NR 809.331(5)(a)(a) Water supplier shall sample their source water only during the months that the plant operates unless the department specifies another monitoring period based on plant operating practices. NR 809.331(5)(b)(b) Water supplier for public water systems with plants that operate less than six months per year and that monitor for Cryptosporidium shall collect at least six Cryptosporidium samples per year during each of two years of monitoring. Samples shall be evenly spaced throughout the period the plant operates. NR 809.331(6)(a)(a) A water supplier for a public water system that begins using a new source of surface water or GWUDI after the public water system is required to begin monitoring under sub. (3) shall monitor the new source on a schedule the department approves. Source water monitoring shall meet the requirements of this section. The public water system shall also meet the bin classification and Cryptosporidium treatment requirements of ss. NR 810.34 and 810.35 or s. NR 810.36, as applicable, for the new source on a schedule the department approves. NR 809.331(6)(b)(b) The requirements of this section apply to public water systems with surface water treatment plants that begin operation after the monitoring start date applicable to the public water system’s size under sub. (3). NR 809.331(6)(c)(c) The water supplier shall begin a second round of source water monitoring no later than 6 years following initial bin classification under s. NR 810.34 or determination of the mean Cryptosporidium level under s. NR 810.36, as applicable. NR 809.331(7)(7) Monitoring violation. Failure to collect any source water sample required under this section in accordance with the sampling schedule, sampling location, analytical method, approved laboratory, and reporting requirements of s. NR 809.332 to s. NR 809.336 is a monitoring violation. NR 809.331(8)(8) Grandfathering monitoring data. The water supplier may use monitoring data collected prior to the applicable monitoring start date in sub. (3) to meet the initial source water monitoring requirements in sub. (1). This data, referred to as grandfathered data, may substitute for an equivalent number of months of data at the end of the monitoring period. All data submitted under this section shall meet the requirements in s. NR 809.334. NR 809.331 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; correction in (8) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register November 2010 No. 659. NR 809.332NR 809.332 Sampling schedules for surface water source water monitoring. NR 809.332(1)(1) Sampling schedules. Water suppliers for public water systems required to conduct source water monitoring under s. NR 809.331 shall submit a sampling schedule that specifies the calendar dates when the water supplier will collect each required sample. NR 809.332(1)(a)(a) Water suppliers shall submit sampling schedules no later than 3 months prior to the applicable date listed in s. NR 809.331 (3), Table H, for each round of required monitoring. NR 809.332(1)(b)(b) Water suppliers for public water systems serving at least 10,000 people shall submit their sampling schedule for the initial round of source water monitoring under s. NR 809.331 (1) to EPA. If a water supplier is unable to submit the sampling schedule electronically, the water supplier may use an alternative approach for submitting the sampling schedule subject to EPA approval. NR 809.332(1)(c)(c) Water suppliers for public water systems serving fewer than 10,000 people shall submit their sampling schedules for the initial round of source water monitoring under s. NR 809.331 (1) to the EPA or the department. NR 809.332(1)(d)(d) Water suppliers shall submit sampling schedules for the second round of source water monitoring under s. NR 809.331 (2) to the department. NR 809.332(1)(e)(e) If EPA or the department does not respond to a water supplier regarding its sampling schedule, the water supplier shall sample at the reported schedule. NR 809.332(2)(2) Sample collection. Water suppliers shall collect samples no later than two days before or two days later than the dates indicated in their sampling schedule. Thus samples shall be collected within a five-day period around the scheduled date, unless one of the conditions of par. (a) or (b) applies. NR 809.332(2)(a)(a) If an extreme condition or situation exists that may pose danger to the sample collector, or that cannot be avoided and causes the water supplier to be unable to sample in the scheduled five-day period, the water supplier shall sample as close to the scheduled date as feasible unless the department approves an alternative sampling date. The water supplier shall submit an explanation for the delayed sampling date to the department concurrent with the shipment of the sample to the laboratory. NR 809.332(2)(b)(b) If a water supplier is unable to report a valid analytical result for a scheduled sampling date due to equipment failure, loss of or damage to the sample, failure to comply with the analytical method requirements, including the quality control requirements in s. NR 809.334, or the failure of an approved laboratory to analyze the sample, then the water supplier shall collect a replacement sample. The water supplier shall collect the replacement sample no later than 21 days after receiving information that an analytical result cannot be reported for the scheduled date unless the water supplier demonstrates that collecting a replacement sample within this time frame is not feasible or the department approves an alternative resampling date. The water supplier shall submit an explanation for the delayed sampling date to the department concurrent with the shipment of the sample to the laboratory. NR 809.332(3)(3) Revising sampling schedules. Water supplier for public water systems that fail to meet the criteria of sub. (2) for any source water sample required under s. NR 809.331 shall revise their sampling schedules to add dates for collecting all missed samples. The water supplier shall submit the revised schedule to the department for approval before the water supplier begins collecting the missed samples. NR 809.332 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; correction in (1) (b) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 6., Stats., Register January 2013 No. 685. NR 809.333NR 809.333 Sampling locations for surface water source water monitoring. NR 809.333(1)(1) General requirements. Water suppliers for public water systems required to conduct source water monitoring under s. NR 809.331 shall collect samples for each plant that treats a surface water or GWUDI source. Where multiple plants draw water from the same influent, such as the same pipe or intake, the department may approve one set of monitoring results to be used to satisfy the requirements of s. NR 809.331 for all plants. NR 809.333(2)(2) Sample collection location. The water supplier shall collect source water samples prior to chemical treatment, such as coagulants, oxidants and disinfectants, unless the public water system meets the condition of this subsection. The department may approve a water supplier to collect a source water sample after chemical treatment if the department determines that collecting a sample prior to chemical treatment is not feasible for the public water system and that the chemical treatment is unlikely to have a significant adverse effect on the analysis of the sample. NR 809.333(3)(3) Recycled filter backwash. Water suppliers for public water systems that recycle filter backwash water shall collect source water samples prior to the point of filter backwash water. All public water systems that recycle filter backwash water shall comply with all of the requirements under ss. NR 810.295, 811.860, and 811.862. NR 809.333(4)(a)(a) Water suppliers for public water systems that receive Cryptosporidium treatment credit for bank filtration under s. NR 810.29 (5) or 810.37 (2), as applicable, shall collect source water samples in the surface water prior to bank filtration. NR 809.333(4)(b)(b) Water suppliers for public water systems that use bank filtration as pretreatment to a filtration plant shall collect source water samples from the collector well after bank filtration. Use of bank filtration during monitoring shall be consistent with routine operational practice. When samples are collected after a bank filtration process, public water systems may not receive treatment credit for the bank filtration under s. NR 810.43 (3). NR 809.333(5)(5) Multiple sources. Water suppliers for public water systems with plants that use multiple water sources, including multiple surface water sources and blended surface water and groundwater sources, shall collect samples as specified in par. (a) or (b). The use of multiple sources during monitoring shall be consistent with routine operational practice. NR 809.333(5)(a)(a) If a sampling tap where the sources are combined prior to treatment is available, the water supplier shall collect samples from that tap. NR 809.333(5)(b)(b) If a sampling tap where the sources are combined prior to treatment is not available, the water supplier shall collect samples at each source near the intake on the same day and shall follow either subd. 1. or 2. for sample analysis. NR 809.333(5)(b)1.1. Water suppliers may composite samples from each source into one sample prior to analysis. The volume of sample from each source shall be weighted according to the proportion of the source in the total plant flow at the time the sample is collected. NR 809.333(5)(b)2.2. Water suppliers may analyze samples from each source separately and calculate a weighted average of the analysis results for each sampling date. The weighted average shall be calculated by multiplying the analysis result for each source by the fraction the source contributed to total plant flow at the time the sample was collected and then summing these values. NR 809.333(6)(6) Additional requirements. Water suppliers shall submit a description of their sampling locations to the department at the same time as the sampling schedule required under s. NR 809.332. This description shall address the position of the sampling location in relation to the public water system’s water sources and treatment processes, including pretreatment, points of chemical treatment, and filter backwash recycle. If the department does not respond to a water supplier regarding sampling locations, the water supplier shall sample at the reported locations. NR 809.333 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; correction in (3) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register November 2010 No. 659. NR 809.334NR 809.334 Analytical methods for surface water source water monitoring. NR 809.334(1)(1) Cryptosporidium. Water suppliers shall analyze for Cryptosporidium using Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA, 2005, United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA–815-R–05–002 or Method 1622: Cryptosporidium in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA, 2005, United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA–815–R–05–001. The water supplier may obtain a copy of these methods online from http://www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2. Water suppliers may also use EPA Method 1623.1: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA, 2012. EPA-816-R-12-001. (Available at http://water.epa.gov/drink.) NR 809.334(1)(a)(a) Water suppliers shall analyze at least a 10 L sample or a packed pellet volume of at least 2 mL as generated by the methods listed in this subsection. Water suppliers unable to process a 10 L sample shall analyze as much sample volume as can be filtered by two filters approved by EPA for the methods listed in this subsection, up to a packed pellet volume of at least 2 mL. NR 809.334(1)(b)(b) Matrix spike (MS) samples, as required by the methods in this subsection, shall be spiked and filtered by a laboratory approved for Cryptosporidium analysis under s. NR 809.335. If the volume of the MS sample is greater than 10 L, the water supplier may filter all but 10 L of the MS sample in the field, and ship the filtered sample and the remaining 10 L of source water to the laboratory. In this case, the laboratory shall spike the remaining 10 L of water and filter it through the filter used to collect the balance of the sample in the field. NR 809.334(1)(c)(c) Flow cytometer-counted spiking suspensions shall be used for MS samples and ongoing precision and recovery (OPR) samples. NR 809.334(2)(2) E. coli. Water suppliers shall use methods for enumeration of E. coli in source water listed in Table I. NR 809.334(2)(a)(a) The time from sample collection to initiation of analysis may not exceed 30 hours unless the condition of par. (b) are met. In all cases, samples should be analyzed as soon after collection as possible. NR 809.334(2)(b)(b) The department may approve on a case-by-case basis the holding of an E. coli sample for up to 48 hours between sample collection and initiation of analysis if the department determines that analyzing an E. coli sample within 30 hours is not feasible. E. coli samples held between 30 to 48 hours shall be analyzed by the Colilert reagent version of Standard Method 9223B as listed in sub. (2), Table I. NR 809.334(2)(c)(c) Water suppliers shall maintain samples between 0 °C and 10 °C during storage and transit to the laboratory. 1Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition (1998). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW., Washington, DC 20001-3710.
2Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st edition (2005). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW., Washington, DC 20001-3710.
3Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd edition (2012). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW., Washington, DC 20001-3710.
4Standard Methods Online are available at http://www.standardmethods.org. The year in which each method was approved by the Standard Methods Committee is designated by the last two digits in the method number. The methods listed are the only online versions that may be used. 5 Multiple-tube and multi-well enumerative formats for this method are approved for use in presence-absence determination under this regulation.
6 ColisureÒ results may be read after an incubation time of 24 hours.
7EC-MUG (Method 9221F) or NA-MUG (Method 9222G) can be used for E. coli testing step as described in §141.21(f)(6)(i) or (ii) after use of Standard Methods 9221 B, 9221 D, 9222 B, or 9222 C.
8EPA Method 1600: Enterococci in Water by Membrane Filtration Using membrane-Enterococcus Indoxyl-â-D-Glucoside Agar (mEI) EPA 821-R-02-022 (September 2002) is an approved variation of Standard Method 9230C. The method is available at http://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/1600sp02.pdf or from EPA’s Water Resource Center (RC-4100T), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460. The holding time and temperature for ground water samples are specified in footnote 1 above, rather than as specified in Section 8 of EPA Method 1600. 9Medium is available through IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine 04092. Preparation and use of the medium is set forth in the article “Evaluation of Enterolert for Enumeration of Enterococci in Recreational Waters,” by Budnick, G.E., Howard, R.T., and Mayo, D.R., 1996, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62:3881-3884.
10 Charm Sciences Inc. “Fast Phage Test Procedure. Presence/Absence for Coliphage in Ground Water with Same Day Positive Prediction”. Version 009. November 2012. 659 Andover Street, Lawrence, MA 01843. Available at www.charmsciences.com. 11EPA Method 1601: Male-specific (F+) and Somatic Coliphage in Water by Two-step Enrichment Procedure; April 2001, EPA 821-R-01-030. Method is available at http://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/1601ap01.pdf or from EPA’s Water Resource Center (RC-4100T), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460. 12EPA Method 1602: Male-specific (F+) and Somatic Coliphage in Water by Single Agar Layer (SAL) Procedure; April 2001, EPA 821-R-01-029. Method is available at http://www.epa.gov/nerlcwww/1602ap01.pdf or from EPA’s Water Resource Center (RC-4100T), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460. NR 809.334 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; CR 15-049: am. (1), (2) (intro.), r. and recr. (2) Table I Register March 2016 No. 723, eff. 4-1-16. NR 809.335NR 809.335 Approved laboratories for surface water source monitoring. NR 809.335(1)(1) Cryptosporidium. Water suppliers shall have Cryptosporidium samples analyzed by a laboratory that is approved under EPA’s Laboratory Quality Assurance Evaluation Program for Analysis of Cryptosporidium in Water or a laboratory that has been certified for Cryptosporidium analysis by an equivalent department laboratory certification program. NR 809.335(2)(2) E. coli. Any laboratory certified by the EPA, The NELAC Institute (TNI), or the department of agriculture, trade and consumer protection for total coliform or E. coli. analysis under s. NR 809.323 (1) (c), Table F is approved for E. coli analysis under this section when the laboratory uses the same technique for E. coli that the laboratory uses for s. NR 809.334 (2), Table I. NR 809.335(3)(3) Turbidity. Measurements of turbidity shall be made by a party approved by the department. NR 809.336NR 809.336 Reporting source water monitoring results. NR 809.336(1)(1) Water suppliers shall report results from the source water monitoring required under s. NR 809.331 (1) and (2) no later than 10 days after the end of the first month following the month when the sample is collected. NR 809.336(1)(a)(a) All water suppliers for public water systems serving at least 10,000 people shall report the results from the initial source water monitoring required under s. NR 809.331 (1) to EPA. NR 809.336(1)(b)(b) If a water supplier is unable to report monitoring results electronically, the water supplier may use an alternative approach for reporting monitoring results that EPA approves. NR 809.336(2)(2) Water suppliers for public water systems serving fewer than 10,000 people shall report results from the initial source water monitoring required under s. NR 809.331 (1) to the department. NR 809.336(3)(3) All water suppliers shall report results from the second round of source water monitoring required under s. NR 809.331 (2) to the department. NR 809.336(4)(a)(a) Water suppliers shall report the following data elements for each Cryptosporidium analysis: NR 809.336(4)(a)1.1. For matrix spike samples, water suppliers shall also report the sample volume spiked and estimated number of oocysts spiked. These data are not required for field samples. NR 809.336(4)(a)2.2. For samples in which less than 10 L is filtered or less than 100% of the sample volume is examined, water suppliers shall also report the number of filters used and the packed pellet volume. NR 809.336(4)(a)3.3. For samples in which less than 100% of sample volume is examined, water suppliers shall also report the volume of resuspended concentrate and volume of this resuspension processed through immunomagnetic separation. NR 809.336(4)(b)(b) Water suppliers shall report the following data elements for each E. coli analysis: NR 809.336(4)(c)(c) Water suppliers for public water systems serving fewer than 10,000 people that are not required to monitor for turbidity under s. NR 809.331 (1) and (2) are not required to report turbidity with their E. coli results. NR 809.336 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; correction in (1) (a) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 6., Stats., Register January 2013 No. 685; CR 15-049: am. (4) (b) Register March 2016 No. 723, eff. 4-1-16. NR 809.35NR 809.35 Sanitary survey requirements for all public water systems. NR 809.35(1)(a)(a) Community water systems shall undergo a sanitary survey every 3 years, unless the public water system meets the requirements of sub. (2) for outstanding performance of a public water system, then a sanitary survey may be conducted every 5 years. NR 809.35(1)(b)(b) Non-community water systems shall undergo a sanitary survey every 5 years. NR 809.35(1)(c)(c) The department will review the results of each sanitary survey to determine whether the existing monitoring frequency is adequate and what additional measures, if any, the water supplier needs to undertake to improve drinking water quality. NR 809.35(1)(d)(d) Sanitary surveys shall be performed by the department or an agent approved by the department. If the department requests a water supplier to have a sanitary survey performed, the water supplier is responsible for ensuring the survey is completed. NR 809.35(2)(a)(a) At the discretion of the department, community water systems may be designated as demonstrating outstanding performance and eligible for a reduced frequency of sanitary surveys. For community water systems determined by the department to have outstanding performance based on prior sanitary surveys, subsequent sanitary surveys may be conducted no less than every five years. The following criteria shall be used to determine outstanding performance:
