Chapter 23

23.0917(7)(e)1. 1. For any land for which moneys are proposed to be obligated from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) in order to provide a grant, state aid, or other funding to a governmental unit or nonprofit conservation organization under s. 23.09 (19), (20), or (20m), 23.092 (4), 23.094 (3g), 23.0953, 23.096, 30.24 (2), or 30.277, the department shall use at least 2 appraisals to determine the current fair market value of the land. The governmental unit or nonprofit conservation organization shall submit to the department one appraisal that is paid for by the governmental unit or nonprofit conservation organization. The department shall obtain its own independent appraisal. The department may also require that the governmental unit or nonprofit conservation organization submit a 3rd independent appraisal. The department shall reimburse the governmental unit or nonprofit conservation organization up to 50 percent of the costs of the 3rd appraisal as part of the acquisition costs of the land if the land is acquired by the governmental unit or nonprofit conservation organization with moneys obligated from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta).

23.0917(7)(e)2. 2. Subdivision 1. does not apply if the current fair market value of the land is estimated by the department to be $350,000 or less.

23.0917(7)(f) (f)

23.0917(7)(f)1. 1. In this paragraph, “taxation district” has the meaning given in s. 70.114 (1) (e).

23.0917(7)(f)2. 2. For any acquisition of any land that is funded with moneys obligated from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta), the department, within 30 days after the moneys are obligated, shall submit to the clerk and the assessor of each taxation district in which the land is located a copy of every appraisal in the department’s possession that was prepared in order to determine the current fair market value of the land involved. An assessor who receives a copy of an appraisal under this subdivision shall consider the appraisal in valuing the land as provided under s. 70.32 (1).

23.0917(8) (8) Prohibitions and limitations.

23.0917(8)(a) (a) The department may not obligate moneys from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) for the acquisition of land for golf courses or for the development of golf courses.

23.0917(8)(b) (b) The department may not obligate moneys from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) for the acquisition or development of land by a county or other local governmental unit or political subdivision if the county, local governmental unit, or political subdivision acquires the land involved by condemnation.

23.0917(8)(c) (c) The department may not obligate moneys from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) for the acquisition by a city, village or town of land that is outside the boundaries of the city, village or town unless the city, village or town acquiring the land and the city, village or town in which the land is located approve the acquisition.

23.0917(8)(d) (d) The department may not acquire land using moneys from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) without the prior approval of a majority of the members-elect, as defined in s. 59.001 (2m), of the county board of supervisors of the county in which the land is located if at least 66 percent of the land in the county is owned or under the jurisdiction of the state, the federal government, or a local governmental unit, as defined in s. 66.0131 (1) (a). Before determining whether to approve the acquisition, the county in which the land is located shall post notices that inform the residents of the community surrounding the land of the possible acquisitions.

23.0917(8)(e) (e) Beginning with fiscal year 2007-08, the department may not obligate from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) more than 20 percent of the available bonding authority in a fiscal year for the acquisition of parcels of lands that are less than 10 acres in size.

23.0917(8)(f) (f)

23.0917(8)(f)1. 1. Notwithstanding sub. (1) (d), in this paragraph, “land” means land in fee simple.

23.0917(8)(f)2. 2. Beginning with fiscal year 2013-14, of the amount set aside for a given fiscal year under sub. (3) (bt), not more than one-third of that amount may be obligated for the purpose of the acquisition of land by the department.

23.0917(8)(g) (g)

23.0917(8)(g)1. 1. In this paragraph, “project boundary” means the boundary of a project established by the department on or before May 1, 2013.

23.0917(8)(g)2. 2. Except as provided in subd. 3., beginning with fiscal year 2013-14, the department may not obligate any moneys from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) for the department to acquire land that is outside of a project boundary.

23.0917(8)(g)3. 3. The department may obligate moneys from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) for the department to acquire land that is outside of a project boundary if the joint committee on finance approves the land acquisition. A land acquisition is approved by the joint committee on finance under this subdivision if 12 members of the joint committee on finance vote to approve the land acquisition.

23.0917 Note NOTE: Subd. 3. was held to be unconstitutional by the Wisconsin Supreme Court in Evers v. Marklein, 2024 WI 31.

23.0917(12) (12) Expenditures after 2026. No moneys may be obligated from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) after June 30, 2026.

23.0917 History History: 1999 a. 9, 185; 2001 a. 16, 30, 109; 2003 a. 33; 2007 a. 20; 2009 a. 28; 2011 a. 32, 250; 2013 a. 20, 166; 2015 a. 55; 2017 a. 59, 71, 183; 2017 a. 364 ss. 3, 49; 2019 a. 9, 93; 2021 a. 58, 173; 2021 a. 239 s. 74; 2021 a. 240 s. 29; 2023 a. 12, 19.

23.0918 23.0918 Natural resources land endowment fund.

23.0918(1) (1) In this section, “land” includes any buildings, facilities or other structures located on the land.

23.0918(2) (2) Unless the natural resources board determines otherwise in a specific case, only the income from the gifts, grants, or bequests in the fund is available for expenditure. The natural resources board may authorize expenditures only for preserving, developing, managing, or maintaining land under the jurisdiction of the department that is used for any of the purposes specified in s. 23.09 (2) (d). In this subsection, unless otherwise provided in a gift, grant, or bequest, principal and income are determined as provided under subch. XI of ch. 701.

23.0918 History History: 1999 a. 9; 2005 a. 10; 2013 a. 92.

23.0919 23.0919 Wisconsin outdoor wildlife heritage trust fund. Expenditures from the Wisconsin outdoor wildlife heritage trust fund may be used only for the improvement and maintenance of fish and wildlife habitat. For purposes of this section, improvement and maintenance of fish and wildlife habitat does not include the acquisition of land for such habitat.

23.0919 History History: 2001 a. 92.

23.092 23.092 Habitat areas.

23.092(1b) (1b) In this section, “nonprofit conservation organization” has the meaning given in s. 23.0955 (1).

23.092(1m) (1m) The department shall designate habitat areas in order to enhance wildlife-based recreation in this state, including hunting, fishing, nature appreciation and the viewing of game and nongame species. The department may not designate an area as a habitat area under this subsection if the area is located within the boundaries of a project established by the department before August 9, 1989.

23.092(2) (2) For each area designated under sub. (1m), the department shall prepare a plan, based upon the specific qualities of the area designated, that is designed to protect, enhance or restore the habitat in the designated area. After preparation of a plan for a designated area, the department shall encourage landowners to use specific management practices that are designed to implement the plan.

23.092(3) (3) The department may acquire easements for habitat areas by gift or devise or beginning on July 1, 1990, by purchase. The department may acquire land for habitat areas by gift, devise or purchase.

23.092(4) (4) The department may share the costs of implementing land management practices with landowners, or with nonprofit conservation organizations that are qualified to enhance wildlife-based recreation if these organizations have the landowner’s permission to implement the practices. The department may share the costs of acquiring easements for habitat areas with landowners or with these nonprofit conservation organizations. If the funding for cost-sharing under this subsection will be expended from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta), the amount expended for the cost-sharing may not exceed 50 percent of the cost of the management practices or of the acquisition costs for the easement except as provided in s. 23.096 (2m).

23.092(5) (5) 

23.092(5)(a) (a) The department shall determine the value of land or an easement donated to the department that is within a habitat area and is dedicated for purposes of habitat protection, enhancement or restoration. For an easement, the valuation shall be based on the extent to which the fair market value of the land is diminished by the transfer. Except as provided in par. (b), an amount of money equal to the value of the donation shall be released from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) or (tz) or both to be used for habitat protection, enhancement or restoration activities for the same habitat area in which any donation was made on or after August 9, 1989. The department shall determine how the moneys being released are to be allocated from these appropriations.

23.092(5)(b) (b) If the moneys allocated under par. (a) for release from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) to match a donation under par. (a) will exceed the annual bonding authority for the subprogram under s. 23.0917 (3) for a given fiscal year, as adjusted under s. 23.0917 (5), the department shall release from the moneys appropriated under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) the remaining amount available under that annual bonding authority, as adjusted under s. 23.0917 (5), for the given fiscal year and shall release in each following fiscal year from the moneys appropriated under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) an amount equal to that annual bonding authority, as adjusted under s. 23.0917 (5), or equal to the amount still needed to match the donation, whichever is less, until the entire amount necessary to match the donation is released.

23.092(6) (6) Except as provided in s. 23.0915 (2), the department may not expend from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (tz) more than $1,500,000 under this section for fisheries, for habitat areas and for grants for this purpose under s. 23.096 in each fiscal year.

23.092 History History: 1989 a. 31; 1991 a. 39; 1993 a. 16, 343; 1995 a. 27; 1999 a. 9; 2001 a. 38, 104; 2003 a. 33; 2007 a. 20.

23.0925 23.0925 Habitat work plan. The department shall prepare a biennial work plan that coincides with the biennial state budget process. The plan shall establish priorities and goals for habitat work on lands managed by the department and measure progress on established priorities and goals. The department shall annually report its progress on habitat work plan goals to the natural resources board, the joint committee on finance, and the relevant standing committees of the legislature.

23.0925 History History: 2023 a. 66.

23.093 23.093 Carp control research. The department of natural resources may enter into contracts with public or private agencies for the accelerated research and development of a specific toxic material for the control and eradication of carp in the waters of the state.

23.094 23.094 Stream bank protection program.

23.094(1) (1) Definition. In this section, “political subdivision” means city, village, town, county, lake sanitary district, as defined in s. 30.50 (4q), or public inland lake protection and rehabilitation district.

23.094(1m) (1m) Creation. In order to protect the water quality and the fish habitat of the streams in this state, there is created a stream bank protection program to be administered by the department.

23.094(2) (2) Identification of priority streams.

23.094(2)(a) (a) The department shall identify as priority streams those streams in this state that are in most need of protection from degradation of water quality caused by agricultural or urban runoff.

23.094(2)(b) (b) In identifying priority streams under par. (a), the department shall give higher priority to those streams that are affected by a federal or state program or plan that protects water quality or fish habitat.

23.094(2)(c) (c) The federal or state programs or plans under par. (b) include:

23.094(2)(c)1. 1. The conservation reserve program under 16 USC 3831 to 3836.

23.094(2)(c)2. 2. The land and resource management planning program under s. 92.10.

23.094(2)(c)4. 4. The soil and water resource management program under s. 92.14.

23.094(2)(c)5. 5. The nonpoint source pollution abatement grant program under s. 281.65.

23.094(2m) (2m) Acquisition of land. For a stream identified as a priority stream under sub. (2), the department may acquire land adjacent to the stream by gift or devise or by purchase. Whenever possible, the land acquired shall include the area within at least 66 feet from either side of the stream.

23.094(3) (3) State easements. For a stream identified as a priority stream under sub. (2), the department may acquire a permanent stream bank easement from the owner of land adjacent to the priority stream by gift or devise or beginning July 1, 1990, by purchase. Whenever possible, the easement shall include the land within at least 66 feet from either side of the stream.

23.094(3g) (3g) Acquisition by political subdivision. A political subdivision may acquire by gift, devise or purchase land adjacent to a stream identified as a priority stream under sub. (2) or acquire by gift, devise or purchase a permanent stream bank easement from the owner of the land. The department may make grants from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (tz) to political subdivisions to purchase these lands and easements. The department may make grants under s. 23.096 from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) or (tz) or both. Whenever possible, the land or easement shall include the land within at least 66 feet from either side of the stream.

23.094(3m) (3m) Limits. Except as provided in s. 23.096 (2m), a grant under sub. (3g) may not exceed 50 percent of the acquisition costs for the land or the easement.

23.094(3r) (3r) Restriction on land and easements. A stream bank easement acquired under this section or under s. 23.096 shall prohibit all of the following and all of the following are prohibited on land acquired under this section or under s. 23.096:

23.094(3r)(a) (a) Alteration of vegetative cover or other natural features unless the department specifically approves the alteration.

23.094(3r)(b) (b) Planting or production of agricultural crops unless the department specifically approves the planting or production for wildlife management purposes.

23.094(3r)(c) (c) Mowing, grazing or spraying the land with chemicals, except as necessary to comply with noxious weed control laws or to control pests on an emergency basis when such control is necessary to protect public health or unless the department specifically approves the mowing, grazing or spraying.

23.094(4) (4) Donations.

23.094(4)(a) (a) The department shall determine the value of land or an easement donated to the department for purposes of this section and for stream bank protection under s. 23.096. For an easement, the valuation shall be based on the extent to which the fair market value of the land is diminished by the transfer. Except as provided in par. (b), an amount of money equal to the value of the donation shall be released from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) or (tz) or both to be used to acquire easements and land under this section and s. 23.096 for the same stream for which any donation was made on or after August 9, 1989. The department shall determine how the moneys being released are to be allocated from these appropriations.

23.094(4)(b) (b) If the moneys allocated under par. (a) for release from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) to match a donation under par. (a) will exceed the annual bonding authority for the subprogram under s. 23.0917 (3) for a given fiscal year, as adjusted under s. 23.0917 (5), the department shall release from the moneys appropriated under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) the remaining amount available under that annual bonding authority, as adjusted under s. 23.0917 (5), for the given fiscal year and shall release in each following fiscal year from the moneys appropriated under s. 20.866 (2) (ta) an amount equal to that annual bonding authority, as adjusted under s. 23.0917 (5), or equal to the amount still needed to match the donation, whichever is less, until the entire amount necessary to match the donation is released.

23.094(5) (5) Other requirements. A stream bank easement acquired under this section or s. 23.096 may require the landowner to seed the land subject to the easement at seeding rates determined by the department in order to establish and maintain perennial cover of either a grass-legume mixture or native grass for the term of the easement, or to plant trees on the land subject to the easement.

23.094(6) (6) Fencing. Beginning July 1, 1990, the department shall pay the cost of purchasing and installing any fencing the department determines to be necessary to protect a priority stream identified under this section for which land or an easement has been acquired on or after August 9, 1989, under this section or s. 23.096.

23.094(7) (7) Stream watch program. The department shall establish a stream watch program to encourage the volunteer activities of community and youth organizations to monitor and improve stream quality and to remove debris, including dead fish, from land adjacent to streams and other bodies of water.

23.094(8) (8) Appropriation. Except as provided in s. 23.0915 (2), the department may not expend from the appropriation under s. 20.866 (2) (tz) more than $1,000,000 for fisheries, for the acquisition of land and easements by the department under this section, for grants under sub. (3g) and for grants for this purpose under s. 23.096 in each fiscal year.

23.094 History History: 1989 a. 31; 1991 a. 39, 309; 1993 a. 16; 1995 a. 227, 349; 1997 a. 27; 1999 a. 9; 2001 a. 38, 104; 2007 a. 20; 2009 a. 28.

23.094 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. NR 50, Wis. adm. code.

23.095 23.095 Protection of natural resources.

23.095(1) (1) Definitions. In this section:

23.095(1)(a) (a) “Damage” means to commit a physical act that unreasonably destroys, molests, defaces, removes or wastes.

23.095(1)(b) (b) “Discharge” has the meaning given in s. 292.01 (3).

23.095(1)(c) (c) “Hazardous substance” has the meaning given in s. 285.01 (21).

23.095(1g) (1g) General prohibition. No person may damage or attempt to damage any natural resource within the state.

23.095(1m) (1m) Prohibition on department land.

23.095(1m)(a) (a) No person may damage or attempt to damage any natural resource or any archaeological feature located on state-owned lands that are under the supervision, management and control of the department except as authorized by the department.

23.095(1m)(b) (b) Paragraph (a) does not apply to state-owned lands that are beds of navigable waters.

23.095(2m) (2m) Prohibition on land in Kickapoo valley reserve. No person may damage or attempt to damage any natural resource or archaeological feature located in the Kickapoo valley reserve under s. 41.41 (2).

23.095(3) (3) Penalties.

23.095(3)(a) (a) Any person who violates sub. (1g) shall forfeit not more than $100.

23.095(3)(b) (b) Except as provided in pars. (c) and (d), any person who violates sub. (1m) or (2m) shall forfeit not more than $200.

23.095(3)(c) (c) If a person violates sub. (1m) or (2m) and the violation involves damaging or attempting to damage a natural resource and the violation occurs on land in a state natural area, as defined in s. 23.27 (1) (h), the person shall forfeit not more than $2,000.

23.095(3)(d) (d)

23.095(3)(d)1. 1. Except as provided in subds. 2. and 3., if a person violates sub. (1m) or (2m) and the violation involves damaging or attempting to damage an archaeological feature, the person shall forfeit not less than $100 nor more than $10,000.

23.095(3)(d)2. 2. Except as provided in subd. 3., if a person violates sub. (1m) or (2m) and the violation involves intentionally damaging or intentionally attempting to damage an archaeological feature, the person shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 9 months or both.

23.095(3)(d)3. 3. If a person violates sub. (2m) and the violation involves intentionally damaging or attempting to damage an archaeological feature in the pursuit of commercial gain, the person shall, in addition to the penalty imposed under subd. 2., be fined an amount 2 times the gross value gained or the gross loss caused by the violation, whichever is the greater, plus court costs and the costs of investigation and prosecution, reasonably incurred.

23.095(4) (4) Exceptions.

23.095(4)(a) (a) This section does not apply to any person upon whom liability is imposed under 42 USC 9607 (a) for injury to, destruction of or loss of natural resources within the state.