Chapter 295

295.16(3) (3) Public nonmetallic mining.

295.16(3)(a) (a) The standards established under s. 295.12 (1) (a) and, except as provided in par. (b), a nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance apply to nonmetallic mining conducted by or on behalf of the state or a municipality. Notwithstanding s. 13.48 (13), nonmetallic mining operated for the benefit or use of the state or any state agency, board, commission or department shall comply with the permit requirements and nonmetallic mining reclamation standards of any applicable nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance.

295.16(3)(b) (b) The financial assurance requirements of a nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance do not apply to nonmetallic mining conducted by the state or a municipality.

295.16(4) (4) Exempt activities. A nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance and the standards established under s. 295.12 (1) (a) do not apply to the following activities:

295.16(4)(a) (a) Excavations or grading by a person solely for domestic or farm use at his or her residence or farm.

295.16(4)(b) (b) Excavations or grading conducted for the construction, reconstruction, maintenance or repair of a highway, railroad, airport facility or any other transportation facility if the excavation or grading is within the property boundaries of the transportation facility.

295.16(4)(c) (c) Grading conducted for preparing a construction site or restoring land following a flood or natural disaster.

295.16(4)(d) (d) Excavations for building construction purposes.

295.16(4)(e) (e) Nonmetallic mining sites of less than one acre.

295.16(4)(f) (f) Any mining operation, the reclamation of which is required in a permit obtained under ch. 293 or subch. III of ch. 295.

295.16(4)(g) (g) Any activities required to prepare, operate or close a solid waste disposal facility under subchs. II to IV of ch. 289 or a hazardous waste disposal facility under ch. 291 that are conducted on the property on which the facility is located, but a nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance and the standards established under s. 295.12 (1) (a) apply to activities related to solid waste or hazardous waste disposal that are conducted at a nonmetallic mining site that is not on the property on which the solid waste or hazardous waste disposal facility is located such as activities to obtain nonmetallic minerals to be used for lining, capping, covering or constructing berms, dikes or roads.

295.16(4)(i) (i) Dredging for navigational purposes, to construct or maintain farm drainage ditches and for the remediation of environmental contamination and the disposal of spoils from that dredging.

295.16(4)(j) (j) Removal of material from the bed of Lake Michigan or Lake Superior by a public utility pursuant to a permit under s. 30.21.

295.16 History History: 1995 a. 227 s. 806; 1997 a. 27; 1999 a. 9; 2013 a. 1.

295.17 295.17 Inspection.

295.17(1) (1) An agent of a county, city, village or town that has a nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance that complies with s. 295.13 or 295.14 may enter a nonmetallic mining site in the performance of his or her official duties at any reasonable time in order to inspect those premises and to ascertain compliance with this subchapter. No person may refuse entry or access to an agent of the county, city, village or town who requests entry for purposes of inspection, and who presents appropriate credentials. No person may obstruct, hamper or interfere with the inspection. The county, city, village or town shall furnish to the operator any report prepared by the county, city, village or town regarding the inspection.

295.17(2) (2) Any duly authorized officer, employee or representative of the department may enter and inspect any property, premises or place on or at which any nonmetallic mining operation is located or is being constructed or installed at any reasonable time for the purpose of ascertaining the state of compliance with this chapter and chs. 281, 285, 289 to 293 and 299 and rules adopted pursuant thereto. No person may refuse entry or access to any such authorized representative of the department who requests entry for purposes of inspection, and who presents appropriate credentials, nor may any person obstruct, hamper or interfere with any such inspection. The department shall furnish to the nonmetallic mining site operator a written report setting forth all observations, relevant information and data which relate to compliance status.

295.17 History History: 1995 a. 227 s. 808, 995; 1997 a. 27.

295.18 295.18 Department review.

295.18(1) (1) Review. The department shall periodically review the nonmetallic mining reclamation program under this subchapter of each county and each city, village or town that exercises jurisdiction under this subchapter to ascertain compliance with this subchapter and the rules promulgated under this subchapter. This review shall include all of the following:

295.18(1)(a) (a) A performance audit of the nonmetallic mining reclamation program of the county, city, village or town.

295.18(1)(b) (b) Verification, by on-site inspections, of county, city, village or town compliance with this subchapter and rules promulgated under this subchapter.

295.18(1)(c) (c) A written determination by the department, issued at least once every 10 years, of whether the county, city, village or town is in compliance with this subchapter and rules promulgated under this subchapter.

295.18(2) (2) Noncompliance; hearing. If the department determines under sub. (1) that a county, city, village or town is not in compliance with this subchapter and rules promulgated under this subchapter, the department shall notify the county, city, village or town of that determination. If the department decides to pursue the matter, it shall conduct a hearing, after 30 days’ notice, in the county, city, village or town. As soon as practicable after the hearing, the department shall issue a written decision regarding compliance with this subchapter and rules promulgated under this subchapter.

295.18(3) (3) Municipal noncompliance; consequences. If the department determines under sub. (2) that a city, village or town is not in compliance with this subchapter and rules promulgated under this subchapter, the city, village or town may not administer the nonmetallic mining reclamation program. The county nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance applies to that city, village or town and the county shall administer the nonmetallic mining reclamation program in that city, village or town. The city, village or town may apply to the department to resume its authority to administer the nonmetallic mining reclamation program, but not sooner than 3 years after the department issues a decision under sub. (2). The department, after a hearing, may approve the city, village or town request to administer the nonmetallic mining reclamation program if the city, village or town demonstrates the capacity to comply with this subchapter and rules promulgated under this subchapter.

295.18(4) (4) County noncompliance; consequences. If the department issues a written decision under sub. (2) that a county is not in compliance with this subchapter and rules promulgated under this subchapter, the department shall administer the nonmetallic mining reclamation program in that county, including the collection of fees, review and approval of plans, inspection of nonmetallic mining sites and enforcement, except that the department may not administer the nonmetallic mining reclamation program in a city, village or town that enacted an ordinance that complies with s. 295.14 before the department made its determination under sub. (2) and is administering that ordinance. The county may apply to the department at any time to resume administration of the nonmetallic mining reclamation program. The department, after a hearing, may approve the county request to administer the nonmetallic mining reclamation program if the county demonstrates the capacity to comply with this subchapter and rules promulgated under this subchapter. No city, village or town may enact an ordinance for and begin to implement a nonmetallic mining reclamation program during the time that the department administers the nonmetallic mining reclamation program in the county in which the city, village or town is located.

295.18 History History: 1995 a. 227 s. 809; 1997 a. 27.

295.19 295.19 Enforcement; remedies; penalties.

295.19(1) (1) Orders; enforcement. The governing body of a county, city, village or town that has a nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance that complies with s. 295.13 or 295.14, or an agent designated by that governing body, may do any of the following:

295.19(1)(a) (a) Issue an order requiring an operator to comply with, or to cease violating, this subchapter, rules promulgated under this subchapter, the nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance, a nonmetallic mining reclamation permit or an approved nonmetallic mining reclamation plan.

295.19(1)(b) (b) Issue an order suspending or revoking a nonmetallic mining reclamation permit as authorized in the nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance.

295.19(1)(c) (c) Issue an order directing an operator to immediately cease an activity regulated under this subchapter, under rules promulgated under this subchapter or under the nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance until the necessary nonmetallic mining reclamation plan approval is obtained.

295.19(1)(d) (d) Submit orders to abate violations of the nonmetallic mining reclamation ordinance to the district attorney, the corporation counsel, the municipal attorney or the attorney general for enforcement. The district attorney, the corporation counsel, the municipal attorney or the attorney general may enforce those orders.

295.19(2) (2) Department orders. The department may issue an order directing the immediate cessation of an activity regulated under this subchapter until the nonmetallic mining site complies with the nonmetallic mining reclamation standards established under s. 295.12 (1) (a).

295.19(3) (3) Penalties.

295.19(3)(a) (a) Any person who violates the rules promulgated under s. 295.12 (1) (a) or an order issued under sub. (2) may be required to forfeit not less than $25 nor more than $1,000 for each violation. Each day of continued violation is a separate offense. While an order issued under this subchapter is suspended, stayed or enjoined, this penalty does not accrue.

295.19(3)(b) (b)

295.19(3)(b)1. 1. Except for the violations enumerated in par. (a), any person who violates this subchapter or any rule promulgated or any plan approval order issued under this subchapter shall forfeit not less than $10 nor more than $5,000 for each violation. Each day of continued violation is a separate offense. While an order is suspended, stayed or enjoined, this penalty does not accrue.

295.19(3)(b)2. 2. In addition to the penalties provided under subd. 1., the court may award the department of justice the reasonable and necessary expenses of the investigation and prosecution of the violation, including attorney fees. The department of justice shall deposit in the state treasury for deposit into the general fund all moneys that the court awards to the department or the state under this subdivision. The costs of investigation and the expenses of prosecution, including attorney fees, shall be credited to the appropriation account under s. 20.455 (1) (gh).

295.19 History History: 1995 a. 227 s. 810, 995; 1997 a. 27; 2001 a. 109; 2003 a. 309.

295.20 295.20 Preservation of marketable nonmetallic mineral deposits.

295.20(1) (1) Registration.

295.20(1)(a) (a) Beginning on October 14, 1997, a landowner may register land owned by that person under this section if all of the following apply:

295.20(1)(a)1. 1. The land has a marketable nonmetallic mineral deposit, as evidenced by the certification of a professional geologist licensed under ch. 470 or a professional engineer registered under s. 443.04 and by any other information required under sub. (4).

295.20(1)(a)2. 2. The landowner notifies each county, city, village and town that has authority to zone the land of his or her intent to register the marketable nonmetallic mineral deposit. The notification shall include the evidence required under subd. 1.

295.20(1)(a)3. 3. Nonmetallic mining is a permitted or conditional use for the land that is proposed to be registered under any zoning that is in effect on the day on which the landowner makes the notification under subd. 2.

295.20(1)(b) (b) A governmental unit that receives notification under par. (a) 2. may contest registration under this subsection, in the circuit court for a county in which the land is located, on the grounds that there is not a marketable nonmetallic mineral deposit on the land or that par. (a) 3. is not satisfied. The governmental unit has the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that one of those grounds exists.

295.20(1)(c) (c) The registration shall delineate the nonmetallic mineral deposit and is valid only if recorded in the office of the register of deeds in each county in which the nonmetallic mineral deposit is located.

295.20(1)(d) (d) Except as provided under sub. (4) (d), a registration under this subsection lasts for 10 years and may be renewed as provided in the rules under sub. (4) (e).

295.20(1m) (1m) Previously registered deposits. Land registered under sub. (1) before October 14, 1997, shall remain registered for 10 years after the initial date of registration. The registration may be renewed as provided under sub. (4) (f).

295.20(2) (2) Limitation on zoning.

295.20(2)(a) (a) A county, city, village or town may not by zoning, rezoning, granting a variance, or other official action or inaction, permit the erection of permanent structures upon, or otherwise permit the use of, any land, while a registration under this section is in effect for that land, in a manner that would permanently interfere with the present or future extraction of the nonmetallic mineral deposit that is located on the land.

295.20(2)(b) (b)

295.20(2)(b)1. 1. A county, city, village or town may enact an ordinance changing the zoning of land that is registered under this section if mining has not begun on any portion of the registered land and the ordinance is necessary to implement a master plan, comprehensive plan or land use plan that was adopted at least one year before the rezoning.

295.20(2)(b)2. 2. A zoning change authorized by subd. 1. does not apply to the registered land during the registration period in effect when the zoning ordinance takes effect or during the 10-year renewal period under sub. (4) (e) or (f) if the land is eligible for that renewal.

295.20(2)(b)3. 3. A zoning change authorized by subd. 1. prevents the registration of the land after the period under subd. 2.

295.20(3) (3) Exceptions. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the following:

295.20(3)(a) (a) A use of land permissible under a zoning ordinance in effect on the day before a mineral deposit is registered under sub. (1).

295.20(3)(b) (b) Acquisition of a registered nonmetallic mineral deposit or registered buffer area by a county, city, village or town or other governmental unit for a public purpose.

295.20(4) (4) Rules. The department shall promulgate rules that contain all of the following:

295.20(4)(a) (a) A definition of “marketable nonmetallic mineral deposit”.

295.20(4)(b) (b) Procedures and requirements for registering land containing a marketable nonmetallic mineral deposit under sub. (1).

295.20(4)(c) (c) Procedures and criteria for objecting to the proposed registration of land containing a nonmetallic mineral deposit.

295.20(4)(d) (d) Procedures for terminating the registration of land under this section when there is no longer a marketable nonmetallic mineral deposit on the land.

295.20(4)(e) (e) Procedures and criteria for renewing the registration of land under sub. (1). The rules shall allow renewal for one 10-year period without review of the marketability of the deposit or the zoning of the land, except that, if mining has begun on any portion of the registered land, the rules shall allow the person to renew the registration for an unlimited number of 10-year periods as long as active mining continues.

295.20(4)(f) (f) Procedures and criteria for renewing the registration of land under sub. (1m).

295.20(4)(g) (g) Criteria under which contiguous parcels of land owned by the same person and containing the same marketable nonmetallic mineral deposit may be included in one registration.

295.20 History History: 1995 a. 227 s. 811; 1997 a. 27, 300.

subch. II of ch. 295 SUBCHAPTER II

OIL AND GAS

295.31 295.31 Definitions; oil and gas. In this subchapter:

295.31(1) (1) “Department” means the department of natural resources.

295.31(2) (2) “Exploration” means the on-site geologic examination from the surface of an area by core, rotary, percussion or other drilling for the purpose of searching for oil or gas or establishing the nature and extent of a known oil or gas deposit and includes associated activities such as clearing and preparing sites or constructing roads for drilling. For the purposes of the definition of exploration, geologic examination does not include drill holes constructed for the purpose of collecting soil samples or for determining geologic information by seismic methods.

295.31(3) (3) “Gas” means naturally occurring gaseous hydrocarbons.

295.31(4) (4) “Oil” means naturally occurring liquid hydrocarbons.

295.31(6) (6) “Principal shareholder” means any person that owns at least 10 percent of the beneficial interest of another person.

295.31(7) (7) “Production” means the process involved in the extraction of oil or gas for commercial purposes, and the construction of roads, construction, testing and completion of wells and installation and operation of pipelines, tanks and other necessary equipment for that extraction.

295.31(7m) (7m) “Other waste” includes all other substances, except industrial wastes, as defined in s. 281.01 (5), and sewage, as defined in s. 281.01 (13), which pollute any of the surface waters of the state. The term also includes unnecessary siltation resulting from operations such as the washing of vegetables or raw food products, gravel washing, stripping of lands for development of subdivisions, highways, quarries and gravel pits, mine drainage, cleaning of vehicles or barges or gross neglect of land erosion.

295.31(8) (8) “Person” means an individual, owner, operator, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association, municipality, interstate agency, state agency or federal agency.

295.31(8m) (8m) “Related person” means any person that owns or operates an oil or gas exploration or production site in the United States and that is one of the following when an application for an oil or gas exploration or production license is submitted to the department:

295.31(8m)(a) (a) The parent corporation of the applicant.

295.31(8m)(b) (b) A person that holds more than a 30 percent ownership interest in the applicant.

295.31(8m)(c) (c) A subsidiary or affiliate of the applicant in which the applicant holds more than a 30 percent ownership interest.

295.31(9) (9) “Waters of the state” includes those portions of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior within the boundaries of this state, and all lakes, bays, rivers, streams, springs, ponds, wells, impounding reservoirs, marshes, watercourses, drainage systems and other surface water or groundwater, natural or artificial, public or private, within this state or its jurisdiction.

295.31 History History: 1991 a. 262; 1995 a. 227 s. 813, 995; Stats. 1995 s. 295.31.

295.33 295.33 Oil and gas exploration and production.

295.33(1) (1) No person may engage in the exploration for oil or gas without a license from the department.

295.33(2) (2) No person may engage in the production of oil or gas without a license from the department.

295.33(3) (3) No person may commit waste in the exploration for or in the production of oil or gas.