Chapter 120

120.13(23) (23) Bonds for officers and employees. Require an officer or employee of the board to give security in such form and amount as the board determines, and may require at any time additional bonds and sureties of any officer or employee.

120.13(24) (24) Contracts with other governmental units. Participate and enter into contracts with school boards and other governmental units as provided under s. 120.25.

120.13(25) (25) Lease school property. In addition to any other authority, lease school sites, buildings, and equipment not needed for school purposes to any person for any lawful use at a reasonable rental if approved at an annual or special school district meeting.

120.13(26) (26) Contracts with private education services. Upon the approval of the state superintendent, contract with private education services for pupils who need concurrent education and treatment services, the educational portion of which is not available in the schools in which the pupils are enrolled. Private education services provided under this subsection may not include religious or sectarian teachings or instruction.

120.13(26m) (26m) Contracts with county children with disabilities education boards. Contract with a county children with disabilities education board for special education services. The costs of such services shall be included in the school district’s shared cost under s. 121.07 (6). This subsection applies beginning on the effective date of a resolution adopted under s. 115.817 (9) (c).

120.13(26r) (26r) Contracts for mental health and developmental disabilities services. Contract with the department of health services for services under s. 46.043.

120.13(27) (27) Transportation of persons who are not pupils.

120.13(27)(a) (a) Subject to par. (b), the school board may use or allow the use of school buses owned and operated by the school district to transport persons who are not pupils of the school district. School buses may be used by persons who are not pupils of the school district during school hours if such use does not interfere with the transportation of pupils of the school district. The school board shall charge a fee for use of the school buses under this subsection. The fee shall be an amount equal to the actual cost of transportation under this subsection, including but not limited to costs for depreciation, maintenance, insurance, fuel and compensation of vehicle operators. If the school board denies a written request for use of the school buses, the school board shall provide the requester a written statement of the basis for the denial within 14 days after the denial.

120.13(27)(b) (b) No school bus may be used to provide transportation under this subsection unless the vehicle is insured by a policy providing property damage coverage and bodily injury liability coverage for such transportation in the amounts specified in s. 121.53 (1).

120.13(27m) (27m) Transportation of indigent pupils. Provide transportation to and from school for indigent pupils who reside in the school district and who are not required to be transported under s. 121.54. In this subsection, “indigent pupils” means pupils who satisfy the income eligibility criteria for free lunches or reduced-price lunches under 42 USC 1758 (b) (1) or who are members of a Wisconsin works group, as defined in s. 49.141 (1) (s), with a member who is participating in Wisconsin works under s. 49.147 (3) to (5) or any combination thereof, as determined by the school board. If a school board determines to provide transportation under this subsection, there shall be reasonable uniformity in the transportation furnished such pupils whether they attend public or private schools. The cost of transporting pupils under this subsection may not be included in the school district’s shared cost under s. 121.07 (6) (a).

120.13(28) (28) Records custodian. On behalf of any school district authority as defined in s. 19.32 (1), including the school board, school district officers and any subunit of the school board or school district, designate one or more persons to be legal custodians of records.

120.13(29) (29) Borrowing. Borrow money and issue municipal obligations, as provided in chs. 24 and 67.

120.13(30) (30) Hunter education programs. May award 0.5 high school credit to a pupil who successfully completes while in the high school grades a course of instruction under the hunter education program or bow hunter education program under s. 29.591 or the trapper education program under s. 29.597. A school board may award credit to a pupil under this subsection for completion of only one program.

120.13(31) (31) School crossing guards. Upon the adoption of a resolution to do so and approval of the resolution by the governing bodies of all of the cities, villages and towns located in whole or in part within the school district, provide for the appointment of adult school crossing guards for the protection of persons who are crossing a highway in the vicinity of a school. The school crossing guards shall wear insignia or uniforms which designate them as school crossing guards and shall be equipped with signals or signs to direct traffic to stop at school crossings.

120.13(32) (32) School board orientation. Provide for the orientation and continuing education of school board members and persons who have been elected to the school board but have not yet taken office in the general duties and responsibilities of the school board and the school district, and pay for the actual and necessary expenses incurred.

120.13(33) (33) Spending authority. During the period between July 1 and the final adoption of a budget by the school board after the budget hearing under s. 65.90, spend money as needed to meet the immediate expenses of operating and maintaining the public instruction in the school district.

120.13(34) (34) Street trade and minor employment permit officer. Act as permit officer if designated under ss. 103.245 (1) (a) and 103.695 (1) (a).

120.13(35) (35) Presence in school buildings.

120.13(35)(a) (a) A school board may adopt rules applicable to persons who enter or remain in a building operated by the school board, including requirements that such persons identify themselves and sign in when entering or remaining in the building or any specified portion of the building and designating time periods during which such persons may enter or remain in the building or any portion of the building.

120.13(35)(b) (b)

120.13(35)(b)1. 1. Except as provided in subd. 2., any person entering or remaining in a building or portion of a building in violation of the school board’s rules is subject to a forfeiture of not more than $1,000. Any person entering or remaining in a building or portion of a building in violation of the school board’s rules under circumstances tending to create or provoke a breach of the peace may be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 90 days or both.

120.13(35)(b)2. 2. Subdivision 1. does not apply to pupils, parents of pupils, school district employees or officials or agents of a certified or recognized representative of school district employees who are included in a collective bargaining unit.

120.13(36) (36) Prekindergarten and kindergarten program agreements. Enter into an agreement with a licensed public or private nonsectarian child care center to lease space for prekindergarten or kindergarten programs offered by the school district or to place school district employees in child care centers to provide instruction in prekindergarten or kindergarten programs offered by the school district.

120.13(37) (37) Awarding high school diplomas to veterans.

120.13(37)(a) (a) Notwithstanding s. 118.33 (1) and (1m), award a high school diploma to a person who meets all of the following requirements:

120.13(37)(a)1. 1. Is at least 65 years old, or is at least 55 years old and has a service-connected disability.

120.13(37)(a)2. 2. Attended high school in the school district or attended high school in this state and resides in the school district.

120.13(37)(a)3. 3. Left high school before receiving a high school diploma to join the U.S. armed forces during a war period under s. 45.01 (13).

120.13(37)(a)4. 4. Served on active duty under honorable conditions in the U.S. armed forces or in forces incorporated as part of the U.S. armed forces.

120.13(37)(b) (b) Notwithstanding s. 118.33 (1m), award a high school diploma to a person who received a high school equivalency diploma under s. 115.29 (4) after serving on active duty under honorable conditions if the person meets the conditions of par. (a) 1. to 3.

120.13(37)(c) (c) Award, upon request, a high school diploma to a person who has died, but who, before dying, satisfied the conditions of par. (a) 2. to 4.

120.13(37m) (37m) Single-sex schools and courses. Operate one or more schools that enroll only one sex or provide one or more courses that enroll only one sex if the school board makes available to the opposite sex, under the same policies and criteria of admission, schools or courses that are comparable to each such school or course.

120.13(38) (38) Hunting in school forests. Allow hunting in its school forest, as defined in s. 26.39 (1) (a), except that the board may not allow hunting for a wild animal when there is not an open season for that animal on land adjacent to the school forest. This subsection does not affect the authority of the department of natural resources to remove a wild animal under s. 29.885 (2) (a).

120.13 History History: 1973 c. 94, 290; 1975 c. 115, 321; 1977 c. 206, 211, 418, 429; 1979 c. 20, 202, 221, 301, 355; 1981 c. 96, 314, 335; 1983 a. 27, 193, 207, 339, 370, 518, 538; 1985 a. 29 ss. 1725e to 1726m, 1731; 1985 a. 101, 135, 211; 1985 a. 218 ss. 12, 13, 22; 1985 a. 332; 1987 a. 88, 187; 1989 a. 31, 201, 336, 359; 1991 a. 39, 226, 269; 1993 a. 16, 27, 284, 334, 399, 450, 481, 491; 1995 a. 27 ss. 4024, 9126 (19), 9145 (1); 1995 a. 29, 32, 33, 65, 75, 225, 235, 289, 439; 1997 a. 27, 155, 164, 191, 237, 335; 1999 a. 9, 19, 73, 83, 115, 128; 1999 a. 150 s. 672; 1999 a. 186; 2001 a. 38, 98, 103, 105; 2003 a. 254; 2005 a. 22, 194, 290, 346; 2005 a. 443 s. 265; 2007 a. 20 ss. 2738, 9121 (6) (a); 2007 a. 36, 70, 97; 2009 a. 14, 28, 76, 146, 185, 208, 218; 2011 a. 105, 162, 168, 258, 260; 2013 a. 186, 306; 2015 a. 55 ss. 3387p, 3389m to 3391c; 2017 a. 11, 30, 59; 2017 a. 364 s. 49; 2019 a. 9, 185; 2021 a. 9; 2023 a. 91; s. 35.17 correction in (1) (bm), (c) 2m.

120.13 Annotation A school board may issue a subpoena to compel the attendance of a witness at an expulsion hearing. Expulsion may be partially based on hearsay statements by school staff. Discussing due process. Racine Unified School District v. Thompson, 107 Wis. 2d 657, 321 N.W.2d 334 (Ct. App. 1982).

120.13 Annotation Neither sub. (1) (c) or (e) expressly or impliedly authorizes the state superintendent to review a challenged suspension when the superintendent reviews an expulsion decision under those provisions. Madison Metropolitan School District v. DPI, 199 Wis. 2d 1, 543 N.W.2d 843 (Ct. App. 1995), 94-0199.

120.13 Annotation Section 66.185 [now s. 66.0137] does not prohibit providing health insurance benefits to persons not listed in the statute if authority is granted by other statutes. This section and ss. 120.12 and 120.44, broadly construed as required by s. 118.001, grant broad powers, including that of providing insurance to persons not listed in this section. Pritchard v. Madison Metropolitan School District, 2001 WI App 62, 242 Wis. 2d 301, 625 N.W.2d 613, 00-0848.

120.13 Annotation The section (intro) expresses the legislature’s intent to give school boards broader powers and wide discretion in exercising its powers, but it does not mean that, when the legislature had previously authorized a board to take particular actions using specified procedures, the board has the authority to follow other procedures in taking those particular actions. While school boards have powers beyond those enumerated in subs. (1) to (37), they do not have the power to violate the provisions of subs. (1) to (37). Madison Metropolitan School District v. Burmaster, 2006 WI App 17, 288 Wis. 2d 771, 709 N.W.2d 73, 05-0875.

120.13 Annotation The only reasonable construction of sub. (1) (e) 3. is that, if a school district elects to have a hearing officer conduct an expulsion hearing, the district must comply with the procedures specified in that paragraph. Because sub. (1) (e) 3. provides for review by the board of a hearing officer’s decision only if the officer has ordered expulsion, the board does not have the authority to review and reverse the hearing officer’s decision not to order an expulsion. Madison Metropolitan School District v. Burmaster, 2006 WI App 17, 288 Wis. 2d 771, 709 N.W.2d 73, 05-0875.

120.13 Annotation The duties and powers under this section and ss. 118.001 and 120.12 (14) extend to individual teachers as employees of the school board. It would be absurd to require teachers to obtain special permission from the school board with respect to every detail of their teaching. Summer homework, particularly for an honors class for which students receive additional credit, fits comfortably within the range of what is reasonable and is not unconstitutional. Larson v. Burmaster, 2006 WI App 142, 295 Wis. 2d 333, 720 N.W.2d 134, 05-1433.

120.13 Annotation Together, this section and ss. 118.001 and 120.12 (1) provide that a school board has the power to do all things reasonable to promote the cause of education and the duty to care for, control, and manage the property and affairs of the school district, and courts are required to broadly construe such already broad powers and duties so as to authorize any school board action that is within the comprehensive meaning of the terms of such powers and duties, so long as the action is not prohibited by state or federal laws. The powers of a school board include the power to authorize a ban from district property of an individual whose presence on district property the board has determined would unnecessarily expose students to potentially dangerous behavior. Klosterman v. School District, 2022 WI App 54, 404 Wis. 2d 688, 981 N.W.2d 424, 20-2076.

120.13 Annotation Because of a lack of statutory authority, speech therapists may not supply services to students attending therapy sessions in parochial school buildings. 63 Atty. Gen. 8.

120.13 Annotation Students may have bus riding privileges suspended without being suspended or expelled from school. However, both public and private school students must be afforded due process under sub. (1) before such a suspension can take place. 63 Atty. Gen. 526.

120.13 Annotation School boards have the authority to enforce policies that mandate the manner, conditions, and content of police interviews with students on school premises during school hours. 81 Atty. Gen. 126.

120.13 Annotation Sub. (1) (f) does not allow a school board to deny enrollment to a pupil who is currently expelled either from an out-of-state public school district or from a private school. OAG 5-08.

120.13 Annotation Having established the right to an education, the state may not withdraw the right on grounds of misconduct absent fundamentally fair procedures to determine if misconduct occurred. Attendance by the student at expulsion deliberations is not mandatory; all that is required is that the student have the opportunity to attend and present the student’s case. Remer v. Burlington Area School District, 149 F. Supp. 2d 665 (2001).

120.13 Annotation Democracy in the Classroom: Due Process and School Discipline. Christensen. 58 MLR 705 (1975).

120.13 Annotation In Wisconsin Expulsions, We Don’t Have to Leave Children Behind. Kratochvil. 91 MLR 1213 (2008).

120.13 Annotation School Expulsions: Not all are Equal. Julien & Engel. Wis. Law. Oct. 2001.

120.13 Annotation Children in School: Student Discipline and the School-to-Prison Pipeline. Spitzer-Resnick. Wis. Law. Sept. 2014.

120.137 120.137 Long-term capital improvement trust fund.

120.137(1) (1) In this section, a “long-term capital improvement plan” is a capital improvement plan for at least a 10-year period.

120.137(2) (2) A school board that has approved a long-term capital improvement plan may create a long-term capital improvement trust fund for the purpose of financing the costs of the capital improvements included in the school board’s approved long-term capital improvement plan.

120.137(3) (3) 

120.137(3)(a) (a) A school board may not expend money deposited in a long-term capital improvement trust fund created under sub. (2) for a period of 5 years beginning on the date the trust fund is created.

120.137(3)(b) (b) After the 5-year period described in par. (a), a school board may make expenditures from a long-term capital improvement trust fund solely for the purposes described in the school board’s approved long-term capital improvement plan and may not transfer money from a long-term capital improvement trust fund to any other school district fund.

120.137 History History: 2013 a. 336.

120.14 120.14 Audit of school district accounts. In a common or union high school district:

120.14(1) (1) At the close of each fiscal year, the school board of each school district shall employ a licensed accountant to audit the school district accounts and certify the audit. The audit shall include information concerning the school district’s self-insurance plan under s. 66.0137 (4m) or 120.13 (2) (b), as specified by the commissioner of insurance, and information about expenditures for community programs and services under s. 120.13 (19). If required by the state superintendent under s. 115.28 (18), the audit shall include an audit of the number of pupils reported for membership purposes under s. 121.004 (5). The cost of the audit shall be paid from school district funds. Annually by September 15, the school district clerk shall file a financial audit statement with the state superintendent.

120.14(3) (3) The annual meeting may authorize and direct an audit of the school district accounts by a certified public accountant licensed or certified under ch. 442.

120.14(4) (4) The department shall establish by rule a standard contract and minimum standards for audits performed under this section.

120.14 History History: 1971 c. 108 ss. 5, 6; 1971 c. 125 s. 523; 1975 c. 224; 1977 c. 29; 1983 a. 27; 1983 a. 189 s. 329 (17m); 1985 a. 29; 1993 a. 16; 1995 a. 27 s. 9145 (1); 1997 a. 27; 2001 a. 16; 2013 a. 306; 2015 a. 55.

120.14 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also s. PI 14.03, Wis. adm. code.

120.15 120.15 School district president; duties. The school district president of a common or union high school district shall:

120.15(1) (1) Countersign all checks, share drafts or other drafts for disbursement of school district moneys.

120.15(2) (2) Defend on behalf of the school district all actions brought against the school district.

120.15(3) (3) Prosecute, when authorized by an annual meeting or the school board, actions brought by the school district.

120.15(4) (4) Prosecute an action for the recovery of any forfeiture incurred under chs. 115 to 121 in which the school district is interested. If the school district president has incurred the forfeiture, such action shall be prosecuted by the school district treasurer. Of the net sum recovered under such action, one-half shall be paid into the school district treasury and one-half to the county treasury for the benefit of the school fund.

120.15(5) (5) Act as chairperson of school board meetings and see that minutes of the meetings are properly recorded, approved and signed. In the absence of the president, the vice president or, in the case of a 3-member board, another school board member selected by the school board, shall act as chairperson of school board meetings.

120.15 History History: 1979 c. 89, 173; 1981 c. 20; 1983 a. 368.

120.16 120.16 School district treasurer; duties. The school district treasurer of a common or union high school district shall:

120.16(2) (2) Apply for, receive and sue for all money appropriated to or collected for the school district and disburse the same in accordance with this subsection and s. 66.0607. Disbursements from the school district treasury shall be made by the school district treasurer upon the written order of the school district clerk after proper vouchers have been filed with the school district clerk. Such disbursements shall be by order check, share draft or other draft and no order check, share draft or other draft is valid nor may it be released to the payee unless signed by the school district clerk and school district treasurer and countersigned by the school district president. In a school district having 5 or more school board members, another school board member may countersign such order checks, share draft or other draft in lieu of the school district president. No order check, share draft or other draft may be drawn for the payment of which money has not been appropriated according to law. The school district treasurer may receive money raised in extracurricular activities. The school board may by resolution authorize the use of facsimile signatures as provided in s. 66.0607 (3). A certified copy of the resolution shall be filed with the school district clerk and each public depository concerned.

120.16(3) (3) Enter in the treasurer’s account books all money received and disbursed by the treasurer, specifying the source from which it was received, the person to whom it was paid and the object for which it was paid.

120.16(4) (4) Present to the annual meeting a written statement of all money received and disbursed by the treasurer during the preceding year.

120.16(5) (5) Immediately upon receipt, deposit the funds of the school district in the name of the school district in a public depository deposit designated by the school board under s. 120.12 (7). Failure to comply with this subsection shall be prima facie grounds for removal from office. When such funds are so deposited, the school district treasurer and his or her bonders are not liable for losses as defined in s. 34.01 (2). The interest derived from such funds shall be paid into the school district treasury.

120.16(6) (6) Withdraw funds of the school district deposited in savings or time deposits by written transfer order in accordance with this subsection and s. 66.0607. Written transfer orders may be executed only for the purpose of transferring deposits to an authorized deposit of the school district in the same or another authorized public depository. The transfer shall be made directly by the public depository from which the withdrawal is made. No transfer order is valid unless signed by the school district clerk and school district treasurer and countersigned by the school district president. In a school district having 5 or more school board members, another school board member may countersign transfer orders in lieu of the school district president. The school board may, by resolution, authorize the use of facsimile signatures as provided in s. 66.0607 (3). A certified copy of the resolution shall be filed with the school district clerk and each public depository concerned.

120.16 History History: 1973 c. 90; 1977 c. 29, 211; 1979 c. 318; 1981 c. 20; 1983 a. 189 s. 329 (21); 1983 a. 368, 1993 a. 492; 1999 a. 150 s. 672.

120.17 120.17 School district clerk; duties. The school district clerk of a common or union high school district shall:

120.17(1) (1) Report the name and post-office address of each officer of the school district, within 10 days after the election or appointment of the officer, to the clerk and treasurer of each municipality having territory within the school district.

120.17(2) (2) Act as clerk and record the proceedings of annual and special meetings.

120.17(3) (3) Enter in the record book provided by the school board the minutes of its meetings, orders, resolutions and other proceedings.

120.17(4) (4) Enter in the record book copies of all the school district clerk’s reports to the municipal clerks and the certificate of the proceedings of a meeting returned by a temporary school district clerk.

120.17(5) (5) Draw orders on the school district treasurer as directed by an annual or special meeting or the school board and record all orders drawn on the school district treasurer.

120.17(7) (7) Furnish each teacher with a copy of the contract between the teacher and the school board.

120.17(8) (8) 

120.17(8)(a) (a) Annually on or before November 10, deliver to the clerk of each municipality having territory within the school district a certified statement showing that proportion of the amount of taxes voted and not before reported, and that proportion of the amount of tax to be collected in such year, if any, for the annual payment of any loan to be assessed on that part of the school district territory lying within the municipality. Such proportion shall be determined from the full values certified to the school district clerk under s. 121.06 (2).

120.17(8)(bm) (bm) If the equalized valuation of that part of a municipality lying within a school district is reduced due to the removal of property from the tax roll because the imposition of the property tax on that property is found unconstitutional, the school district clerk shall notify the supervisor of equalization. The supervisor of equalization shall reduce the equalized valuation by the full value of the property so removed and certify the resulting equalized valuation to the state superintendent and the school district clerk for use in computing the tax levy certifications under this subsection. Corrections may be made under this paragraph only for the valuations used by the department for the last 2 school years.

120.17(8)(c) (c) If an order of school district reorganization under ch. 117 is effective after January 1 and before July 1 of any year, the school district clerks of the school districts affected shall prepare the statement under par. (a) based on the equalized valuation of the school districts as altered by the order and related to the equalized valuation of the year upon which the tax levy is required to be made. If the school district clerk has filed the statement prior to the effective date of the order, the clerk shall file a corrected certification which shall be accepted by the clerks of the municipalities affected and acted upon by them as provided in par. (a). Failure of the school district clerk to file a corrected certification of the levy based on the equalized valuation of each of the municipalities or portions thereof within the school district shall be corrected by the school district clerk by an appropriate adjustment in the levy certified in the following year.

120.17(9) (9) Within 5 days after receipt of notification from the school board of the name of a new school, notify the proper postmaster of the name and location of the school and the number of the school district. If a school is not located on a mail route, the school district clerk shall furnish the postmaster with the names of persons to whom the mail for the school may be delivered. The school board may rent a lock box at school district expense for each school not on a mail route. The school district clerk shall notify the postmaster of school vacations and shall direct what disposition shall be made of the school mail during vacations.