Register August 2020 No. 776
APPENDIX IX
METHODS MANUAL FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE BIF RULES
Burning hazardous waste in boilers and industrial furnaces
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Performance Specifications for Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems
2.1 Performance Specifications for Continuous Emission Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen for
Incinerators, Boilers, and Industrial Furnaces Burning Hazardous Waste
2.2 Performance Specifications for Continuous Emission Monitoring of Hydrocarbons for Incinerators, Boilers,
and Industrial Furnaces
3.0 Sampling and Analytical Methods
4.0 Procedure for Estimating Toxicity Equipment or Chlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxin and Dibenzofuran Congeners
5.0 Hazardous Waste Combustion Air Quality Screening Procedure
6.0 Simplified Land Use Classification Procedure for Compliance With Tier I and Tier II Limits
7.0 Statistical Methodology for Bevill Residue Determinations
8.0 Procedures for Determining Default Values for Air Pollution Control System Removal Efficiencies
8.1 APCS RE Default Values for Metals
8.2 APCS RE Default Values for HCl and Cl2
8.3 APCS RE Default Values for Ash
8.4 References
9.0 Procedures for Determining Default Values for Partitioning of Metals, Ash and Total Chloride/Chlorine
9.1 Partitioning Default Value for Metals
9.2 Special Procedures for Chlorine, HCl and Cl,
9.3 Special Procedures for Ash
9.4 Use of Engineering Judgement to Estimate Partitioning and APCS RE Values
9.5 Restrictions on Use of Test Data
10.0 Alternate Methodology for Implementing Metals Controls
10.1 Applicability
10.2 Introduction
10.3 Basis
10.4 Overview
10.5 Implementation Procedures
10.6 Precompliance Procedures
Appendix A—Statistics
Section 1.0 Introduction
This document presents required methods for demonstrating compliance with the regulations for boilers and industrial furnaces (BIFs) burning hazardous waste in subch. H. Included in this document are:
1. Performance Specifications for Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) of Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen, and Hydrocarbons in Stack Gases.
2. Procedures for Estimating the Toxicity Equivalency of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran Congeners.
3. Hazardous Waste Combustion Air Quality Screening Procedures (HWCAQSP).
4. Simplified Land Use Classification Procedure for Compliance with Tier I and Tier II Limits.
5. Statistical Methodology for Bevill Residue Determinations.
6. Procedures for Determining Default Values for Air Pollution Control System Removal Efficiencies.
7. Procedures for Determining Default Values for Partitioning of Metals, Ash, and Total Chloride/Chlorine.
8. Alternate Methodology for Implementing Metals Controls.
a. Sampling and analytical methods for multiple metals, hexavalent chromium, HCl and chlorine, polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins and dibenzofurans, and aldehydes and ketones can be found in “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical/Chemical Methods” (EPA Publication SW– 846). Additional methods referenced in subch. H but not included in this document can be found in
40 CFR parts 60 and
61, and “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical/Chemical Methods", SW-846, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 660.11.
b. The CEM performance specifications of section 2.0, the relevant sampling Methods 0011, 0023A, 0050, 0051, 0060, and 0061 of SW–846, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 660.11, and the toxicity equivalency procedure for dioxins and furans of section 4.0 are required procedures for determining compliance with BIF regulations. For the determination of chloride from HCl/Cl2 emission sampling train, use appropriate methods. For the determination of carbonyl compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography, use appropriate methods. The CEM performance specifications and the S&A methods are interim. The finalized CEM performance specifications and methods will be published in SW-846 or
40 CFR parts 60 and
6l.
Section 2.0
Performance Specifications For
Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems
2.l Performance Specifications for Continuous Emission Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen for
Incinerators, Boilers, and Industrial Furnaces
Burning Hazardous Waste
2.1.1 Applicability and Principle
2.1.1.1 Applicability. These performance specifications apply to carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2) continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMSs) installed on incinerators, boilers, and industrial furnaces burning hazardous waste. The specifications include procedures which are intended to be used to evaluate the acceptability of the CEMS at the time of its installation or whenever specified in regulations or licenses. The procedures are not designed to evaluate CEMS performance over an extended period of time. The source owner or operator is responsible for the proper calibration, maintenance, and operation of the CEMS at all times.
2.1.1.2 Principle. Installation and measurement location specifications, performance and equipment specifications, test and data reduction procedures, and brief quality assurance guidelines are included in the specifications. Calibration drift, relative accuracy, calibration error, and response time tests are conducted to determine conformance of the CEMS with the specifications.
2.1.2 Definitions
2.1.2.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS). A continuous monitor is one in which the sample to be analyzed passes the measurement section of the analyzer without interruption, and which evaluates the detector response to the sample at least once each 15 seconds and computes and records the results at least every 60 seconds. A CEMS consists of all the equipment used to acquire data and includes the sample extraction and transport hardware, the analyzer(s), and the data recording/processing hardware and software.
2.1.2.2 Monitoring System Types. The specifications require CEMSs capable of accepting calibration gases. Alternative system designs may be used if approved by the department. There are 2 basic types of monitoring systems: extractive and in-situ.
2.1.2.2.1 Extractive. Systems that use a pump or other mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic means to draw a sample of the stack or flue gas and convey it to a remotely located analyzer.
2.1.2.2.2 In-situ. Systems that perform an analysis without removing a sample from the stack. Point in-situ analyzers place the sensing or detecting element directly in the flue gas stream. Cross-stack in-situ analyzers measure the parameter of interest by placing a source beam on one side of the stack and the detector (in single-pass instruments) or a retroreflector (in double-pass instruments) on the other side, and measuring the parameter of interest (e.g., CO) by the attenuation of the beam by the gas in its path.
2.1.2.3 Instrument Measurement Range. The difference between the minimum and maximum concentration that can be measured by a specific instrument. The minimum is often stated or assumed to be 0 and the range expressed only as the maximum.
2.1.2.4 Span or Span Value. Full scale instrument measurement range.
2.1.2.5 Calibration Drift (CD). The difference in the CEMS output readings from the established reference value after a stated period of operation during which no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment takes place. A CD test is performed to demonstrate the stability of the CEMS calibration over time.
2.1.2.6 Response Time. The time interval between the start of a step change in the system input (e.g., change of calibration gas) and the time when the data recorder displays 95% of the final value.
2.1.2.7 Accuracy. A measure of agreement between a measured value and an accepted or true value, expressed as the percentage difference between the true and measured values relative to the true value. For these performance specifications, accuracy is checked by conducting a calibration error (CE) test and a relative accuracy (RA) test. Certain facilities, such as those using solid waste or batch-fed processes, may observe long periods of almost no CO emissions with brief, high-level CO emission spikes. These facilities, as well as facilities whose CO emissions never exceed 5-10 ppm, may need to be exempted from the RA requirement because the RA test procedure cannot ensure acquisition of meaningful test results under these conditions. An alternative procedure for accuracy determination is described in section 2.1.9.
2.1.2.8 Calibration Error (CE). The difference between the concentration indicated by the CEMS and the known concentration of the cylinder gas. A CE test procedure is performed to document the accuracy and linearity of the monitoring equipment over the entire measurement range.
2.1.2.9 Relative Accuracy (RA). A comparison of the CEMS response to a value measured by a performance test method (PTM). The PA test is used to validate the calibration technique and verify the ability of the CEMS to provide representative and accurate measurements.
2.1.2.10 Performance Test Method (PTM). The sampling and analysis procedure used to obtain reference measurements for comparison to CEMS measurements. The applicable test methods are Method 10, 10A, or 10B (for the determination of CO) and Method 3 or 3A (for the determination of 0
2). These methods are found in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 660.11.
2.1.2.11 Performance Specification Test (PST) Period. The period during which CD, CE, response time, and RA tests are conducted.
2.1.2.12 Centroidal Area. A concentric area that is geometrically similar to the stack or duct cross section and is no greater than one percent of the stack or duct cross-sectional area.
2.1.3 Installation and Measurement Location
Specifications
2.1.3.1 CEMS Installation and Measurement Locations. The CEMS shall be installed in a location in which measurements representative of the source's emissions can be obtained. The optimum location of the sample interface for the CEMS is determined by a number of factors, including ease of access for calibration and maintenance, the degree to which sample conditioning will be required, the degree to which it represents total emissions, and the degree to which it represents the combustion situation in the firebox. The location should be as free from in-leakage influences as possible and reasonably free from severe flow disturbances. The sample location should be at least 2 equivalent duct diameters downstream from the nearest control device, point of pollutant generation, or other point at which a change in the pollutant concentration or emission rate occurs and at least 0.5 diameter upstream from the exhaust or control device. The equivalent duct diameter is calculated as per section 2.1 of
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, method 1, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 660.11. If these criteria are not achievable or if the location is otherwise less than optimum, the possibility of stratification should be checked as described in Section 2.1.3.3 to determine whether the location would cause failure of the relative accuracy test.
2.1.3.1.1 For extractive or point in-situ CEMSs, the measurement point should be within or centrally located over the centroidal area of the stack or duct cross section.
