Tax 2.49(4)(b)2.a.
a. The proportion of use of a motor vehicle or rolling stock in this state is determined by multiplying the gross receipts from the lease, rental, licensing, or sublease of the motor vehicle or rolling stock by a fraction having as a numerator the number of miles traveled within this state by the motor vehicle or rolling stock while leased, rented, licensed, or subleased in the taxable year and having as a denominator the total number of miles traveled by the motor vehicle or rolling stock while leased, rented, licensed, or subleased in the taxable year.
Tax 2.49(4)(b)2.b.
b. The proportion of use of an aircraft in this state is determined by multiplying the gross receipts from the lease, rental, licensing, or sublease of the aircraft by a fraction having as a numerator the number of takeoffs and landings of the aircraft in this state while leased, rented, licensed, or subleased in the taxable year and having as a denominator the total number of takeoffs and landings of the aircraft while leased, rented, licensed, or subleased in the taxable year.
Tax 2.49(4)(b)2.c.
c. The proportion of use of a vessel or mobile equipment in this state is determined by multiplying the gross receipts from the lease, rental, licensing, or sublease of the vessel or mobile equipment by a fraction having as a numerator the number of days that the vessel or mobile equipment is in this state while leased, rented, licensed, or subleased in the taxable year and having as a denominator the total number of days that the vessel or mobile equipment is leased, rented, licensed, or subleased in the taxable year.
Tax 2.49(4)(b)2.d.
d. If the taxpayer is unable to determine the use of moving property under subd.
2. a.,
b., or
c. while the property is leased, rented, licensed, or subleased in the taxable year, the moving property is conclusively deemed to be used in the state in which the property is located at the time that the lessee, renter, licensee, or sublessee takes possession of the property.
Tax 2.49(4)(c)
(c)
Gross interest and other fees from loans secured by real property. Tax 2.49(4)(c)1.1. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross interest, fees, points, charges, and penalties from loans secured by real property if the real property securing the loan is located in this state. If the real property securing the loan is located in both this state and one or more other states or foreign countries, the gross interest, fees, points, charges, and penalties shall be divided among those states or foreign countries having jurisdiction to impose an income tax or franchise tax measured by net income on the taxpayer in proportion to the fair market value of the real property securing the loan located in each state or foreign country.
Tax 2.49(4)(c)2.
2. The determination of whether the real property securing a loan is located in this state shall be made at the time the original agreement was made and for each subsequent taxable year.
Tax 2.49(4)(d)
(d)
Gross interest and other fees from loans secured by tangible personal property. Tax 2.49(4)(d)1.
1. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross interest, fees, points, charges, and penalties from loans secured by tangible personal property if the tangible personal property securing the loan is located in this state as described in par.
(b). If the tangible personal property securing the loan is located in both this state and one or more other states or foreign countries, the gross interest, fees, points, charges, and penalties shall be divided among those states or foreign countries having jurisdiction to impose an income tax or franchise tax measured by net income on the taxpayer in proportion to the fair market value of the tangible personal property securing the loan located in each state or foreign country.
Tax 2.49(4)(d)2.
2. The determination of whether the tangible personal property securing a loan is located in this state shall be made at the time the original agreement was made and for each subsequent taxable year.
Tax 2.49(4)(e)
(e)
Gross interest and other fees from loans not secured by real or tangible personal property. The numerator of the receipts factor includes interest, fees, points, charges, and penalties from loans that are not secured by real or tangible personal property if the loan borrower is located in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(f)
(f)
Net gains from the sale of loans. The numerator of the receipts factor includes net gains from the sale of loans, determined as follows:
Tax 2.49(4)(f)1.
1. The amount of net gains, but not less than zero, from the sale of loans secured by real property located in this state. If the real property securing the loan is located in both this state and one or more other states or foreign countries, the net gain shall be divided among those states or foreign countries having jurisdiction to impose an income tax or franchise tax measured by net income on the taxpayer in proportion to the fair market value of the real property securing the loan located in each state or foreign country.
Tax 2.49(4)(f)2.
2. The amount of net gains, but not less than zero, from the sale of loans secured by tangible personal property located in this state as described in par.
(b). If the tangible personal property securing the loan is located in both this state and one or more other states or foreign countries, the net gain shall be divided among those states or foreign countries having jurisdiction to impose an income tax or franchise tax measured by net income on the taxpayer in proportion to the fair market value of the tangible personal property securing the loan located in each state or foreign country.
Tax 2.49(4)(f)3.
3. The amount of net gains, but not less than zero, from the sale of loans not secured by real or tangible personal property if the loan borrower is located in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(g)
(g)
Gross receipts from credit card receivables. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross interest, fees, points, charges, and penalties from credit card receivables and gross receipts from annual fees and other fees charged to credit card holders if the billing address of the credit card holder is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(h)
(h)
Net gains from the sale of credit card receivables. The numerator of the receipts factor includes net gains, but not less than zero, from the sale of credit card receivables if the billing address of the credit card holder is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(i)
(i)
Credit card issuer's reimbursement fees. The numerator of the receipts factor includes the taxpayer's credit card issuer's reimbursement fees if the billing address of the credit card holder is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(j)
(j)
Gross receipts from merchant discount. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross receipts from merchant discount if the merchant's trade or business is located in this state. If the merchant's trade or business is located in and outside this state, the numerator includes only receipts from merchant discounts on sales made in this state. If the location of a sale cannot be determined, the numerator includes the merchant discount on the sale if the merchant's commercial domicile is in this state. The receipts shall be computed net of any credit card holder charge backs but may not be reduced by any interchange transaction fees or by any issuer's reimbursement fees paid to another for charges made by its credit card holders.
Tax 2.49(4)(k)1.1. The numerator of the receipts factor includes loan servicing fees derived from loans owned by the taxpayer or another person, including servicing participations, and secured by real property located in this state. If the real property securing the loan is located in both this state and one or more other states or foreign countries, the loan servicing fees shall be divided among those states or foreign countries having jurisdiction to impose an income tax or franchise tax measured by net income on the taxpayer in proportion to the fair market value of the real property securing the loan located in each state or foreign country. If the location of the real property securing the loan cannot be determined, the numerator includes the loan servicing fees if the loan borrower or guarantor of the loan is located in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(k)2.
2. The numerator of the receipts factor includes loan servicing fees derived from loans owned by the taxpayer or another person, including servicing participations, and secured by tangible personal property located in this state as described in par.
(b). If the tangible personal property securing the loan is located in both this state and one or more other states or foreign countries, the loan servicing fees shall be divided among those states or foreign countries having jurisdiction to impose an income tax or franchise tax measured by net income on the taxpayer in proportion to the fair market value of the tangible personal property securing the loan located in each state or foreign country. If the location of the tangible personal property securing the loan cannot be determined, the numerator includes the loan servicing fees if the loan borrower or guarantor of the loan is located in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(k)3.
3. The numerator of the receipts factor includes loan servicing fees derived from loans owned by the taxpayer or another person, including servicing participations, and not secured by real or tangible personal property if the loan borrower or guarantor of the loan is located in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(L)
(L)
Gross receipts from travelers checks, cashiers checks, certified checks, and money orders. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross fees or other charges for the issuance of travelers checks, cashiers checks, certified checks, and money orders if the checks or money orders are purchased in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(m)
(m)
Gross receipts from automated teller machines. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross receipts from the usage of automated teller machines located in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(n)
(n)
Gross receipts from safety deposit boxes. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross receipts from the rental of safety deposit boxes if the boxes are located in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(o)
(o)
Gross receipts from maintaining accounts. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross receipts from the maintenance of accounts, including but not limited to service charges for maintaining accounts, overdraft charges, charges for copies of statements and checks, and fees for account reconciliation, if either of the following applies:
Tax 2.49(4)(o)1.
1. The service is provided to an account holder that is not engaged in a trade or business, and the account holder's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(o)2.
2. The service is provided to an account holder that is engaged in a trade or business, the account holder maintains a regular place of business in this state, and the service received relates to the business in this state. If the account holder receives the service in more than one state or the state in which the service is received cannot be determined, the service is received in this state if the account holder, in the regular course of the account holder's business, ordered the service from an office in this state. If the ordering office cannot be determined, the services are received in this state if the account holder's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(p)
(p)
Gross receipts from electronic funds transfer. The numerator of the receipts factor includes electronic funds transfer fees if either of the following applies:
Tax 2.49(4)(p)1.
1. The service is provided to a customer that is not engaged in a trade or business, and the customer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(p)2.
2. The service is provided to a customer that is engaged in a trade or business, the customer maintains a regular place of business in this state, and the service received relates to the business in this state. If the customer receives the service in more than one state or the state in which the service is received cannot be determined, the service is received in this state if the customer, in the regular course of the customer's business, ordered the service from an office in this state. If the ordering office cannot be determined, the services are received in this state if the customer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(q)
(q)
Gross receipts from cash management services. The numerator of the receipts factor includes the gross amount of any fees or charges generated from cash management services, including but not limited to lockbox services, depository transfer checks, and payables management, if the service is provided to a customer that is engaged in a trade or business, the customer maintains a regular place of business in this state, and the service received relates to the business in this state. If the customer receives the service in more than one state or the state in which the service is received cannot be determined, the service is received in this state if the customer, in the regular course of the customer's business, ordered the service from an office in this state. If the ordering office cannot be determined, the services are received in this state if the customer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(r)
(r)
Gross receipts from international trade services. The numerator of the receipts factor includes the gross receipts from international trade services, including but not limited to letters of credit and bankers acceptance notes, if the service is provided to a customer that is engaged in a trade or business, the customer maintains a regular place of business in this state, and the service received relates to the business in this state. If the customer receives the service in more than one state or the state in which the service is received cannot be determined, the service is received in this state if the customer, in the regular course of the customer's business, ordered the service from an office in this state. If the ordering office cannot be determined, the services are received in this state if the customer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(s)
(s)
Gross receipts from data processing services, document imaging services, and microfilming services. The numerator of the receipts factor includes the gross receipts from data processing services, document imaging services, and microfilming services if the service is provided to a customer that is engaged in a trade or business, the customer maintains a regular place of business in this state, and the service received relates to the business in this state. If the customer receives the service in more than one state or the state in which the service is received cannot be determined, the service is received in this state if the customer, in the regular course of the customer's business, ordered the service from an office in this state. If the ordering office cannot be determined, the services are received in this state if the customer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(t)
(t)
Gross receipts from research services. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross receipts from research services if either of the following applies:
Tax 2.49(4)(t)1.
1. The service is provided to a customer that is not engaged in a trade or business, and the customer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(t)2.
2. The service is provided to a customer that is engaged in a trade or business, the customer maintains a regular place of business in this state, and the service received relates to the business in this state. If the customer receives the service in more than one state or the state in which the service is received cannot be determined, the service is received in this state if the customer, in the regular course of the customer's business, ordered the service from an office in this state. If the ordering office cannot be determined, the services are received in this state if the customer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(u)
(u)
Gross receipts from trust services. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross receipts from trust services if either of the following applies:
Tax 2.49(4)(u)1.
1. The service is provided to a customer that is not engaged in a trade or business, and the customer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(u)2.
2. The service is provided to a customer that is engaged in a trade or business, the customer maintains a regular place of business in this state, and the service received relates to the business in this state. If the customer receives the service in more than one state or the state in which the service is received cannot be determined, the service is received in this state if the customer, in the regular course of the customer's business, ordered the service from an office in this state. If the ordering office cannot be determined, the services are received in this state if the customer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(v)
(v)
Gross receipts from investment banking services. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross receipts, including commissions, management fees, or underwriting fees, earned from investment banking services if either of the following applies:
Tax 2.49(4)(v)1.
1. The issuer of the securities is not engaged in a trade or business, and the issuer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(v)2.
2. The issuer of the securities is engaged in a trade or business, the issuer of the securities maintains a regular place of business in this state, and the securities relate to that person's business in this state. If the securities relate to that person's regular place of business in more than one state, the receipts from the performance of the service are included in the numerator of the receipts factor according to the portion of the service received in this state. If the regular place of business to which the securities relate cannot be determined, the service is received in this state if the issuer of the securities, in the regular course of the issuer's business, ordered the service from an office in this state. If the ordering office cannot be determined, the service is received in this state if the issuer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(w)1.
1. The numerator of the receipts factor includes fees, commissions, margin interest, and other gross receipts from security brokerage services if the customer's billing address is in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(w)2.
2. The numerator of the receipts factor includes net gains, net of commissions, but not less than zero, from sales of trading assets if the customer's billing address is in this state. “Trading assets" include securities, commodities, and related financial instruments that a taxpayer acquires and holds for sale in its inventory account. The receipts factor does not include gross receipts or net gains from sales or other dispositions of investment assets.
Tax 2.49(4)(x)
(x)
Gross receipts from other services. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross receipts from services that are not described in pars.
(a) to
(w) if the purchaser of the service received the benefit of the service in this state under any of the following circumstances:
Tax 2.49(4)(x)1.
1. The benefit of a service is received in this state if any of the following applies:
Tax 2.49(4)(x)1.b.
b. The service relates to tangible personal property that is delivered directly or indirectly to customers in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(x)1.c.
c. The service is purchased by an individual who is physically present in this state at the time that the service is received.
Tax 2.49(4)(x)1.d.
d. The service is provided to a person engaged in a trade or business in this state and relates to that person's business in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(x)2.
2. If the purchaser of a service receives the benefit of a service in more than one state, the gross receipts from the performance of the service are included in the numerator of the receipts factor according to the portion of the service received in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(y)1.
1. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross receipts from the use of computer software if the purchaser or licensee uses the computer software at a location in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(y)2.
2. Computer software is used at a location in this state if the purchaser or licensee uses the computer software in the regular course of business operations in this state, for personal use in this state, or if the purchaser or licensee is an individual whose domicile is in this state. If the purchaser or licensee uses the computer software in more than one state, the gross receipts shall be divided among those states having jurisdiction to impose an income tax or franchise tax measured by net income on the taxpayer in proportion to the use of the computer software in those states. To determine computer software use in this state, the department may consider the number of users in each state where the computer software is used, the number of site licenses or workstations in this state, and any other factors that reflect the use of computer software in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(z)
(z)
Gross royalties and other gross receipts from intangibles. Tax 2.49(4)(z)1.1. The numerator of the receipts factor includes gross royalties and other gross receipts received for the use of intangible property if the user, purchaser, or licensee uses the intangible property at a location in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(z)2.
2. Intangible property is used at a location in this state if the user, purchaser, or licensee uses the property in the operation of a trade or business at a location in this state, for personal use in this state, or if the user, purchaser, or licensee is an individual whose domicile is in this state. If the user, purchaser, or licensee uses the intangible property in more than one state, the gross royalties and other gross receipts from the sale or use of the intangible property shall be divided among those states having jurisdiction to impose an income tax or franchise tax measured by net income on the taxpayer in proportion to the use of the intangible property in those states. To determine intangible property use in this state, the department may consider the number of licensed sites in each state, the volume of property manufactured, produced, or sold at locations in this state, or any other factors that reflect the use of the intangible property in this state.
Tax 2.49(4)(ze)
(ze)
Gross receipts from services provided to regulated investment companies. Tax 2.49(4)(ze)1.1. Except as provided in subd.
2., the numerator of the receipts factor includes gross receipts and net gain described under pars.
(a) to
(z) from services provided to or on behalf of a regulated investment company, as defined in section
851 of the Internal Revenue Code. The regulated investment company is considered the purchaser or consumer of the services.
Tax 2.49(4)(ze)2.
2. At the taxpayer's option, the portion of the gross receipts received from a regulated investment company from the sale of administration, distribution, or management services shall be included in the numerator of the receipts factor as described in subd.
3. A taxpayer that makes this election shall use this method to determine the receipts included in the numerator of the receipts factor from each regulated investment company for or on behalf of which it performs services and shall compute the receipts from each regulated investment company separately. For purposes of this subdivision:
Tax 2.49(4)(ze)2.a.
a. “Administration services" include clerical, accounting, participant record keeping, transfer agency, bookkeeping, data processing, custodial, internal auditing, legal, and tax services provided for a regulated investment company but only if the provider of the services also provides, or is affiliated with a person that provides, distribution or management services to the regulated investment company.
Tax 2.49(4)(ze)2.b.
b. “Distribution services" include advertising, servicing investor accounts, marketing, or selling shares of the regulated investment company. In the case of advertising, servicing, or marketing shares, the services shall be performed by a person that is or, in the case of a closed end company, was either engaged in the service of selling the shares or affiliated with a person that is engaged in the service of selling the shares. In the case of an open end company, the service of selling shares shall be performed pursuant to a contract entered into under
15 USC 80a-15(b).
Tax 2.49(4)(ze)2.c.
c. “Management services" include rendering investment advice directly or indirectly to a regulated investment company, determining when sales and purchases of securities are to be made on behalf of the regulated investment company, selling or purchasing securities constituting assets of a regulated investment company, and related activities, but only if the activities are performed pursuant to a contract with the regulated investment company entered into under
15 USC 80a-15(a), for a person that has entered into the contract with the regulated investment company or for a person that is affiliated with a person that has entered into the contract with a regulated investment company.
Tax 2.49(4)(ze)2.d.
d. A person is affiliated with another person if each person is a member of the same affiliated group, as defined under section
1504 of the Internal Revenue Code without regard to
sub. (b) of section 1504.
Tax 2.49(4)(ze)2.e.
e. Receipts received from a regulated investment company include amounts received directly or indirectly from the regulated investment company and amounts received from shareholders in the regulated investment company.
Tax 2.49(4)(ze)3.
3. The numerator of the receipts factor includes the sum of receipts determined by multiplying the gross receipts from the sale of administration, distribution, and management services provided to or on behalf of each separate regulated investment company by a fraction, computed as follows:
Tax 2.49(4)(ze)3.a.
a. The numerator of the fraction is the sum of the monthly percentages determined for each month of the regulated investment company's taxable year for federal income tax purposes, which taxable years ends within or at the same time as the taxpayer's taxable year, but excluding any month during which the regulated investment company had no outstanding shares. The monthly percentage for each month is determined by dividing the number of shares in the regulated investment company that are owned on the last day of the month by shareholders whose domicile or commercial domicile is in this state by the total number of shares in the regulated investment company outstanding on that date.
Tax 2.49(4)(zm)
(zm)
Other sales. The numerator of the receipts factor includes all other receipts described in s.
Tax 2.39 (6) (b) to
(i), to the extent not described in this subsection.
Tax 2.49(4)(zs)
(zs)
Receipts not taxed. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2009, fifty percent of the taxpayer's receipts that are apportioned under this section to a state which does not have jurisdiction to impose an income tax or franchise tax measured by net income on the taxpayer shall be included in the numerator of the apportionment fraction if the taxpayer's employees or representatives performed such services from a location in this state. With regard to receipts described in pars.
(a) to
(ze), this paragraph does not apply to taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2009.
Tax 2.49(5)
(5) Payroll factor. The payroll factor is the ratio of the total compensation paid to employees located in this state to the total compensation paid to employees located everywhere, determined in accordance with the provisions of ss.
71.04 (6) and
71.25 (8), Stats., and s.
Tax 2.39 (5). “Compensation paid to employees" includes deductible management or service fees paid to a related entity directly or indirectly for the performance of personal services, and the situs of the fees is in this state if the services are performed in this state. The recipient of the fees may not include the compensation paid to its employees with respect to the personal services in either the numerator or denominator of its payroll factor.
Tax 2.49 Note
Note: The provisions of s.
Tax 2.49 first apply for taxable years beginning on January 1, 2006.
Tax 2.49 History
History: Cr.
Register, August, 1973, No. 212, eff. 9-1-73; am. (1) (b),
Register, July, 1978, No. 271, eff. 8-1-78; corrections in (1) (b) and (3) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats.,
Register, March, 1999, No. 519;
CR 04-031: r. and recr.
Register June 2006 No. 606, eff. 7-1-06; correction in (4) (zm) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats.,
Register November 2006 No. 611; corrections in (1) and (3) (intro.) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats.,
Register April 2010 No. 652;
EmR0943: eff. 12-31-09 and
CR 10-001: am. (1), (2) (h), (3) (intro.), (4) (intro.), (z) 1., (zm) and (zs), cr. (2) (dm), (fm), (g) 16., 17., (hm) and (3) (d), r. (3) (c), renum. (3) (d) to be (3) (c)
Register June 2010 No. 654, eff. 7-1-10;
CR 19-141: am. (2) (hm), (4) (x) 1. b., c.
Register September 2020 No. 777, eff. 10-1-20.
Tax 2.495
Tax 2.495
Apportionment of apportionable income of interstate brokers-dealers, investment advisers, investment companies, and underwriters. Tax 2.495(1)(1)
Scope. A brokerage house, investment adviser, investment company, or underwriter that is engaged in business both in and outside this state shall apportion its apportionable income as provided in this section, except if the brokerage house, investment adviser, investment company, or underwriter is in a combined group, its Wisconsin share of the combined group's apportionable income is computed as provided in s.
71.255 (5), Stats., and further detailed in s.
Tax 2.61 (7). Nonapportionable income shall be allocated as provided in s.
71.25 (5) (b), Stats.
Tax 2.495 Note
Note: A brokerage house, investment adviser, investment company, or underwriter that is a corporation may be in a combined group for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2009. See s.
Tax 2.61 (2) for a description of corporations required to use combined reporting.
Tax 2.495(2)(a)
(a) “Billing address" means the address indicated in the taxpayer's books and records on the first day of the taxable year, or on a later date in the taxable year when the customer relationship began, to which a taxpayer regularly sends any notice, statement or bill to the taxpayer's customer. The billing address of a customer who is a natural person means the address of that person's domicile.
Tax 2.495(2)(b)
(b) “Brokerage commission" includes, but is not limited to, all sales fees on agency or principal transactions whether charged explicitly or implicitly.
Tax 2.495(2)(c)
(c) “Brokerage house" means a firm or place where a broker-dealer conducts business.
Tax 2.495(2)(d)
(d) “Broker-dealer" means a person engaged in the business of effecting transactions in securities, commodities, and related financial instruments for the account of another or for the person's own account. “Broker-dealer" does not include a sales agent; an issuer with respect to purchasing and selling the issuer's own securities; a bank, savings institution, or trust company, when effecting transactions for its own account or as an agent; a person in that person's capacity as a personal representative, executor, administrator, holder of power of attorney, guardian, trustee of a testamentary or inter vivos trust, conservator, or pledgee; or any other person excluded from the definition of “broker-dealer" in s.
551.102 (4), Stats.
Tax 2.495(2)(e)
(e) “Commercial domicile" means the location from which a trade or business is principally managed and directed. If the taxpayer is organized under the laws of a foreign country, the commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States, “commercial domicile" shall be deemed for the purposes of this section to be the state of the United States or the District of Columbia from which the taxpayer's trade or business in the United States is principally managed and directed. It shall be rebuttably presumed that the location from which a trade or business is principally managed and directed is the state of the United States or the District of Columbia at which the greatest number of the taxpayer's employees work, have their office or base of operations, or are directed or controlled, as of the last day of the taxable year.
Tax 2.495(2)(h)
(h) “Person" means a natural person, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, corporation, or any other business entity.
