Chapter 114

114.09(1)(a)1. 1. “Drug” has the meaning specified in s. 450.01 (10).

114.09(1)(a)2. 2. “Prohibited alcohol concentration” means an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or more if there is no passenger in the aircraft, more than 0.00 if there is a passenger in the aircraft.

114.09(1)(b) (b)

114.09(1)(b)1. 1. No person may operate an aircraft in the air or on the ground or water while under the influence of intoxicating liquor or controlled substances or controlled substance analogs under ch. 961 or a combination thereof, under the influence of any other drug to a degree which renders him or her incapable of safely operating an aircraft, or under the combined influence of intoxicating liquor and any other drug to a degree which renders him or her incapable of safely operating an aircraft.

114.09(1)(b)1m. 1m. No person may operate an aircraft in the air or on the ground if the person has a prohibited alcohol concentration.

114.09(1)(b)2. 2. No person may operate an aircraft in the air or on the ground or water in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another. In determining whether the operation was careless or reckless the court shall consider the standards for safe operation of aircraft prescribed by federal statutes or regulations governing aeronautics.

114.09(1)(b)3. 3. The court shall make a written report of all convictions, including bail or appearance money forfeitures, obtained under this section to the department, which shall send the report to the proper federal agency.

114.09(2) (2) 

114.09(2)(a) (a) Any person violating sub. (1) (b) 1. or 1m.:

114.09(2)(a)1. 1. Shall forfeit not less than $150 nor more than $300, except as provided in subds. 6. and 7.

114.09(2)(a)2. 2. Except as provided in subd. 6., shall be fined not less than $350 nor more than $1,100 and imprisoned for not less than 5 days nor more than 6 months if the number of convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person’s lifetime, plus the total number of suspensions, revocations, and other convictions counted under s. 343.307 (1) within a 10-year period, equals 2, except that suspensions, revocations, or convictions arising out of the same incident or occurrence shall be counted as one.

114.09(2)(a)3. 3. Except as provided in subds. 6. and 7., shall be fined not less than $600 nor more than $2,000 and imprisoned for not less than 30 days nor more than one year in the county jail if the number of convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person’s lifetime, plus the total number of suspensions, revocations, and other convictions counted under s. 343.307 (1), equals 3, except that suspensions, revocations, or convictions arising out of the same incident or occurrence shall be counted as one.

114.09(2)(a)4. 4. Except as provided in subds. 6. and 7., shall be fined not less than $600 nor more than $2,000 and imprisoned for not less than 60 days nor more than one year in the county jail if the number of convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person’s lifetime, plus the total number of suspensions, revocations, and other convictions counted under s. 343.307 (1), equals 4, except that suspensions, revocations, or convictions arising out of the same incident or occurrence shall be counted as one.

114.09(2)(a)5. 5. Except as provided in subds. 6. and 7., is guilty of a Class H felony and shall be fined not less than $600 and imprisoned for not less than 6 months if the number of convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person’s lifetime, plus the total number of suspensions, revocations, and other convictions counted under s. 343.307 (1), equals 5 or more, except that suspensions, revocations, or convictions arising out of the same incident or occurrence shall be counted as one.

114.09(2)(a)6. 6. If there was a minor passenger under 16 years of age in the aircraft at the time of the violation that gave rise to the conviction under sub. (1) (b) 1. or 1m., the applicable minimum and maximum forfeitures, fines, or imprisonment under subd. 1., 2., 3., 4., or 5. for the conviction are doubled. An offense under sub. (1) (b) 1. or 1m., that subjects a person to a penalty under subd. 3., 4., or 5. when there is a minor passenger under 16 years of age in the aircraft is a felony and the place of imprisonment shall be determined under s. 973.02.

114.09(2)(a)7. 7.

114.09(2)(a)7.a. a. If a person convicted had an alcohol concentration of 0.17 to 0.199, the applicable minimum and maximum fines under subd. 3. to 5. are doubled.

114.09(2)(a)7.b. b. If a person convicted had an alcohol concentration of 0.20 to 0.249, the applicable minimum and maximum fines under subd. 3. to 5. are tripled.

114.09(2)(a)7.c. c. If a person convicted had an alcohol concentration of 0.25 or above, the applicable minimum and maximum fines under subd. 3. to 5. are quadrupled.

114.09(2)(b) (b) In par. (a) 1. to 5., the time period shall be measured from the dates of the refusals or violations that resulted in the revocation or convictions. If a person has a suspension, revocation, or conviction for any offense under a local ordinance or a state statute of another state that would be counted under s. 343.307 (1), that suspension, revocation or conviction shall count as a prior suspension, revocation, or conviction under par. (a) 1. to 5.

114.09(2)(bm) (bm)

114.09(2)(bm)1. 1. Except as provided in subd. 1. a. or b., the court shall order the person violating sub. (1) (b) 1. or 1m. to submit to and comply with an assessment by an approved public treatment facility as defined in s. 51.45 (2) (c) for examination of the person’s use of alcohol, controlled substances, or controlled substance analogs and development of an airman safety plan for the person. The court shall notify the person, the department, and the proper federal agency of the assessment order. The assessment order shall:

114.09(2)(bm)1.a. a. If the person is a resident, refer the person to an approved public treatment facility in the county in which the person resides. The facility named in the order may provide for assessment of the person in another approved public treatment facility. The order shall provide that, if the person is temporarily residing in another state, the facility named in the order may refer the person to an appropriate treatment facility in that state for assessment and development of an airman safety plan for the person satisfying the requirements of that state.

114.09(2)(bm)1.b. b. If the person is a nonresident, refer the person to an approved public treatment facility in this state. The order shall provide that the facility named in the order may refer the person to an appropriate treatment facility in the state in which the person resides for assessment and development of an airman safety plan for the person satisfying the requirements of that state.

114.09(2)(bm)1.c. c. Require a person who is referred to a treatment facility in another state under subd. 1. a. or b. to furnish the department written verification of his or her compliance from the agency that administers the assessment and airman safety plan program. The person shall provide initial verification of compliance within 60 days after the date of his or her conviction. The requirement to furnish verification of compliance may be satisfied by receipt by the department of such verification from the agency that administers the assessment and airman safety plan program.

114.09(2)(bm)2. 2. The department of health services shall establish standards for assessment procedures and the airman safety plan programs by rule. The department of health services shall establish by rule conflict of interest guidelines for providers.

114.09(2)(bm)3. 3. Prior to developing a plan that specifies treatment, the facility shall make a finding that treatment is necessary and appropriate services are available. The facility shall submit a report of the assessment and the airman safety plan within 14 days to the county department under s. 51.42, the plan provider, the department of transportation, the appropriate federal agency, and the person, except that, upon request by the facility and the person, the county department may extend the period for assessment for not more than 20 additional workdays. The county department shall notify the department of transportation regarding any such extension.

114.09(2)(bm)4. 4. The assessment report shall order compliance with an airman safety plan. The report shall inform the person of the fee provisions under s. 46.03 (18) (f). The safety plan may include a component that makes the person aware of the effect of his or her offense on a victim and a victim’s family. The safety plan may include treatment for the person’s misuse, abuse, or dependence on alcohol, controlled substances, or controlled substance analogs. If the plan requires inpatient treatment, the treatment shall not exceed 30 days. An airman safety plan under this paragraph shall include a termination date consistent with the plan that shall not extend beyond one year. The county department under s. 51.42 shall assure notification of the department of transportation and the person of the person’s compliance or noncompliance with assessment and treatment.

114.09(2)(c) (c) Any person violating sub. (1) (b) 2.:

114.09(2)(c)1. 1. May be required to forfeit not less than $25 nor more than $200, except as provided in subd. 2.

114.09(2)(c)2. 2. May be fined not less than $50 nor more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than one year in the county jail or both if the total of convictions under sub. (1) (b) 2. equals 2 or more in a 4-year period. The 4-year period shall be measured from the dates of the violations that resulted in the convictions.

114.09 History History: 1971 c. 192, 219, 307; 1977 c. 29 s. 1654 (5); 1983 a. 459; 1985 a. 146 s. 8; 1995 a. 448; 2007 a. 20 ss. 2665g to 2665r, 9121 (6) (a).

114.095 114.095 Dropping objects prohibited. No operator of an aircraft and no passenger therein shall drop any object therefrom except loose water or loose sand ballast; provided, however, that this section shall not prohibit the dusting or spraying of vegetation with insecticides dropped from airplanes, or the sowing of seeds, or the depositing of fish in lakes or streams, or the delivery of packages or mail by dropping from airplanes, or other similar practices, when such is done in accordance with the federal regulations applicable thereto.

114.10 114.10 Killing birds or animals. Any person who, while in flight within this state, intentionally kills or attempts to kill any birds or animals or who shoots at any bird or animal from an aircraft is subject to the penalties provided under s. 29.971 (7).

114.10 History History: 1981 c. 243; 1997 a. 248.

114.103 114.103 Private security personnel; report to a law enforcement authority.

114.103(1) (1) In this section:

114.103(1)(a) (a) “Controlled substance” has the meaning given in s. 961.01 (4).

114.103(1)(am) (am) “Controlled substance analog” has the meaning given in s. 961.01 (4m).

114.103(1)(b) (b) “Law enforcement officer” has the meaning given in s. 165.85 (2) (c).

114.103(1)(c) (c) “Private security person” has the meaning given in s. 440.26 (1m), but does not include any law enforcement officer.

114.103(2) (2) 

114.103(2)(a) (a) If any private security person acting in the course of his or her employment at an airport believes, on the basis of personal observation, that someone possesses a controlled substance or a controlled substance analog, without a prescription or an authorization for that possession, or possesses $10,000 or more in cash or that a shipment contains a controlled substance or controlled substance analog or $10,000 or more in cash, the private security person shall report, as soon as practicable and by telephone or in person, to the county sheriff’s office or the police department of the municipality in which the airport is located.

114.103(2)(b) (b) A report under par. (a) shall contain all of the following information, unless the information is unobtainable by the person making the report:

114.103(2)(b)1. 1. The name, business address and business telephone number of the person submitting the report.

114.103(2)(b)2. 2. The name, address and telephone number of any person who is the subject of the report.

114.103(2)(b)3. 3. The date, time and location of the conduct or shipment that is the subject of the report.

114.103(2)(b)4. 4. A description of the conduct or shipment being reported, including personal observations and all other factors leading to the reporter’s conclusion that the conduct or shipment has occurred.

114.103(3) (3) Any private security person who violates sub. (2) may be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 30 days or both.

114.103 History History: 1991 a. 269; 1995 a. 448, 461; 2021 a. 238 s. 44.

114.105 114.105 Local regulation.

114.105(1) (1) In this section:

114.105(1)(a) (a) “Drone” means an aircraft operated without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft.

114.105(1)(b) (b) “Political subdivision” means a city, village, town, or county.

114.105(2) (2) A political subdivision may adopt any ordinance in strict conformity with the provisions of this chapter and impose the same penalty for violation of any of its provisions except that an ordinance under this subsection may not provide for the suspension or revocation of pilot or aircraft licenses or certificates.

114.105(3) (3) A political subdivision may enact an ordinance limiting the use of drones by the political subdivision.

114.105(4) (4) 

114.105(4)(a) (a) No political subdivision may enact any ordinance governing aircraft or aeronautics or spacecraft or astronautics contrary to or inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter or federal law.

114.105(4)(b) (b) Except as provided in sub. (3), no political subdivision may regulate the ownership or operation of a drone.

114.105 History History: 1983 a. 151; 2005 a. 335; 2017 a. 322.

114.11 114.11 Local airports and spaceports; interstate reciprocity.

114.11(1) (1) The governing body of any county, city, village or town in this state is hereby authorized to acquire, establish, construct, own, control, lease, equip, improve, maintain and operate airports or landing fields or landing and take-off strips for the use of airplanes and other aircraft, or spaceports or spacecraft launch or landing areas, either within or without the limits of such counties, cities, villages and towns, and may use for such purpose or purposes any property suitable therefor that is now or may at any time hereafter be owned or controlled by such county, city, village or town, and may regulate the same, provided, such regulation shall not be in conflict with such rules and regulations as may be made by the federal government. The governing body of each and every county and municipality owning an airport or landing field or landing and take-off strip, or spaceport or spacecraft launch or landing area, in the state of Wisconsin shall cause the surroundings of such airport, landing field or landing and take-off strip, or spaceport or spacecraft launch or landing area, to be marked for aeronautical or astronautical purposes, and maintain such marking, subject to and in accordance with law and such rules and regulations as may from time to time be made by the federal government and in so doing may cooperate with other states and subdivisions thereof and acquire rights and easements in property outside of the state.

114.11(2) (2) The governing body of any county, city, village or town of this state is authorized to acquire, establish, construct, own, control, lease, equip, improve, maintain and operate airports or landing fields or landing and take-off strips or other aeronautical facilities, or spaceports or spacecraft launch or landing areas or other astronautical facilities, in an adjoining state whose laws permit, subject to the laws of such state, but subject to the laws of this state in all matters relating to financing such aeronautical or astronautical project.

114.11(3) (3) The governing body of any municipality or other political subdivision of an adjoining state whose laws permit, is hereby authorized to acquire, establish, construct, own, control, lease, equip, improve, maintain and operate airports, or landing fields, or landing and take-off strips or other aeronautical facilities, or spaceports or spacecraft launch or landing areas or other astronautical facilities, in this state, subject to all laws, rules and regulations of this state applicable to its municipalities or other political subdivisions in such aeronautical or astronautical project, but subject to the laws of its own state in all matters relating to financing such project. Such municipality or other political subdivision of an adjoining state shall have all privileges, rights and duties of like municipalities or other political subdivisions of this state, including the right to exercise the right of eminent domain. This subsection shall not apply unless the laws of such adjoining state shall permit municipalities or other political subdivisions of this state to acquire, establish, construct, own, control, lease, equip, improve, maintain, operate and otherwise control such airport, landing field or landing and take-off strips or other aeronautical facilities, or spaceports or spacecraft launch or landing areas or other astronautical facilities, therein with all privileges, rights and duties applicable to the municipalities or other political subdivisions of such adjoining state in such aeronautical or astronautical projects.

114.11(4) (4) The governing body of any county, city, village or town is authorized to appropriate money to any town, city, village or other county, for the operation, improvement or acquisition of an airport or spaceport by such town, city, village or other county or any combination of such municipalities.

114.11(5) (5) The governing body of any county, city, village or town in this state may, together with any municipality or other political subdivision of an adjoining state if, under the laws of that state, such municipality or other political subdivision is similarly authorized, jointly sponsor an airport or spaceport project located in this state or in the adjoining state.

114.11(5)(a) (a) If the project is located in this state, the secretary of transportation shall act as agent on behalf of the joint sponsors. If the project is located in the adjoining state, the proper public official or agency of that state shall act as agent on behalf of the joint sponsors.

114.11(5)(b) (b) All matters relating to financing of the joint project shall be governed by the laws of the jurisdiction which furnishes the specific moneys. All other matters relating to the joint project shall be governed by the laws of the state in which the project is located.

114.11 History History: 1973 c. 148; 2005 a. 335.

114.12 114.12 Condemnation of lands for airports and spaceports. Any lands acquired, owned, controlled or occupied by such counties, cities, villages and towns for the purposes enumerated in s. 114.11 shall and are hereby declared to be acquired, owned, controlled and occupied for a public purpose, and as a matter of public necessity, and such cities, villages, towns or counties shall have the right to acquire property for such purpose or purposes under the power of eminent domain as and for a public necessity including property owned by other municipal corporations and political subdivisions and including any street, highway, park, parkway or alley, provided that no state trunk highway shall be so acquired without the prior consent of the department. Whenever the county, city, village or town as the case may be shall own all land or access rights on both sides of such street, highway, park, parkway or alley, it may, within the limits where it has ownership or access rights on both sides, notwithstanding any other provisions of law, vacate and close such public way by resolution of the governing body of the county, city, village or town acquiring it and no damages shall be assessed against such county, city, village or town by reason of such closing, except as may be allowed in a particular condemnation action where the lands or rights in lands necessary for such airport or spaceport are so acquired. If such closing shall leave any part of such street, highway, parkway or alley without access to another public street or highway, the county, town, city or village effecting such closing shall immediately provide such access at its expense.

114.12 History History: 1977 c. 29 s. 1654 (8) (a); 2005 a. 335.

114.13 114.13 Purchase of land for airports and spaceports. Private property needed by a county, city, village or town for an airport or landing field or landing and take-off strip, or for a spaceport or spacecraft launch or landing area, or property or rights for the protection of the aerial approaches thereof, shall be acquired by purchase if the city, village, town or county is able to agree with the owners on the terms thereof, and otherwise by condemnation, as provided in s. 32.05. The purchase price or award for real property acquired for an airport or landing field or landing and take-off strip, or for a spaceport or spacecraft launch or landing area, or property or rights for the protection of the aerial approaches thereof, may be paid for the appropriation of moneys available therefor, or wholly or partly from the proceeds of the sale of bonds of the city, village, town or county, as the governing body of such city, village, town or county determines, subject to ch. 67. Such property or rights may be acquired by gift, which the respective governing bodies are authorized to accept.

114.13 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. Trans 54, Wis. adm. code.

114.13 History History: 2005 a. 335.

114.134 114.134 Airport and spaceport standards and approval.

114.134(1) (1) Public airport and spaceport information. No person shall operate an airport or spaceport within this state that is open to the general public unless effective runway and landing strip lengths are properly reported, published and marked in accordance with applicable federal aviation regulations and federal obstruction standards.

114.134(2) (2) Traverse way clearance. No person shall operate an airport or spaceport within this state unless all runways and landing strips are so located that approaching and departing aircraft or spacecraft clear all public roads, highways, railroads, waterways or other traverse ways by a height which complies with applicable federal standards.

114.134(3) (3) Airport and spaceport site approval. No person shall construct or otherwise establish a new airport or spaceport or activate an airport or spaceport within this state unless the secretary of transportation issues a certificate of approval for the location of the proposed airport or spaceport. No charge shall be made for application or approval. The secretary may issue a certificate of approval if the secretary determines that the location of the proposed airport or spaceport is compatible with existing and planned transportation facilities in the area.

114.134(4) (4) Public hearings, notice and review.

114.134(4)(a) (a) The secretary may hold a public hearing before the issuance of a certificate of approval.

114.134(4)(b) (b) The secretary shall grant a hearing at the request of any applicant after any refusal to issue a certificate. Upon receipt of a request for hearing, the matter shall be referred to the division of hearings and appeals which shall hear and decide the matter.

114.134(4)(c) (c) At least 15 days before the date of the hearing a class 1 notice of any public hearing shall be published, under ch. 985, in the official state newspaper and in a paper of general circulation printed and published near the location of the proposed airport or spaceport.

114.134(4)(d) (d) Any order or decision of the secretary or division of hearings and appeals is subject to review under ch. 227.

114.134(5) (5) Penalty. Each day on which any person violates any provision of this section shall be considered a separate violation in determining penalties under s. 114.27.

114.134 History History: 1973 c. 242; 1977 c. 29; 1981 c. 347 s. 80 (2); 1993 a. 16, 492; 2005 a. 335.

114.134 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. Trans 57, Wis. adm. code.

114.135 114.135 Airport and spaceport protection. It is declared to be in the public interest that the navigable airspace over the state and the aerial approaches to any airport or spaceport be maintained in a condition best suited for the safe operation of aircraft or spacecraft and to that end the bulk, height, location and use of any building or structure, or any other object, and the use of land, may be regulated, or any building, structure or other object may be removed. It is the legislative intent that this section shall not supersede s. 59.69 (4), but that it shall be supplemental to such section.

114.135(1) (1) Procedure to obtain protection privileges. The aerial approaches to any airport or spaceport owned and operated by corporations organized to provide aeronautic or astronautic facilities to the general public may be protected in the following manner: The owner of the airport or spaceport shall prepare and record with the register of deeds plans and specifications showing the land affected, the owner of each parcel or interest therein, whether public or private, the regulations to be imposed on each parcel and the structures, buildings or other objects to be removed. The owner or managing body of the airport or spaceport may negotiate and acquire from the owners of the various parcels or interest therein, whether public or private, by deeds the protection privileges shown by the plans and specifications. Referring in the deed to the plans and specifications, and briefly describing the plans and specifications, shall be considered sufficient legal description to convey the protection privileges set forth in the plans and specifications in the property of the grantor. In case the owner of the airport or spaceport is unable to obtain by negotiation the desired protection privileges, he or she may acquire the protection privileges by eminent domain in the manner set forth in ch. 32, except as to lands and buildings of railway companies that are necessary to, or are used in connection with the operation of the railway. In case the protection privileges sought extend into more than one county the plans and specifications shall be recorded with the register of deeds of each county. In case any parcel of land lies in more than one county, eminent domain proceedings may be instituted in the circuit court of any county in which the parcel is situated, provided a certified copy of the final judgment with a description of the property involved is recorded with the register of deeds of all counties in which the parcel of land or interest therein lies.

114.135(2) (2) Notice; claim for damages. In case of any airport landing field or landing and take-off strip, or spaceport or spacecraft launch or landing area, owned by any city, village, town, or county or any union of them, the commission or other body in charge of the operation and control of the airport, landing field or landing and take-off strip, or spaceport or spacecraft launch or landing area, may prepare and record without charge with the register of deeds plans and specifications showing the protection privileges sought as described in sub. (1). The commission or other body in charge shall send by registered mail with return receipt to each owner at his or her last-known address a notice stating that the plans and specifications have been recorded with the register of deeds’ office, stating the county, time of recording, the record number, and a brief description of the parcel of land or interest therein affected. If the address of the owner cannot be ascertained or the registered letter is returned unclaimed, notice shall be sent by registered mail to the person in possession of the premises. If no person is in possession, then the notice shall be posted in a conspicuous place on the land involved and published as a class 3 notice, under ch. 985, in the area affected. The right of the owner to claim for damages for the protection regulations imposed in the plans and specifications, or the removal of obstructions shall be forever barred, unless the owner files a claim for damages with the commission or other body in charge within 6 months from the receipt of the notice from the commission, or other body in charge, or the posting and last publication. The claim shall be verified and shall state the amount of damages claimed. The commission or other body in charge may pay the damages, if it has available funds, and the payment shall operate as a conveyance. If no claims for payment are filed or if payment is made, the commission or other body in charge shall file an affidavit for each parcel involved setting forth the rights acquired which shall be recorded by the register of deeds without charge and when so recorded has the same effect as any recorded instrument. If any owner is a minor or is adjudicated incompetent, the notice may be sent by registered mail to the owner’s guardian, if he or she has one, and if there is none the circuit court of the county in which the land, or a larger part, is located shall upon application of the commission or other body in charge appoint a guardian to receive the notice, and to protect the rights of the owner. Any funds payable to the owner shall be cared for in the manner provided in ch. 54. If the commission or other body in charge determines that the damages claimed are excessive, it shall so report to the governing body that established the airport, landing field or landing and take-off strip, or spaceport or spacecraft launch or landing area, in question and with its consent may acquire in the name of the governmental body the protection privilege desired in the manner set forth in sub. (1) or it may deposit with the county clerk an award and notify the owner of the land involved in the method specified in this subsection. The landowner may accept the award without prejudice to his or her right to claim and contest for a greater sum. The landowner may, within a period of 6 months after notice of the award, proceed as provided in ch. 32 to have the damages appraised.