SB774: Bill Text

If DNR finds a discernable path of contamination, DNR must continue to extend the boundary of the proposed PFAS management zone and testing region in one-mile increments in the direction of the path of contamination until it can no longer find five positive tests for PFOA and PFOS in the testing region. If DNR finds a discernable path of contamination, DNR must also consider removing from the proposed PFAS management zone any areas that are not in the path of contamination and that either do not contain positive tests or that contain minimal evidence of contamination. DNR must also consider removing areas from the proposed PFAS management zone based on several listed factors, including hydrogeological considerations, likely sources of contamination, and physical boundaries such as public roadways.

The bill requires DNR, when testing for PFAS, to require testing to be done in soil and sediment, groundwater, surface water, drinking water, biosolids, and, if applicable, fish and wildlife tissue. DNR must use any testing data to advise in any PFAS-related permanent rules. The bill also requires any sampling to be conducted by DNR or by a third party with whom DNR contracts. Any testing must be conducted by the State Laboratory of Hygiene or a laboratory accredited for PFAS testing by DNR.

After it determines the boundaries of a proposed PFAS management zone, DNR must hold a public meeting to provide information about contaminants and their possible sources and effects. If, after the public meeting, DNR determines that a PFAS management zone should be established, DNR must establish the final management zone within 30 days after the meeting. The bill exempts DNR's creation of a PFAS management zone from the rule-making process.

Under the bill, a designation of a PFAS management zone expires one year after any emergency rules relating to testing in a PFAS management zone expire.

Requirements within PFAS management zones

The bill requires DNR to establish, by emergency rule, requirements for public water systems that draw water from groundwater or surface water within a PFAS management zone to test their water for PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFHpA, PFNA, and PFBS and to submit the results of testing to DNR. The bill provides that such rules may not create a standard for PFAS contained in drinking water in a PFAS management zone, although testing results may be used to inform future actions.

In addition, the bill requires DNR to establish emergency rules requiring the testing of any biosolids from a publicly owned treatment works if the biosolids are spread in a PFAS management zone or, for a publicly owned treatment works that has any part of its service area in a PFAS management zone, if the biosolids are to be moved off-site. The bill provides that such rules may not create a standard for PFAS contained in biosolids that are spread in a PFAS management zone, although testing results may be used to inform future actions.

Notification and reporting

The bill requires DNR to establish an Internet site for each PFAS management zone, and to include specific information on those sites. The bill also requires DNR to notify any local, county, or tribal governments within an initial or established PFAS management zone when DNR finds the first initial positive test, when DNR establishes a PFAS management zone, and when DNR establishes an Internet site for the zone.

In addition, under the bill, DNR must report to the legislature on the boundaries and method for establishing the PFAS management zones, the results of PFAS testing in PFAS management zones, plans for addressing PFAS contamination, and the technical and economic feasibility of complying with PFAS standards.

Grant and loan priorities

The bill changes the existing well compensation grant program, the safe drinking water loan program, and the clean water fund program to give priority to projects addressing PFAS contamination in PFAS management zones.

PFAS advisory committee

Finally, the bill requires DNR to establish an advisory committee to advise DNR on the promulgation of permanent rules relating to PFAS. The committee must include members of groups likely to be affected by such rules.

For further information see the state and local fiscal estimate, which will be printed as an appendix to this bill.

The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows:

SB774,1 Section 1. 227.01 (13) (yv) of the statutes is created to read:

SB774,3,3 227.01 (13) (yv) Determines the boundaries of a PFAS management zone under s. 281.18 (3).

SB774,2 Section 2. 281.18 of the statutes is created to read:

SB774,3,5 281.18 PFAS management zones. (1) Definitions. In this section:

SB774,4,3 (a) “Discernable path of contamination” means the path that PFAS contamination takes from its source, such as down a river or with the flow of the groundwater table.

SB774,4,5 (b) “Drinking water” means surface water or groundwater used as a source of public or private drinking water, as determined by the department.

SB774,4,6 (c) “PFAS” means a perfluoroalkyl substance or polyfluoroalkyl substance.

SB774,4,7 (d) “PFBS” means perfluorobutane sulfonic acid.

SB774,4,8 (e) “PFHpA” means perfluoroheptanoic acid.

SB774,4,9 (f) “PFHxS” means perfluorohexane sulfonic acid.

SB774,4,10 (g) “PFNA” means perfluorononanoic acid.

SB774,4,11 (h) “PFOA” means perfluorooctanoic acid.

SB774,4,12 (i) “PFOS” means perfluorooctanesulfonic acid.

SB774,4,14 (j) “Positive test” means a test of a drinking water sample that shows levels of PFOA and PFOS in excess of 70 parts per trillion.

SB774,5,2 (2) Purpose. The purpose of this section is to define geographical areas in this state that are characterized by elevated levels of PFOA and PFOS in surface water or groundwater that is used as a source for public or private drinking water. The purpose of PFAS management zones is to provide guidelines that target areas of the state most affected by PFAS contamination to, in the short-term, protect public health and welfare and, in the long-term, research the best methods and most economically and technically feasible outcomes for implementing statewide standards, for performing cleanup measures, including soil and sediment remediation, and for properly disposing of contaminants. The department shall use the information gathered from these zones to inform future actions, including rule making and other administrative actions. The PFAS management zones shall also be used to identify the path of contamination to inform future actions.

SB774,5,4 (3) Establishing PFAS management zones. A PFAS management zone shall be established using the following method:

SB774,5,6 (a) The area within a one-mile radius of a positive test is the maximum boundary of the initial PFAS management zone.

SB774,5,9 (b) The area within one mile of the boundary of an initial PFAS management zone is the testing region. The department may conduct testing and research relating to PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, PFBS, and PFHpA within a testing region.

SB774,5,13 (c) If 5 positive tests are found in a testing region, the maximum boundary of an initial PFAS management zone expands to include the testing region. The area within one mile of the boundary of this expanded PFAS management zone becomes a new testing region.

SB774,5,16 (d) The department may continue to expand the maximum boundary of a proposed PFAS management zone and testing region in one-mile increments until it can no longer find 5 positive tests in a testing region.

SB774,5,20 (e) If the department finds a discernable path of contamination, the department shall continue to extend the boundary of the proposed PFAS management zone and testing region in one-mile increments in the direction of the path of contamination until it can no longer find 5 positive tests in the testing region.

SB774,5,24 (f) If the department finds a discernable path of contamination, the department shall consider removing from the proposed PFAS management zone any areas that are not in the path of contamination and that either do not contain positive tests or that contain minimal evidence of contamination.

SB774,6,2 (g) The department shall consider removing from the proposed PFAS management zone other areas based on the following factors:

SB774,6,5 1. Hydrogeological considerations, including soil characteristics, depth to groundwater, groundwater gradients, and flow direction, based on positive test locations.

SB774,6,7 2. The geographic extent of the PFAS contamination and mobility of the contaminants, based on positive test locations.

SB774,6,8 3. Likely sources of PFAS contamination.

SB774,6,9 4. Reliability of sampling data and frequency of PFAS detections in samples.

SB774,6,10 5. Present and anticipated uses of surface or groundwater.

SB774,6,12 6. Legal land description boundaries, including political and property boundaries.

SB774,6,13 7. Public roads or other physical boundaries.

SB774,6,14 8. Any other factors the department determines are relevant.

SB774,6,21 (h) The department shall hold a public meeting after determining the boundaries of the proposed PFAS management zone. The public meeting shall be held not more than 30 days before establishing a final PFAS management zone. At the meeting, the department shall provide information about the PFAS contaminants within the proposed PFAS management zone, any known sources of the contaminants, any known effects on drinking water, and any anticipated steps the department plans to take to address the contamination.

SB774,6,25 (i) If, after holding the public meeting under par. (h), the department determines that a PFAS management zone should be established, the department shall establish the final PFAS management zone within 30 days after holding the public meeting, based on the factors outlined in this subsection.

SB774,7,2 (j) For administrative purposes, PFAS management zones that overlap may be considered to be a single, merged PFAS management zone.

SB774,7,6 (4) Emergency rules for treatment works and public water systems. (a) No later than 9 months after the effective date of this paragraph .... [LRB inserts date], the department shall, using the procedure under s. 227.24, promulgate emergency rules to establish the following:

SB774,7,12 1. Requirements for public water systems that draw water from groundwater or surface water within a PFAS management zone to test their water for PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFHpA, PFNA, and PFBS and to submit the results to the department. Emergency rules promulgated under this subdivision may not create a standard for PFAS contained in drinking water in a PFAS management zone, although testing results may be used to inform future actions.

SB774,7,22 2. Requirements for testing biosolids from a publicly owned treatment works if the biosolids are spread in a PFAS management zone or, for a publicly owned treatment works that has any part of its service area in a PFAS management zone, if the biosolids are to be moved off-site. If a publicly owned treatment works that has any part of its service area in a PFAS management zone moves biosolids off-site and spreads biosolids in a PFAS management zone, the requirements established under this subdivision may require testing for only one of these actions, not both. Emergency rules promulgated under this subdivision may not create a standard for PFAS contained in biosolids that are spread in a PFAS management zone, although testing results may be used to inform future actions.

SB774,8,8 (b) Notwithstanding s. 227.24 (1) (a) and (3), the department is not required to provide evidence that promulgating a rule under this subsection as an emergency rule is necessary for the preservation of the public peace, health, safety, or welfare and is not required to provide a finding of emergency for a rule promulgated under this subsection. Notwithstanding s. 227.24 (1) (c) and (2), emergency rules promulgated under this subsection remain in effect for 3 years after the effective date of this paragraph .... [LRB inserts date], or the date on which permanent rules take effect, whichever is sooner. Notwithstanding s. 227.24 (1) (e) 1d. and 1g., for emergency rules promulgated under this subsection, the department is not required to prepare a statement of scope of the rules or to submit the proposed rules in final draft form to the governor for approval.

SB774,8,15 (5) Testing; use of results. The department shall require testing to be conducted by an entity under sub. (6) for PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFHpA, PFNA, and PFBS in soil and sediment, including lake and river bed sediment; groundwater; surface water; drinking water; biosolids; and fish and wildlife tissue, as applicable. The department may cause testing to be conducted in other media if the department determines that doing so is a priority. Data collected through testing shall be used to advise permanent rule making that seeks to regulate PFAS.

SB774,8,21 (6) Collection and testing; authorized entities. The collection of samples for PFAS testing conducted under this section shall follow commonly accepted PFAS collection protocols and shall be completed by the department or a 3rd party contracted by the department. Any testing conducted under this section shall be completed by the state laboratory of hygiene or a laboratory accredited for PFAS testing by the department.

SB774,8,24 (7) Internet site. The department shall establish an Internet site for each PFAS management zone. The department shall include the following information on each Internet site:

SB774,8,25 (a) The geographic boundaries of the PFAS management zone.

SB774,9,3 (b) Information on how the PFAS management zone was established, including information on any expansions or reductions of the initial zone and the department's rationale for these decisions.

SB774,9,5 (c) Results from PFAS testing in the PFAS management zone conducted under sub. (3) or (5).

SB774,9,7 (d) Directions for private well owners who wish to test their own water, including protocols and laboratories for this testing.

SB774,9,10 (e) Health risks associated with the overconsumption of PFAS and measures the public may take to reduce the health risks of PFAS exposure, as provided by the department of health services.

SB774,9,11 (f) Any other information that the department determines to be relevant.

SB774,9,14 (8) Notification. The department shall notify any local, county, or tribal governments within an initial or established PFAS management zone upon each of the following occurrences:

SB774,9,15 (a) The department finds the first initial positive test under sub. (3) (a).

SB774,9,16 (b) The department establishes the zone under sub. (3) (i).

SB774,9,17 (c) The department establishes an Internet site for the zone under sub. (7).

SB774,9,25 (9) Report. Not later than one year after the effective date of this subsection .... [LRB inserts date], and annually for 4 years thereafter, the department shall submit a report to the joint committee on rules and regulations and to the chief clerk of each house of the legislature for distribution to the appropriate standing committees under s. 13.172 (3) having jurisdiction over matters relating to natural resources. The report shall include the geographic boundaries of each PFAS management zone in effect; information on how the PFAS management zones were established, including information on any expansions or reductions of the initial zone and the department's rationale for these decisions; a summary of results from testing in PFAS management zones; plans for addressing PFAS contamination in PFAS management zones; the technical and economic feasibility of compliance with PFAS standards; and any other information deemed relevant by the department.

SB774,10,6 (10) Dissolution. A PFAS management zone established under sub. (3) shall dissolve one year after any emergency rules established under sub. (4) expire.

SB774,3 Section 3. 281.58 (7) (b) 1. of the statutes is renumbered 281.58 (7) (b) 1r.

SB774,4 Section 4. 281.58 (7) (b) 1g. of the statutes is created to read:

SB774,10,11 281.58 (7) (b) 1g. Projects in or near a PFAS management zone established under s. 281.18 (3) that the department determines are necessary to address contamination by perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substances.

SB774,5 Section 5. 281.58 (8e) (a) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB774,10,14 281.58 (8e) (a) The type of project and the order in which it is listed under sub. (7) (b) 1. 1g. to 6., to the extent allowable under federal law.

SB774,6 Section 6. 281.58 (12) (a) 1. (intro.) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB774,10,18 281.58 (12) (a) 1. (intro.) Except as modified under par. (f) and except as restricted by sub. (8) (b), (c), (f) or (h), the interest rate for projects specified in sub. (7) (b) 1. 1g. to 5. is one of the following:

SB774,7 Section 7. 281.61 (6) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB774,11,8 281.61 (6) Priority list. The department shall establish a priority list that ranks each safe drinking water loan program project. The department shall promulgate rules for determining project rankings that, to the extent possible, give priority to projects that address the most serious risks to human health, that are necessary to ensure compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 USC 300f to 300j-26, and that assist applicants that are most in need on a per household basis, according to affordability criteria specified in the rules. For the purpose of ranking projects under this subsection, the department shall treat a project to upgrade a public water system to provide continuous disinfection of the water that it distributes as if the public water system were a surface water system that federal law requires to provide continuous disinfection. In establishing a priority list under this subsection, the department shall, to the extent possible, give priority to projects that address contamination by perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substances in PFAS management zones established under s. 281.18 (3).

SB774,8 Section 8. 281.75 (1) (b) 1m. of the statutes is created to read:

SB774,11,11 281.75 (1) (b) 1m. In a PFAS management zone established under s. 281.18 (3), produces water containing a detectable amount of PFOA or PFOS.

SB774,9 Section 9. 281.75 (5) (f) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB774,11,22 281.75 (5) (f) The In allocating money for the payment of claims under this section, the department shall prioritize completed claims that are based on the type of contamination defined under sub. (1) (b) 1m. and, for these claims, shall allocate money for the payment of claims according to the level of contamination, with the highest levels of contamination receiving payment first. For all other claims, the department shall allocate money for the payment of claims according to the order in which completed claims are received. The department may conditionally approve a completed claim even if the appropriation under s. 20.370 (6) (cr) is insufficient to pay the claim. The department shall allocate money for the payment of a claim which is conditionally approved as soon as funds become available.

SB774,10 Section 10. 281.75 (6) (a) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB774,12,2 281.75 (6) (a) Contamination of a private water supply, as defined under sub. (1) (b) 1., 1m., or 2., is required to be established by analysis of at least 2 samples of water, taken at least 2 weeks apart, in a manner which assures the validity of the test results. The samples shall be tested by a laboratory certified under s. 299.11.

SB774,11 Section 11. 281.75 (11) (b) 2. of the statutes is amended to read:

SB774,12,7 281.75 (11) (b) 2. An award may be issued for water treatment only if the contamination cannot be remedied by reconstruction or replacement of the private water supply, or connection to another water supply is not feasible. This subdivision does not apply to contamination defined under sub. (1) (b) 1m.

SB774,12 Section 12. Nonstatutory provisions.