Chapter 16

16.72(2)(b) (b) Except as provided in ss. 16.25 (4) (b), 16.751, and 565.25 (2) (a) 4., the department shall prepare or review specifications for all materials, supplies, equipment, other permanent personal property and contractual services not purchased under standard specifications. Such “nonstandard specifications” may be generic or performance specifications, or both, prepared to describe in detail the article which the state desires to purchase either by its physical properties or by its programmatic utility. When appropriate for such nonstandard items or services, trade names may be used to identify what the state requires, but wherever possible 2 or more trade names shall be designated and the trade name of any Wisconsin producer, distributor or supplier shall appear first.

16.72(2)(c) (c) To the extent possible, the department shall write specifications so as to permit the purchase of materials manufactured in the United States, as defined in s. 16.754 (1).

16.72(2)(e) (e) In writing the specifications under this subsection, the department and any other designated purchasing agent under s. 16.71 (1) shall incorporate requirements for the purchase of products made from recycled materials and recovered materials if their use is technically and economically feasible. Each authority other than the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics Authority and the Lower Fox River Remediation Authority, in writing specifications for purchasing by the authority, shall incorporate requirements for the purchase of products made from recycled materials and recovered materials if their use is technically and economically feasible. The specifications shall include requirements for the purchase of the following materials:

16.72(2)(e)1. 1. Paper and paper products.

16.72(2)(e)2. 2. Plastic and plastic products.

16.72(2)(e)3. 3. Glass and glass products.

16.72(2)(e)4. 4. Motor oil and lubricants.

16.72(2)(e)5. 5. Construction materials, including insulating materials.

16.72(2)(e)6. 6. Furnishings, including rugs, carpets and furniture.

16.72(2)(e)7. 7. Highway equipment, including signs, signposts, reflectors, guardrails, lane dividers and barricades.

16.72(2)(f) (f) In writing specifications under this subsection, the department, any other designated purchasing agent under s. 16.71 (1), and each authority other than the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics Authority and the Lower Fox River Remediation Authority shall incorporate requirements relating to the recyclability and ultimate disposition of products and, wherever possible, shall write the specifications so as to minimize the amount of solid waste generated by the state, consistent with the priorities established under s. 287.05 (12). All specifications under this subsection shall discourage the purchase of single-use, disposable products and require, whenever practical, the purchase of multiple-use, durable products.

16.72(4) (4) 

16.72(4)(a) (a) Except as provided in ss. 16.71 and 16.74 or as otherwise provided in this subchapter and the rules promulgated under s. 16.74 and this subchapter, all supplies, materials, equipment and contractual services shall be purchased for and furnished to any agency only upon requisition to the department. The department shall prescribe the form, contents, number and disposition of requisitions and shall promulgate rules as to time and manner of submitting such requisitions for processing. No agency or officer may engage any person to perform contractual services without the specific prior approval of the department for each such engagement. Purchases of supplies, materials, equipment or contractual services by the legislature, the courts or legislative service or judicial branch agencies do not require approval under this paragraph.

16.72(4)(b) (b) The department shall promulgate rules for the declaration as surplus of supplies, materials and equipment in any agency and for the transfer to other agencies or for the disposal by private or public sale of supplies, materials and equipment. Except as provided in s. 51.06 (6), in either case, the department shall deposit the net proceeds in the budget stabilization fund, except that the department shall transfer any supplies, materials or equipment declared to be surplus to the department of tourism, upon request of the department of tourism, at no cost, if the transfer is permitted by the agency having possession of the supplies, materials or equipment.

16.72(4m) (4m) The department shall provide the department of revenue with a copy of each contract for a major procurement, as defined in s. 565.01 (4), for the department of revenue.

16.72(5) (5) 

16.72(5)(a) (a) In this subsection, “materials” has the meaning given in s. 16.754 (1) (c).

16.72(5)(b) (b) The department and the historical society jointly shall promulgate rules identifying types of historically significant materials.

16.72(5)(c) (c) Before an agency may dispose of surplus materials that are of a type identified in rules promulgated under par. (b), the agency shall provide an opportunity for the historical society to inspect and obtain historically significant surplus materials for its collections. The historical society may not be required to compensate an agency for releasing historically significant surplus materials to the historical society under this paragraph.

16.72(8) (8) The department may purchase educational technology materials, supplies, equipment, or contractual services from orders placed with the department by school districts, cooperative educational service agencies, technical college districts, the board of regents of the University of Wisconsin System, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

16.72(9) (9) The department shall ensure that every agency includes on all stationery utilized by the agency for correspondence outside the agency at least one telephone number where the agency may be contacted, at least one facsimile transmission number for the agency, if the agency has such a number, and at least one electronic mail address for the agency, if the agency has such an address.

16.72 History History: 1975 c. 41; 1977 c. 418; 1981 c. 20, 350; 1983 a. 92; 1983 a. 333 ss. 3c, 3g, 3n; 3w; 1985 a. 29 ss. 122g, 3200 (1); 1985 a. 332; 1987 a. 119, 292; 1989 a. 31, 335; 1991 a. 39, 269; 1995 a. 27, 227; 1997 a. 27, 212; 1999 a. 9, 32, 105; 2001 a. 16; 2003 a. 33, 320; 2005 a. 74; 2007 a. 20; 2011 a. 32; 2013 a. 20 ss. 91c, 92c, 2365m, 9448.

16.72 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also chs. Adm 5 and 11, Wis. adm. code.

16.72 Annotation Computer programs may be sold as surplus provided the programs were not created for resale purposes. 59 Atty. Gen. 144.

16.73 16.73 Cooperative purchasing.

16.73(1) (1) The department may enter into an agreement with a municipality or group of municipalities, and municipalities may enter into agreements with each other, under which any of the parties may agree to participate in, administer, sponsor or conduct purchasing transactions under a joint contract for the purchase of materials, supplies, equipment, permanent personal property, miscellaneous capital or contractual services. This subsection does not apply to construction contracts that are subject to s. 16.855 or 66.0901.

16.73(2) (2) The department may purchase and store in warehouses articles that may be needed by agencies and municipalities. The department may sell stored articles to municipalities at cost.

16.73(3) (3) The department may, upon request, make available to municipalities technical purchasing information including, but not limited to, standard forms, manuals, product specifications and standards and contracts or published summaries of contracts, including price and delivery information.

16.73(4) (4) 

16.73(4)(a) (a) When it is in the best interest of the state and consistent with competitive purchasing practices, the department may enter into agreements with purchasing agents of any other state or the federal government under which any of the parties may agree to participate in, administer, sponsor or conduct purchasing of materials, supplies, equipment, permanent personal property, miscellaneous capital or contractual services. The state may purchase from any vendor selected as a result of such purchasing agreements. This paragraph does not apply to construction contracts that are subject to s. 16.855 or 66.0901.

16.73(4)(b) (b) The department may cooperate with purchasing agents and other interested parties of any other state or the federal government to develop uniform purchasing specifications under s. 16.72 (2) on a regional or national level to facilitate cooperative interstate purchasing transactions.

16.73(5) (5) The department or its agents may enter into an agreement with the University of Wisconsin System under which either of the parties may agree to participate in, administer, or conduct purchasing transactions under a contract for the purchase of materials, supplies, equipment, permanent personal property, miscellaneous capital, or contractual services.

16.73(6) (6) The department shall administer a program to facilitate purchases of large equipment that is needed by municipalities. The department shall purchase large equipment as a part of the program. The department may, by rule, prescribe requirements for participation in the program and for participation in specific purchases under the program.

16.73 History History: 1983 a. 27; 1985 a. 29 s. 3200 (1); 1989 a. 335; 1995 a. 27; 1999 a. 150 s. 672; 2001 a. 16; 2011 a. 32; 2013 a. 20 ss. 2365m, 9448; 2015 a. 55.

16.74 16.74 Legislative and judicial branch purchasing.

16.74(1) (1) All supplies, materials, equipment, permanent personal property and contractual services required within the legislative branch shall be purchased by the joint committee on legislative organization or by the house or legislative service agency utilizing the supplies, materials, equipment, property or services. All supplies, materials, equipment, permanent personal property and contractual services required within the judicial branch shall be purchased by the director of state courts or the judicial branch agency utilizing the supplies, materials, equipment, property or services.

16.74(2) (2) 

16.74(2)(a) (a) Requisitions for legislative branch purchases shall be signed by the cochairpersons of the joint committee on legislative organization or their designees for the legislature, by an individual designated by either house of the legislature for the house, or by the head of any legislative service agency, or the designee of that individual, for the legislative service agency. Requisitions for judicial branch purchases shall be signed by the director of state courts or by an individual designated by the director for the courts, or by the head of any judicial branch agency, or the designee of that individual, for the judicial branch agency.

16.74(2)(b) (b) Contracts for purchases by the senate or assembly shall be signed by an individual designated by the organization committee of the house making the purchase. Contracts for other legislative branch purchases shall be signed by an individual designated by the joint committee on legislative organization. Contracts for purchases by the judicial commission or judicial council shall be signed by an individual designated by the commission or council, respectively. Contracts for other judicial branch purchases shall be signed by an individual designated by the director of state courts.

16.74(3) (3) Each legislative and judicial officer who is authorized to make purchases or engage services under this section may prescribe the form of requisitions or contracts for the purchases and engagements. Requisitions and contracts shall be maintained by the officer and shall be subject to inspection and copying under subch. II of ch. 19. No such requisition or contract need be filed with the department.

16.74(4) (4) Each legislative and judicial officer shall file all bills and statements for purchases and engagements made by the officer under this section with the secretary, who shall audit and authorize payment of all lawful bills and statements. No bill or statement for any purchase or engagement for the legislature, the courts or any legislative service or judicial branch agency may be paid until the bill or statement is approved by the requisitioning or contracting officer under sub. (2).

16.74(5) (5) The department, upon request, shall make recommendations and furnish assistance to the courts, to either house of the legislature or to any legislative service or judicial branch agency regarding purchasing procedure. The department, upon request, shall process requisitions for purchases submitted by the courts, the legislature or any legislative service or judicial branch agency and shall procure materials, supplies, equipment, property and services for the courts, the legislature and legislative service and judicial branch agencies in accordance with the purchasing procedure prescribed for executive branch agencies under this subchapter.

16.74(6) (6) All stationery and printing purchased under this section shall be procured from the lowest responsible bidder.

16.74 History History: 1985 a. 29.

16.74 Annotation Section 13.124 provides a quick, streamlined basis for the legislature’s leadership to obtain counsel for the legislature in “any action.” By contrast, this section allows each house of the legislature to obtain counsel as needed, irrespective of whether an action exists. Waity v. Lemahieu, 2022 WI 6, 400 Wis. 2d 356, 969 N.W.2d 263, 21-0802.

16.74 Annotation Sub. (1) explicitly permits each house of the legislature to purchase contractual services that are required within the legislative branch. The provision does not state that purchase of services must be tied to other physical property purchases. “Contractual services” includes the provision of legal services under contract. This section grants the legislature authority to enter into legal contracts to assist in redistricting and related litigation. Waity v. Lemahieu, 2022 WI 6, 400 Wis. 2d 356, 969 N.W.2d 263, 21-0802.

16.74 Annotation In this case, the Senate and Assembly Committees on Organization were designated by their respective houses to review and complete purchases for attorney services, and the committees approved the hiring of attorneys for redistricting and explicitly granted the senate majority leader and assembly speaker, respectively, authority to enter into contracts. Waity v. Lemahieu, 2022 WI 6, 400 Wis. 2d 356, 969 N.W.2d 263, 21-0802.

16.75 16.75 Buy on low bid, exceptions.

16.75(1) (1) 

16.75(1)(a) (a)

16.75(1)(a)1. 1. All orders awarded or contracts made by the department for all materials, supplies, equipment, and contractual services to be provided to any agency, except as otherwise provided in par. (c) and subs. (2), (2g), (2m), (3m), (3t), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10e), (10m), and (10p) and ss. 16.705 (1r), 16.73 (4) (a), 16.751, 16.754, 50.05 (7) (f), 153.05 (2m) (a), 165.987, and 287.15 (7), shall be awarded to the lowest responsible bidder, taking into consideration life cycle cost estimates under sub. (1m), when appropriate, the location of the agency, the quantities of the articles to be supplied, their conformity with the specifications, and the purposes for which they are required and the date of delivery.

16.75(1)(a)2. 2. If a vendor is not a Wisconsin producer, distributor, supplier or retailer and the department determines that the state, foreign nation or subdivision thereof in which the vendor is domiciled grants a preference to vendors domiciled in that state, nation or subdivision in making governmental purchases, the department and any agency making purchases under s. 16.74 shall give a preference over that vendor to Wisconsin producers, distributors, suppliers and retailers, if any, when awarding the order or contract. The department may enter into agreements with states, foreign nations and subdivisions thereof for the purpose of implementing this subdivision.

16.75(1)(a)3. 3. Bids may be received only in accordance with such specifications as are adopted by the department as provided in this subsection. Any or all bids may be rejected. Whenever sealed bids are invited, each bid, with the name of the bidder, shall be entered on a record, and each record with the successful bid indicated shall, after the award or letting of the contract, be opened to public inspection. Where a low bid is rejected, a complete written record shall be compiled and filed, giving the reason in full for such action. Any waiver of sealed, advertised bids as provided in sub. (2m) or (6) shall be entered on a record kept by the department and open to public inspection.

16.75(1)(b) (b)

16.75(1)(b)1. 1. Except as provided in subd. 2., when the estimated cost exceeds $50,000, the department shall solicit bids.

16.75(1)(b)2. 2. If the item being purchased is a sign, bids shall be solicited unless the estimated cost does not exceed $3,500.

16.75(1)(b)3. 3. If subd. 1. or 2. requires bids to be solicited, the department either shall solicit sealed bids to be opened publicly at a specified date and time, or shall solicit bidding by auction to be conducted electronically at a specified date and time. Whenever bids are invited, due notice inviting bids shall be published as a class 2 notice, under ch. 985 or posted on the Internet at a site determined or approved by the department. The bid opening or auction shall occur at least 7 days after the date of the last insertion of the notice or at least 7 days after the date of posting on the Internet. The notice shall specify whether sealed bids are invited or bids will be accepted by auction, and shall give a clear description of the materials, supplies, equipment, or contractual services to be purchased, the amount of any bond, share draft, check, or other draft to be submitted as surety with the bid or prior to the auction, and the date and time that the public opening or the auction will be held.

16.75(1)(c) (c) Except as provided in par. (b) 2. and sub. (7), when the estimated cost is $25,000 or less, the award may be made in accordance with simplified procedures established by the department for such transactions.

16.75(1)(cm) (cm) If bids are solicited by auction, the award may be made in accordance with simplified competitive procedures established by the department for such transactions.

16.75(1m) (1m) The department shall award each order or contract for materials, supplies or equipment on the basis of life cycle cost estimates, whenever such action is appropriate. Each authority other than the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics Authority, the Lower Fox River Remediation Authority, and the Wisconsin Aerospace Authority shall award each order or contract for materials, supplies or equipment on the basis of life cycle cost estimates, whenever such action is appropriate. The terms, conditions and evaluation criteria to be applied shall be incorporated in the solicitation of bids or proposals. The life cycle cost formula may include, but is not limited to, the applicable costs of energy efficiency, acquisition and conversion, money, transportation, warehousing and distribution, training, operation and maintenance and disposition or resale. The department shall prepare documents containing technical guidance for the development and use of life cycle cost estimates, and shall make the documents available to local governmental units.

16.75(1p) (1p) 

16.75(1p)(a) (a) In this subsection:

16.75(1p)(a)1. 1. “Agreement with a labor organization” means any agreement with a labor organization, including a collective bargaining agreement, a project labor agreement, or a community workforce agreement.

16.75(1p)(a)2. 2. “Bidder” means a person that is submitting a bid or a competitive sealed proposal or that is seeking an award under this section in a procedure established under sub. (1) (c).

16.75(1p)(a)3. 3. “Labor organization” has the meaning given in s. 5.02 (8m).

16.75(1p)(b) (b) The department may not do any of the following in a solicitation for bids or competitive sealed proposals or in a procedure established under sub. (1) (c):

16.75(1p)(b)1. 1. Require that a bidder enter into or adhere to an agreement with a labor organization.

16.75(1p)(b)2. 2. Consider as a factor in making an award under this section whether any bidder has or has not entered into an agreement with a labor organization.

16.75(1p)(b)3. 3. Require that a bidder enter into, adhere to, or enforce any agreement that requires, as a condition of employment, that the bidder or bidder’s employees become or remain members of, or be affiliated with, a labor organization or pay any dues, fees, assessments, or other charges or expenses of any kind or amount, or provide anything of value, to a labor organization or a labor organization’s health, welfare, retirement, or other benefit plan or program.

16.75(1p)(c) (c) Nothing in this subsection prohibits employers or employees from entering into agreements or engaging in any other activity protected by the National Labor Relations Act, 29 USC 151 to 169.

16.75(2) (2) 

16.75(2)(a) (a) When the department of administration believes that it is to the best interests of the state to purchase certain patented or proprietary articles, other than printing and stationery, it may purchase said articles without the usual statutory procedure but all equipment shall be purchased from the lowest and best bidder as determined by the bids and a comparison of any detailed specifications submitted with the bids, and after due notice, whenever notice is required under this section. Where the low bid or bids are rejected, a complete written record shall be compiled and filed, giving the reasons in full for such action.

16.75(2)(b) (b) When the department determines that utility services are available only from a sole source as a result of regulation or of a natural monopoly, these services may be obtained without compliance with the usual procedure under this section.

16.75(2g) (2g) 

16.75(2g)(a) (a) The purchasing authority under s. 16.71 (2) may make purchases for products of and goods for resale by prison industries, other than purchases of printing or stationery, without inviting bids and without accepting the lowest responsible bid.

16.75(2g)(b) (b) The purchasing authority shall notify the governor prior to any purchase under par. (a) which exceeds $15,000. The governor has 72 hours, excluding Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday, in which to veto any such purchase.

16.75(2g)(c) (c) No notice is required for purchases by prison industries under this subsection. All other purchasing rules and procedures apply to prison industries purchases.

16.75(2m) (2m) 

16.75(2m)(a) (a) Except as otherwise required by law, if the secretary or his or her designee determines that the use of competitive sealed bidding is not practicable or not advantageous to this state, the department may solicit competitive sealed proposals. Each request for competitive sealed proposals shall state the relative importance of price and other evaluation factors.

16.75(2m)(b) (b)

16.75(2m)(b)1. 1. Except as provided in subd. 2., when the estimated cost exceeds $25,000, the department may invite competitive sealed proposals.

16.75(2m)(b)2. 2. Competitive sealed proposals are not required if the estimated cost does not exceed $50,000.

16.75(2m)(b)3. 3. If competitive sealed proposals are invited, the department shall publish a class 2 notice under ch. 985 or post notice on the Internet at a site determined or approved by the department. The notice shall describe the materials, supplies, equipment, or contractual services to be purchased, the intent to make the procurement by solicitation of proposals rather than by solicitation of bids, any requirement for surety and the date the proposals will be opened, which shall be at least 7 days after the date of the last insertion of the notice or at least 7 days after the date of posting on the Internet.

16.75(2m)(c) (c) When the estimated cost is $25,000 or less, the department may award the order or contract in accordance with simplified procedures established by the department for such transactions.

16.75(2m)(d) (d) For purposes of clarification, the department may discuss the requirements of the proposed order or contract with any person who submits a proposal and shall permit any offerer to revise his or her proposal to ensure its responsiveness to those requirements.

16.75(2m)(e) (e) The department shall determine which proposals are reasonably apt to be awarded the order or contract and shall provide each offerer of such a proposal a fair and equal opportunity to discuss the proposal. The department may negotiate with each offerer in order to obtain terms that are advantageous to this state. Prior to the award of the order or contract, any offerer may revise his or her proposal. The department shall keep a written record of all meetings, conferences, oral presentations, discussions, negotiations and evaluations of proposals under this section.

16.75(2m)(f) (f) In opening, discussing and negotiating proposals, the department may not disclose any information that would reveal the terms of a competing proposal.

16.75(2m)(g) (g) After receiving each offerer’s best and final offer, the department shall determine which proposal is most advantageous and shall award the order or contract to the person who offered it. The department’s determination shall be based only on price and the other evaluation factors specified in the request for proposals. The department shall state in writing the reason for the award and shall place the statement in the contract file. This paragraph does not apply to procurements under s. 16.751.

16.75(2m)(h) (h) Following the award of the order or contract, the department shall prepare a register of all proposals.