Chapter 200

200.35(10) (10) Preliminary work. The commission may make all preliminary investigations and perform all preliminary work as should, in the commission’s judgment, precede the actual projection, construction and establishment of the sewerage system.

200.35(11) (11) Examinations and tests.

200.35(11)(a) (a) The commission may enter upon any land or water in the district for the purpose of making examinations, test borings, tests or surveys in the performance of its responsibilities under this subchapter. The commission shall compensate for damage caused by its examinations, test borings, tests or surveys. The commission may examine any sewer or sewerage system to determine if the sewer or sewerage system is defective in operation, construction, design or supervision.

200.35(11)(b) (b) Except as provided in par. (c), prior to entry onto land under this subsection the district shall obtain the consent of the owner.

200.35(11)(c) (c) If the consent of the owner cannot be obtained, the district shall obtain a special entry warrant prior to entry onto the land. To obtain a special entry warrant, the district shall petition the circuit court for the county in which the land to be entered is located and shall mail a copy of the petition by registered mail to the owner’s last-known address, if any. If the court determines that entry onto the land is reasonably related to the performance of the district’s responsibilities under this subchapter, the court shall issue the warrant on the district’s affidavit that the district intends to enter the land under this subsection, that the district has mailed, at least 5 days prior to the affidavit, a copy of the petition for the warrant to the owner as required in this paragraph and that the district has been otherwise unable to obtain the owner’s consent.

200.35(12) (12) Disposal of treated sewage. Subject to any applicable rule of the department of natural resources, the commission may dispose of treated sewage by commercial or charitable means and may expend an amount reasonably necessary for this purpose.

200.35(13) (13) Laboratory testing. The commission may operate laboratory facilities for testing sewage for any municipality or user, but may not require that any municipality or user use these facilities.

200.35(14) (14) Shore protection projects and dredged material management facility.

200.35(14)(a) (a) In this subsection:

200.35(14)(a)1. 1. “Political subdivision” means a county, city, village or town.

200.35(14)(a)2. 2. “Project” means any of the following:

200.35(14)(a)2.a. a. A shore protection or erosion control project which consists, in whole or in part, of waste rock produced by construction projects undertaken by the commission and which has been requested, by resolution, by a political subdivision with territory in the district’s service area.

200.35(14)(a)2.b. b. A dredged material management facility.

200.35(14)(b) (b) The commission may construct a project under this subsection and may finance and construct a project that is a dredged material management facility. This paragraph does not apply to the construction of any project on or after January 1, 2032.

200.35(14)(c) (c) Prior to construction of a project under this subsection, the commission and the political subdivision requesting the project shall obtain all necessary permits and approvals from the state and from any governmental unit with jurisdiction of the area where the project is proposed to be located. If the project is proposed to be located on an area of lake bed the title of which has been granted by the state to a political subdivision, the commission may not construct the project unless that political subdivision approves the location of the project.

200.35(14)(d) (d)

200.35(14)(d)1. 1. The commission shall pay for the portion of the cost of a project constructed by the commission under this subsection which equals the difference between the cost of disposing of the waste rock at a disposal site which is approved by the department of natural resources and which is outside of the district’s service area and the cost of disposing of the waste rock in the project.

200.35(14)(d)2. 2. If the cost of a project exceeds the amount paid by the commission under subd. 1., the political subdivision which requests the project shall pay 15 percent of the excess cost or $300,000, whichever is less, and the commission shall pay the remainder, except as provided under subd. 3.

200.35(14)(d)3. 3. The commission may not pay under subd. 2. a total of more than $2,690,000 for all projects constructed under this subsection.

200.35(14)(d)3m. 3m. Notwithstanding any requirements to the contrary in subds. 1. to 3., for a dredged material management facility constructed by the commission, the commission shall pay for all the costs of the project through its capital budget and may finance the project pursuant to s. 200.55. Notwithstanding s. 67.07, district bonds or notes issued to finance the project shall be made payable within a period of 35 years from the date of the bonds or notes.

200.35(14)(d)4. 4. A political subdivision which requests a project under this subsection may not charge the commission a fee for disposing of the waste rock in the project.

200.35(14)(e) (e) If water no more than 300 feet in distance separates a completed project from the shore, the political subdivision which requests the project shall construct facilities to provide pedestrian access between the completed project and the shore.

200.35(14)(f) (f) The political subdivision which holds title to the lake bed on which a project is constructed by the commission under this subsection holds title to that project and is responsible for any maintenance required after the project is completed. The commission may not make any claim relating to an ownership interest in that project.

200.35(14)(g) (g) Paragraphs (d) to (f) do not apply to any project which includes a solid waste disposal facility which requires an operating license under s. 289.31.

200.35(14)(h) (h) For a dredged material management facility constructed by the commission, the commission may reserve space in the dredged material management facility for the disposal of sediment from flood management projects.

200.35 History History: 1981 c. 282, 391; 1983 a. 27 s. 2202 (38); 1985 a. 187; 1987 a. 130; 1989 a. 366; 1995 a. 227; 1997 a. 248; 1999 a. 150 s. 583; Stats. 1999 s. 200.35; 2015 a. 55; 2021 a. 124.

200.37 200.37 Connections to the sewerage system.

200.37(1) (1) Approval of the commission. The commission may approve or disapprove any connection with or use of the sewerage system by any town, city or village or by any private person or corporation. The commission shall examine proposed connections or uses and shall hear all the parties in interest. If the commission finds that any sewer connected or to be connected to the sewerage system is defective in construction, design, supervision or operation, the commission may not permit any connection to be made or continued until the alterations, new construction and changes in supervision or operation required by the commission have been made.

200.37(2) (2) Incorporation or use of existing sewers.

200.37(2)(a) (a) The commission may temporarily use any public sewer or drain, including any storm sewer or drain, in the district for the purposes of this subchapter. The commission may incorporate with the sewerage system for use as an outfall sewer into a channeled watercourse or as an interceptor sewer any public sewer or drain, including any storm sewer or drain, and any of their appurtenances, either in their existing condition or with repairs or modifications as the commission may determine. The commission may condemn, close up, abolish, destroy, alter the functions or increase the flow of any of those public sewers and drains incorporated with the sewerage system as it deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter. If the commission decides to incorporate or utilize a sewer or drain under this subsection, it shall use the procedures specified in par. (b).

200.37(2)(b) (b) The commission shall act under par. (a) by resolution. Before the commission adopts a final resolution to incorporate or utilize a sewer or drain, the commission shall first obtain the consent of the governing body of the city, village or town in which the sewer or drain is located and shall hold a public hearing on the proposed resolution. The commission shall mail a notice that states the time and place of the hearing and is accompanied by a copy of the proposed resolution to the clerk of each municipality at least 30 days before the hearing. The commission shall also publish a copy of the notice and of the proposed resolution as a class 2 notice under ch. 985 within the district. The date of the first publication shall be at least 30 days prior to the date of the hearing.

200.37(3) (3) Power to require connection. The commission may compel any owner or occupant of any premises located along the line of any interceptor sewer or along the line of any sewer of a municipality that is discharging sewage, refuse or industrial wastes of any kind into any river or canal within the drainage area of the district to change or rebuild any outlet, drain or sewer so as to discharge all the sewage, refuse or industrial wastes into the sewers of the town, city or village or into the district’s interceptor sewer under rules adopted by the commission under s. 200.45.

200.37(4) (4) Disconnection. The commission may not disconnect any connection with or use of the sewerage system by a city, village, town, sanitary district, or metropolitan sewerage district that contracts with the commission for service under s. 200.39 (1) unless the disconnection is approved by the public service commission.

200.37 History History: 1981 c. 282, 391; 1999 a. 150 s. 584; Stats. 1999 s. 200.37; 2017 a. 312.

200.39 200.39 Contract sewerage service.

200.39(1) (1) General power of the commission. Subject to subs. (2) to (6), the commission may contract with any city, town, village, sanitary district organized under subch. IX of ch. 60 or metropolitan sewerage district organized under subch. I wholly or partially outside the boundaries of the district, but wholly or partially within the same general drainage area as the district for the transmission, treatment or disposal of sewage from any territory located in the city, town, village, sanitary district or metropolitan sewerage district. Each contract executed under this section shall specify the terms of payment of sewerage service charges by the contracting party.

200.39(2) (2) Prior approvals. Before permitting any city, town, village, sanitary district or metropolitan sewerage district to connect its sewers with or use any of the district’s interceptor sewers under this section, the sewers shall be approved as provided in s. 200.37 (1). The governing body of the city, town, village, sanitary district or metropolitan sewerage district may enter into a contract under this section only by a vote of three-fourths of its members.

200.39(3) (3) Service charges for operation and maintenance. As part of any contract executed under this section, the commission may assess reasonable and just sewerage service charges against the contracting party with respect to operating and maintenance costs. These charges shall be established in accordance with s. 200.59 and are subject to review under s. 200.59. The schedule of service charges may, but need not, be uniform with any other schedule of charges established by the commission.

200.39(4) (4) Service charges for capital costs.

200.39(4)(a) (a) As part of any contract executed under this section, the commission may assess reasonable and just sewerage service charges against the contracting party with respect to capital costs. These sewerage service charges are subject to review under s. 200.59. The schedule of sewerage service charges with respect to capital costs used in contracts executed under this section shall be uniform with the system used to recover capital costs within the district.

200.39(4)(b) (b) Except as provided in par. (c), the charges assessed under this subsection shall be established in accordance with s. 66.0821 or 200.55 (5). In computing the schedule of charges under this subsection, the commission may consider the factors specified in s. 66.0821 (5) or 200.55 (5). In computing the schedule of charges under this subsection, the commission may also consider the fact that sewerage service may not be available to or may be available to but not utilized by a part of the property located within the territorial limits of a contracting party at the time of computing the schedule.

200.39(4)(c) (c) If the commission adopts a system with respect to capital costs within the district on the basis of the value of the property in the area to be served, as equalized under s. 70.57, the commission shall adopt a system of sewerage service charges with respect to capital costs used in contracts executed under this section that shall equal the amount the commission would be able to levy as taxes upon the area to be served by the contract, if the area was within the district boundary.

200.39(5) (5) Payment of assessed charges.

200.39(5)(a) (a) Any city, town, village, sanitary district organized under subch. IX of ch. 60 or metropolitan sewerage district organized under subch. I that contracts under this subsection may provide for the payment of charges from any available source, including:

200.39(5)(a)1. 1. Tax levy.

200.39(5)(a)2. 2. Assessments upon and assessments of charges against the whole city, town, village, sanitary district organized under subch. IX of ch. 60 or metropolitan sewerage district organized under subch. I or upon or against any part thereof that the governing body determines to be benefited by the service.

200.39(5)(a)3. 3. Borrowing under s. 67.12 (12).

200.39(5)(a)4. 4. Disbursements from the general fund.

200.39(5)(a)5. 5. The proceeds of a sales tax.

200.39(5)(a)6. 6. The proceeds of its own schedule of service charges. The schedule of these charges may, but need not, be uniform with any schedule of charges established by the commission.

200.39(5)(b) (b) A deficiency in the source of funds for payment does not relieve the contracting party of liability for failure to pay the commission in full at the time provided in the contract.

200.39(6) (6) Interest on late payments. Contracts executed under this section may provide for interest on late payments.

200.39 History History: 1981 c. 282, 391; 1983 a. 27; 1983 a. 532 s. 36; 1999 a. 150 s. 585; Stats. 1999 s. 200.39.

200.39 Annotation Sub. (4) (c) is unconstitutional; it was passed in violation of Art. IV, s. 18. Brookfield v. Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District, 144 Wis. 2d 896, 426 N.W.2d 591 (1988).

200.41 200.41 Noncontractual sewerage service.

200.41(1) (1) Notwithstanding ss. 66.0821 and 200.55 (5), if the commission establishes a system to recover capital costs within the district on the basis of the value of property in the area to be served, as equalized under s. 70.57, the commission shall establish a system of sewerage service charges to recover capital costs which shall be used with respect to any area which is served by the district and which is outside the boundaries of the district and outside of any municipality which has contracted with the district under s. 200.39. The charges shall be equal to the amount the commission would be authorized to levy as taxes upon the area served if the area were within the district’s boundaries.

200.41(2) (2) Any charge made by the district under this section is reviewable under s. 200.59 (5) if the charge has been paid.

200.41(3) (3) Section 200.55 (5) (b) and (d) apply to charges assessed under this section.

200.41(4) (4) The commission may charge municipalities assessed under this section reasonable interest for late payments.

200.41 History History: 1985 a. 29; 1999 a. 150 s. 586; Stats. 1999 s. 200.41.

200.41 Annotation This section is unconstitutional; it was passed in violation of Art. IV, s. 18. Brookfield v. Milwaukee Sewerage District, 144 Wis. 2d 896, 426 N.W.2d 591 (1988).

200.43 200.43 Acquisition of property.

200.43(1) (1) General power of the commission. The commission may acquire by gift, purchase, lease or other methods of acquisition or by condemnation, any real property situated in the state and all tenements, hereditaments and appurtenances belonging or in any way appertaining to, or in any interest, franchise, easement, right or privilege therein, that may be needed for the purpose of projecting, planning, constructing and maintaining the sewerage system, that may be needed for the collection, transmission or disposal of all sewage or drainage of the district or that may be needed for improving any river or stream within the district under s. 200.35 (8) (a) or (b).

200.43(2) (2) Altering streams over private lands. No stream over private lands may be altered unless the commission acquires the lands under sub. (1) or unless the governing body of the village, town or city in which the stream is located approves the proposed alteration.

200.43(3) (3) Condemnation. Section 32.05 controls the process of condemnation under this section. The commission shall establish the public necessity for any acquisition by condemnation.

200.43(4) (4) Conveyance of property acquired. All property, real or personal, acquired by the commission shall be taken for the benefit of and shall belong to the district. The commission may convey any part of its interest in real or personal property it has acquired that is not needed to carry out the powers and duties of the commission.

200.43 History History: 1981 c. 282, 391; 1999 a. 150 s. 587; Stats. 1999 s. 200.43.

200.45 200.45 Rules; special orders; special use permits.

200.45(1) (1) General rule-making authority.

200.45(1)(a) (a) The commission may adopt the rules both necessary and proper to promote the best results from the construction, operation and maintenance of the sewerage system, to prevent damage to the sewerage system from misuse, injury to employees, surcharging all or part of the sewerage system or interference with the process of sewage treatment or disposal or to comply with federal or state pretreatment requirements. Such rules are applicable to all users. The rules may, without limitation by enumeration:

200.45(1)(a)1. 1. Prohibit discharge into the sewerage system, either directly or indirectly, of any liquid, gaseous or solid waste deemed detrimental to the sewerage system, to the commission’s employees or to the process of sewage treatment or disposal.

200.45(1)(a)2. 2. Prescribe the conditions upon which wastes may be discharged.

200.45(1)(a)3. 3. Prescribe standards of sewer design, construction, operation, alteration and maintenance applicable to any sewerage system connecting with or using the sewerage system and the conditions upon and the manner in which connections to interceptor sewers and replacement of existing district sewers shall be made.

200.45(1)(a)4. 4. Prohibit or restrict discharge into the sewerage system of the district’s service area of any substance if the discharge of that substance would do any of the following:

200.45(1)(a)4.a. a. Interfere with the district’s ability to meet its obligations under a pollution discharge elimination permit or general permit issued under s. 283.31 or 283.35, or under an air pollution control permit issued under ch. 285.

200.45(1)(a)4.b. b. Interfere with the marketing of treated sewage sludge by the district.

200.45(1)(b) (b) The rules shall apply throughout the territory served by the sewerage system and, except as provided in s. 200.35 (5), shall have precedence over any conflicting ordinance, code or regulation of or permit issued by any municipality within the territory.

200.45(1)(c) (c) The commission may adopt, amend or repeal a rule only after notice and public hearing, except that if the preservation of the public health, safety or welfare necessitates putting a rule into effect immediately, the commission may adopt any rule as an emergency rule. An emergency rule is effective for a period of 120 days after the date of adoption unless the commission specifies a shorter period of effectiveness. If the problem that necessitates adopting an emergency rule continues beyond 120 days the commission shall, after providing notice and a hearing, adopt a rule to deal with the problem. Except in the case of an emergency rule, the commission shall publish a notice of the hearing on a proposed rule that includes an informative summary of the proposed rule and specifies the time and place of the hearing at least 30 days prior to the hearing in a newspaper of general circulation in the district. The notice shall also include a statement that judicial review of a rule is available, as provided in par. (d). The commission shall also mail a similar notice to the clerk of each municipality at least 30 days prior to the hearing. The commission shall identify and take all other steps, if any, that it determines are necessary to convey effective notice to persons who are likely to have an interest in the proposed rule making. Failure of any person to receive notice of a hearing on proposed rule making is not grounds for invalidating the resulting rule if notice of the hearing was published and mailed as provided in this paragraph. Insofar as applicable, s. 227.18 governs the conduct of the hearings. A rule adopted by the commission takes effect upon its publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the district.

200.45(1)(d) (d) Except as provided in s. 227.40 (2), the exclusive means of judicial review of the validity of a rule is an action for declaratory judgment as to the validity of the rule brought in the circuit court for the county in which the district is located or for the county in which the plaintiff resides. Upon the motion of any party the court may change the place of the trial under s. 801.52. If 2 or more petitions for review of the same rule are filed in different counties, the circuit court for the county in which a petition for review of a rule was first filed shall determine the venue for judicial review of the rule, to order transfer or consolidation where appropriate. The summons in the action for review shall be served by delivering a copy to the chairperson or secretary of the commission. The court shall render a declaratory judgment in the action only when it appears from the evidence presented that the rule or its threatened application unlawfully interferes with or impairs, or threatens to interfere with or impair, the rights and privileges of the plaintiff. A declaratory judgment may be rendered whether or not the plaintiff has first requested the commission to pass upon the validity of the rule in question. Insofar as applicable, s. 227.40 (2), (3) and (4) govern any declaratory judgment proceeding under this paragraph.

200.45(1)(e) (e) If any person fails to comply with a rule of the district, the district may obtain an injunction under s. 823.02 or the district may initiate an action for the civil remedies under s. 283.91 (2) or (5). If the district acts under s. 283.91 (2) or (5), the district may recover the forfeiture in a civil action brought by the commission in the name of the district. Collected forfeitures shall be paid into the district’s general fund. The forfeiture is in addition to and does not substitute for any damages recoverable by the commission.

200.45(2) (2) Special orders.

200.45(2)(a) (a) The commission may issue special orders in the name of the district directing compliance with the rules of the district within a specified time. All special orders shall be in writing and shall specifically state the action by the user that is required to comply with the order. Service of any special order may be made in the manner provided for service of a summons under s. 801.11. The commission may designate commission employees to issue special orders in the name of the district in an emergency to prevent damage to the sewerage system from misuse, injury to employees, interference with the process of sewage treatment or disposal or substantial risk to the public health and welfare. Special orders are effective and enforceable upon service, unless the commission specifies a later effective date in the special order or agrees to a different effective date.

200.45(2)(b) (b) Any person aggrieved by a special order of the district that directly affects the rights or duties of the person may secure a review of the necessity for and reasonableness of the order by filing with the commission, within 30 days after service of the special order, a verified petition specifying the person’s objections to the order or the modification desired in the order. Upon receipt of the petition, the commission shall order a public hearing on the petition and make any further investigations it determines advisable. Insofar as applicable, ss. 227.44 (6), (7) and (8) and 227.45 to 227.48 govern the proceeding. The determination of the commission upon any petition is subject to review in a proceeding, brought within 30 days after service of notice of the final determination, in the circuit court of the county in which the district is located or of the county in which the plaintiff resides. Insofar as applicable, ss. 227.52 to 227.58 govern any proceeding for judicial review under this paragraph.

200.45(2)(c) (c) If the commission does not stay compliance and a person fails to comply with a special order of the district within the time specified, or if a person fails to begin in good faith to obey, the person is creating a public nuisance enjoinable under s. 823.02. The district may also initiate an action for the civil remedies under s. 283.91 (2) or (5). If the district acts under s. 283.91 (2) or (5), the forfeiture may be recovered by the district in a civil action brought by the commission in the name of the district. Collected forfeitures shall be paid into the district’s general fund. The forfeiture is in addition to and does not substitute for any damages recoverable by the commission.

200.45(3) (3) Special use permits. The commission may issue permits for the special use of the sewerage system to private persons, firms or corporations for the transmission and disposal of any liquid, gaseous or solid waste determined to be not detrimental to the sewerage system, to its employees or to the process of sewage treatment, upon terms and conditions specified by the commission. The commission may prescribe and collect an annual fee not to exceed $500 for any permit for special use. The permit is revocable by the commission summarily for violation of the terms or conditions of the permit. A holder of the permit does not acquire any vested right or privilege by being issued a special use permit under this subsection. Any private person, firm or corporation using the sewerage system without a permit for a use for which a permit may be issued under this subsection, or continuing to use the sewerage system after notice of revocation of the permit, shall forfeit to the district not more than $500 for each violation. The forfeiture may be recovered by the district in a civil action brought by the commission in the name of the district. Collected forfeitures shall be paid into the general fund of the district.

200.45(4) (4) Hearings; designated representatives. The commission may designate representatives to conduct any hearings required under this section and, except as provided in s. 227.46 (5), may designate any member or employee of the commission for that purpose. If more than one person is designated, the commission shall specify the presiding officer for the hearing. All testimony or other evidence taken, appearances for and against the matter involved and a summary of the arguments of all parties shall be reported to the commission in the manner the commission prescribes.

200.45(6) (6) Combined sewer overflow abatement. The commission shall not establish by rule or enforce by special order or other means a duty on the part of any municipality to abate combined sewer overflows.

200.45 History History: 1981 c. 282, 391; 1983 a. 228 s. 16; 1985 a. 29; 1985 a. 182 s. 57; 1989 a. 337, 356; 1995 a. 227; 1999 a. 150 s. 588; Stats. 1999 s. 200.45.

200.47 200.47 Contracts.