Chapter 183

183.0410(3)(b) (b) The person seeks the information in good faith.

183.0410(3)(c) (c) The person satisfies the requirements imposed on a member by sub. (2) (b).

183.0410(4) (4) A limited liability company shall respond to a demand made pursuant to sub. (3) in the manner provided in sub. (2) (c).

183.0410(5) (5) A limited liability company may charge a person that makes a demand under this section the reasonable costs of copying, limited to the costs of labor and material.

183.0410(6) (6) A member or person dissociated as a member may exercise the rights under this section through an agent or, in the case of an individual under legal disability, a legal representative. Any restriction or condition imposed by the operating agreement or under sub. (8) applies both to the agent or legal representative and to the member or person dissociated as a member.

183.0410(7) (7) Subject to s. 183.0504, the rights under this section do not extend to a person as transferee.

183.0410(8) (8) In addition to any restriction or condition stated in its operating agreement, a limited liability company, as a matter within the ordinary course of its activities and affairs, may impose reasonable restrictions and conditions on access to and use of information to be furnished under this section, including designating information confidential and imposing nondisclosure and safeguarding obligations on the recipient. In a dispute concerning the reasonableness of a restriction under this subsection, the company has the burden of proving reasonableness.

183.0410 History History: 2021 a. 258.

subch. V of ch. 183 SUBCHAPTER V

TRANSFERABLE INTERESTS AND
RIGHTS OF TRANSFEREES
AND CREDITORS

183.0501 183.0501 Nature of transferable interest. A transferable interest is personal property.

183.0501 History History: 2021 a. 258.

183.0502 183.0502 Transfer of transferable interest.

183.0502(1) (1) Subject to s. 183.0503 (6), all of the following apply to a transfer, in whole or in part, of a transferable interest:

183.0502(1)(a) (a) It is permissible.

183.0502(1)(b) (b) It does not by itself cause a member’s dissociation or a dissolution and winding up of the limited liability company’s activities and affairs.

183.0502(1)(c) (c) Subject to s. 183.0504, it does not entitle the transferee to any of the following:

183.0502(1)(c)1. 1. Participate in the management or conduct of the company’s activities and affairs.

183.0502(1)(c)2. 2. Except as otherwise provided in sub. (3) and s. 183.0410 (3), have access to records or other information concerning the company’s activities and affairs.

183.0502(2) (2) A transferee has the right to receive, in accordance with the transfer, distributions to which the transferor would otherwise be entitled.

183.0502(3) (3) In a dissolution and winding up of a limited liability company, a transferee is entitled to an account of the company’s transactions only from the date of dissolution.

183.0502(4) (4) A transferable interest may be evidenced by a certificate of the interest issued by a limited liability company in a record, and, subject to this section, the interest represented by the certificate may be transferred by a transfer of the certificate.

183.0502(5) (5) A limited liability company need not give effect to a transferee’s rights under this section until the company knows or has notice of the transfer.

183.0502(6) (6) A transfer of a transferable interest in violation of a restriction on transfer contained in the operating agreement is ineffective if the intended transferee knows or has notice of the restriction at the time of the intended transfer.

183.0502(7) (7) Except as otherwise provided in s. 183.0602 (5) (b), if a member transfers a transferable interest and the transferee does not become a member with respect to the transferred interest, the transferor retains the rights of a member other than the interest in distributions transferred and retains all the duties and obligations of a member.

183.0502(8) (8) If a member transfers a transferable interest to a person that becomes a member with respect to the transferred interest, the transferee is liable for the member’s obligations under ss. 183.0403 and 183.0406 known to the transferee when the transferee becomes a member.

183.0502 History History: 2021 a. 258.

183.0503 183.0503 Charging order.

183.0503(1) (1) On application by a judgment creditor of a member or transferee, a court may enter a charging order against the transferable interest of the judgment debtor for the unsatisfied amount of the judgment. Except as otherwise provided in sub. (6), a charging order constitutes a lien on a judgment debtor’s transferable interest and requires the limited liability company to pay over to the person to which the charging order was issued any distribution that otherwise would be paid to the judgment debtor.

183.0503(2) (2) To the extent necessary to effectuate the collection of distributions pursuant to a charging order in effect under sub. (1), the court may do any of the following:

183.0503(2)(a) (a) Appoint a receiver of the distributions subject to the charging order, with the power to make all inquiries the judgment debtor might have made.

183.0503(2)(b) (b) Make all other orders necessary to give effect to the charging order.

183.0503(3) (3) Upon a showing that distributions under a charging order will not pay the judgment debt within a reasonable time, the court may foreclose the lien and order the sale of the transferable interest. Except as otherwise provided in sub. (6), the purchaser at the foreclosure sale obtains only the transferable interest, does not thereby become a member, and is subject to s. 183.0502.

183.0503(4) (4) At any time before foreclosure under sub. (3), the member or transferee whose transferable interest is subject to a charging order under sub. (1) may extinguish the charging order by satisfying the judgment and filing a certified copy of the satisfaction with the court that issued the charging order.

183.0503(5) (5) At any time before foreclosure under sub. (3), a limited liability company or one or more members whose transferable interests are not subject to the charging order may pay to the judgment creditor the full amount due under the judgment and thereby succeed to the rights of the judgment creditor, including the charging order.

183.0503(6) (6) If a court orders foreclosure of a charging order lien against the sole member of a limited liability company, all of the following apply:

183.0503(6)(a) (a) The court shall confirm the sale.

183.0503(6)(b) (b) The purchaser at the sale obtains the member’s entire interest, not only the member’s transferable interest.

183.0503(6)(c) (c) The purchaser thereby becomes a member.

183.0503(6)(d) (d) The person whose interest was subject to the foreclosed charging order is dissociated as a member.

183.0503(7) (7) This chapter does not deprive any member or transferee of the benefit of any exemption law applicable to the transferable interest of the member or transferee.

183.0503(8) (8) This section provides the exclusive remedy by which a person seeking to enforce a judgment against a member or transferee may, in the capacity of judgment creditor, satisfy the judgment from the judgment debtor’s transferable interest.

183.0503 History History: 2021 a. 258.

183.0504 183.0504 Power of legal representative of deceased member. If a member dies, the deceased member’s legal representative may exercise all of the following rights:

183.0504(1) (1) The rights of a transferee provided in s. 183.0502 (3).

183.0504(2) (2) For the purposes of settling the estate, the rights the deceased member had under s. 183.0410.

183.0504 History History: 2021 a. 258.

subch. VI of ch. 183 SUBCHAPTER VI

DISSOCIATION

183.0601 183.0601 Power to dissociate as member; wrongful dissociation.

183.0601(1) (1) A person has the power to dissociate as a member at any time, rightfully or wrongfully, by withdrawing as a member by express will under s. 183.0602 (1).

183.0601(2) (2) A person’s dissociation as a member is wrongful only if any of the following applies:

183.0601(2)(a) (a) The dissociation is in breach of an express provision of a written operating agreement.

183.0601(2)(b) (b) The dissociation occurs before completion of the winding up of the limited liability company and any of the following applies:

183.0601(2)(b)1. 1. The person is expelled as a member by judicial order under s. 183.0602 (6).

183.0601(2)(b)2. 2. The person is dissociated under s. 183.0602 (8).

183.0601(3) (3) A person that wrongfully dissociates as a member is liable to the limited liability company and, subject to s. 183.0801, to the other members for damages caused by the dissociation. The liability is in addition to any debt, obligation, or other liability of the member to the company or the other members.

183.0601 History History: 2021 a. 258.

183.0602 183.0602 Events causing dissociation. A person is dissociated as a member from a limited liability company when any of the following applies:

183.0602(1) (1) The limited liability company knows or has notice of the person’s express will to withdraw as a member, but, if the person has specified a withdrawal date later than the date the company knew or had notice, on that later date.

183.0602(2) (2) An event stated in the operating agreement as causing the person’s dissociation occurs.

183.0602(3) (3) The person’s entire interest is transferred in a foreclosure sale under s. 183.0503 (6).

183.0602(4) (4) The person is expelled as a member pursuant to the operating agreement.

183.0602(5) (5) The person is expelled as a member by the affirmative vote or consent of all the other members if any of the following applies:

183.0602(5)(a) (a) It is unlawful to carry on the limited liability company’s activities and affairs with the person as a member.

183.0602(5)(b) (b) There has been a transfer of all the person’s transferable interest in the company, other than a transfer for security purposes or the entry of a charging order that is in effect under s. 183.0503 and that has not been foreclosed.

183.0602(5)(c) (c) The person is an entity and all of the following apply:

183.0602(5)(c)1. 1. The company notifies the person that it will be expelled as a member because the person has filed a statement of dissolution or the equivalent, the person has been administratively dissolved, the person’s charter or the equivalent has been revoked, or the person’s right to conduct business has been suspended by the jurisdiction of the person’s governing law.

183.0602(5)(c)2. 2. The statement of dissolution or the equivalent has not been withdrawn, rescinded, or revoked, or the person’s charter or the equivalent or right to conduct business has not been reinstated, within 90 days after the notification under subd. 1.

183.0602(5)(d) (d) The person is an unincorporated entity that has been dissolved and whose activities and affairs are being wound up.

183.0602(6) (6) On application by the limited liability company or a member in a direct action under s. 183.0801, the person is expelled as a member by judicial order because any of the following applies:

183.0602(6)(a) (a) The person has engaged, or is engaging, in wrongful conduct that has adversely and materially affected, or will adversely and materially affect, the company’s activities and affairs.

183.0602(6)(b) (b) The person has willfully or persistently committed, or is willfully or persistently committing, a material breach of the operating agreement or the person’s duties or obligations under s. 183.0409.

183.0602(7) (7) In the case of an individual, any of the following applies:

183.0602(7)(a) (a) The individual dies.

183.0602(7)(b) (b) In a member-managed limited liability company, any of the following applies:

183.0602(7)(b)1. 1. A guardian or general conservator for the individual is appointed.

183.0602(7)(b)2. 2. A court orders that the individual has otherwise become incapable of performing the individual’s duties as a member under this chapter or the operating agreement.

183.0602(8) (8) In a member-managed limited liability company, any of the following applies:

183.0602(8)(a) (a) The person becomes a debtor in bankruptcy.

183.0602(8)(b) (b) The person signs an assignment for the benefit of creditors.

183.0602(8)(c) (c) The person seeks, consents to, or acquiesces in the appointment of a trustee, receiver, or liquidator of the person or of all or substantially all the person’s property.

183.0602(9) (9) In the case of a person that is a testamentary or living trust or is acting as a member by virtue of being a trustee of such a trust, the trust’s entire transferable interest in the limited liability company is distributed.

183.0602(10) (10) In the case of a person that is an estate or is acting as a member by virtue of being a personal representative of an estate, the estate’s entire transferable interest in the limited liability company is distributed.

183.0602(11) (11) In the case of a person that is not an individual, the existence of the person terminates.

183.0602(16) (16) The limited liability company dissolves and completes winding up.

183.0602 History History: 2021 a. 258.

183.0603 183.0603 Effect of dissociation.

183.0603(1) (1) If a person is dissociated as a member, all of the following apply: