Chapter NR 440

NR 440.76(7)(a)5. 5. Your municipal waste combustion unit is exempt from limits on load level, temperature at the inlet of the particulate matter control device, and carbon feed rate during any of the following 5 situations:

NR 440.76(7)(a)5.a. a. During your annual tests for dioxins/furans.

NR 440.76(7)(a)5.b. b. During your annual mercury tests, for carbon feed rate requirements only.

NR 440.76(7)(a)5.c. c. During the 2 weeks preceding your annual tests for dioxins/furans.

NR 440.76(7)(a)5.d. d. During the 2 weeks preceding your annual mercury tests, for carbon feed rate requirements only.

NR 440.76(7)(a)5.e. e. Whenever the department permits you to do any of the following 5 activities:

1) Evaluate system performance.

2) Test new technology or control technologies.

3) Perform diagnostic testing.

4) Perform other activities to improve the performance of your municipal waste combustion unit.

5) Perform other activities to advance the state of the art for emission controls for your municipal waste combustion unit.

NR 440.76(7)(b) (b) What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction?

NR 440.76(7)(b)1. 1. The operating requirements of this section apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown or malfunction.

NR 440.76(7)(b)2. 2. Each startup, shutdown or malfunction may not last for longer than 3 hours.

NR 440.76(8) (8) Emission limits.

NR 440.76(8)(a) (a) What pollutants are regulated by this section? The following 11 pollutants, in 4 groupings, are regulated:

NR 440.76(8)(a)1. 1. ‘Organics.’ Dioxins/furans.

NR 440.76(8)(a)2. 2. ‘Metals.’

NR 440.76(8)(a)2.a. a. Cadmium.

NR 440.76(8)(a)2.b. b. Lead.

NR 440.76(8)(a)2.c. c. Mercury.

NR 440.76(8)(a)2.d. d. Opacity.

NR 440.76(8)(a)2.e. e. Particulate matter.

NR 440.76(8)(a)3. 3. ‘Acid gases.’

NR 440.76(8)(a)3.a. a. Hydrogen chloride.

NR 440.76(8)(a)3.b. b. Nitrogen oxides.

NR 440.76(8)(a)3.c. c. Sulfur dioxide.

NR 440.76(8)(a)4. 4. ‘Other.’

NR 440.76(8)(a)4.a. a. Carbon monoxide.

NR 440.76(8)(a)4.b. b. Fugitive ash.

NR 440.76(8)(b) (b) What emission limits must I meet and by when? You shall meet the emission limits specified in Tables 1 and 2 of this section. You shall meet the limits 60 days after your municipal waste combustion unit reaches the maximum load level but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.

NR 440.76(8)(c) (c) What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction?

NR 440.76(8)(c)1. 1. The emission limits of this section apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown or malfunction.

NR 440.76(8)(c)2. 2. Each startup, shutdown or malfunction may not last for longer than 3 hours.

NR 440.76(8)(c)3. 3. A maximum of 3 hours of test data may be dismissed from compliance calculations during periods of startup, shutdown or malfunction.

NR 440.76(8)(c)4. 4. During startup, shutdown or malfunction periods longer than 3 hours, emissions data cannot be discarded from compliance calculations and all provisions under s. NR 440.11 (4) apply.

NR 440.76(9) (9) Continuous emission monitoring.

NR 440.76(9)(a) (a) What types of continuous emission monitoring must I perform? To continuously monitor emissions, you shall perform the following 4 tasks:

NR 440.76(9)(a)1. 1. Install continuous emission monitoring systems for certain gaseous pollutants.

NR 440.76(9)(a)2. 2. Make sure your continuous emission monitoring systems are operating correctly.

NR 440.76(9)(a)3. 3. Make sure you obtain the minimum amount of monitoring data.

NR 440.76(9)(a)4. 4. Install a continuous opacity monitoring system.

NR 440.76(9)(b) (b) What continuous emission monitoring systems must I install for gaseous pollutants?

NR 440.76(9)(b)1. 1. You shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate continuous emission monitoring systems for oxygen or carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. If you operate a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, you shall also install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous emission monitoring system for nitrogen oxides. You shall install the continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and oxygen or carbon dioxide at the outlet of the air pollution control device.

NR 440.76(9)(b)2. 2. You shall install, evaluate and operate each continuous emission monitoring system according to the monitoring requirements in s. NR 440.13.

NR 440.76(9)(b)3. 3. You shall monitor the oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration at each location where you monitor sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Additionally, if you operate a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, you shall also monitor the oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration at the location where you monitor nitrogen oxides.

NR 440.76(9)(b)4. 4. You may choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of oxygen as a diluent gas. If you choose to monitor carbon dioxide, then an oxygen monitor is not required, and you shall follow the requirements in par. (g).

NR 440.76(9)(b)5. 5. If you choose to demonstrate compliance by monitoring the percent reduction of sulfur dioxide, you shall also install continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide and oxygen or carbon dioxide at the inlet of the air pollution control device.

NR 440.76(9)(b)6. 6. If you prefer to use an alternative sulfur dioxide monitoring method, such as parametric monitoring, or cannot monitor emissions at the inlet of the air pollution control device to determine percent reduction, you may apply to the department for approval to use an alternative monitoring method under s. NR 440.13 (9).

NR 440.76(9)(c) (c) How are the data from the continuous emission monitoring systems used? You shall use data from the continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide to demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits specified in Tables 1 and 2 of this section. To demonstrate compliance for dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride and fugitive ash, you shall meet sub. (10) (b).

NR 440.76(9)(d) (d) How do I make sure my continuous emission monitoring systems are operating correctly?

NR 440.76(9)(d)1. 1. You shall conduct initial, daily, quarterly and annual evaluations of your continuous emission monitoring systems that measure oxygen or carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (for Class I municipal waste combustion units only) and carbon monoxide.

NR 440.76(9)(d)2. 2. You shall complete your initial evaluation of the continuous emission monitoring systems within 60 days after your municipal waste combustion unit reaches the maximum load level at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.

NR 440.76(9)(d)3. 3. For initial and annual evaluations, you shall collect data concurrently, or within 30 to 60 minutes, using your oxygen or carbon dioxide continuous emission monitoring system, your sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, or carbon monoxide continuous emission monitoring systems, as appropriate, and the appropriate test methods specified in Table 3 of this section. You shall collect the data during each initial and annual evaluation of your continuous emission monitoring systems following the applicable performance specifications in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1). Table 4 of this section shows the performance specifications that apply to each continuous emission monitoring system.

NR 440.76(9)(d)4. 4. You shall follow the quality assurance procedures in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), for each continuous emission monitoring system. The procedures include daily calibration drift and quarterly accuracy determinations.

NR 440.76(9)(e) (e) Am I exempt from any requirements to evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems under 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B or F, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1)? Yes, the accuracy tests for your sulfur dioxide continuous emission monitoring system require you to also evaluate your oxygen or carbon dioxide continuous emission monitoring system. Therefore, your oxygen or carbon dioxide continuous emission monitoring system is exempt from the following 2 requirements:

NR 440.76(9)(e)1. 1. Relative accuracy requirement in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, section 2.3 of Performance Specification 3, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1).

NR 440.76(9)(e)2. 2. Relative accuracy test audit in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, section 5.1.1, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1).

NR 440.76(9)(f) (f) What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission monitoring systems?

NR 440.76(9)(f)1. 1. You shall conduct annual evaluations of your continuous emission monitoring systems no more than 13 months after the previous evaluation was conducted.

NR 440.76(9)(f)2. 2. You shall evaluate your continuous emission monitoring systems daily and quarterly as specified in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1).

NR 440.76(9)(g) (g) What must I do if I choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of oxygen as a diluent gas? You shall establish the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide during the initial evaluation of your continuous emission monitoring systems. You may reestablish the relationship during annual evaluations. To establish the relationship, use the following 3 procedures:

NR 440.76(9)(g)1. 1. Use Method 3A or 3B in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), to determine oxygen concentration at the location of your carbon dioxide monitor.

NR 440.76(9)(g)2. 2. Conduct at least 3 test runs for oxygen. Make sure each test run represents a 1-hour average and that sampling continues for at least 30 minutes in each hour.

NR 440.76(9)(g)3. 3. Use the fuel-factor equation in Method 3B in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), to determine the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide.

NR 440.76(9)(h) (h) What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must collect with my continuous emission monitoring systems and is the data collection requirement enforceable?

NR 440.76(9)(h)1. 1. Where continuous emission monitoring systems are required, you shall obtain 1-hour arithmetic averages. Make sure the averages for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide are in parts per million by dry volume at 7% oxygen, or the equivalent carbon dioxide level. Use the 1-hour averages of oxygen or carbon dioxide data from your continuous emission monitoring system to determine the actual oxygen or carbon dioxide level and to calculate emissions at 7% oxygen, or the equivalent carbon dioxide level.

NR 440.76(9)(h)2. 2. You shall obtain at least 2 data points per hour in order to calculate a valid 1-hour arithmetic average. Section NR 440.13 (5) (b) requires your continuous emission monitoring systems to complete at least one cycle of operation, sampling, analyzing and data recording for each 15-minute period.

NR 440.76(9)(h)3. 3. You shall obtain valid 1-hour averages for 75% of the operating hours per day for 90% of the operating days per calendar quarter. An operating day is any day the unit combusts any municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel.

NR 440.76(9)(h)4. 4. If you do not obtain the minimum data required in subds. 1. to 3., you are in violation of the data collection requirement regardless of the emission level monitored, and you shall notify the department according to sub. (13) (h) 5.

NR 440.76(9)(h)5. 5. If you do not obtain the minimum data required in subds. 1. to 3., you shall still use all valid data from the continuous emission monitoring systems in calculating emission concentrations and percent reductions in accordance with par. (i).

NR 440.76(9)(i) (i) How do I convert my 1-hour arithmetic averages into the appropriate averaging times and units?

NR 440.76(9)(i)1. 1. You shall use the equation in sub. (15) (a) to calculate emissions at 7% oxygen.

NR 440.76(9)(i)2. 2. You shall use section 4.3 of Method 19 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), to calculate the daily geometric average concentrations of sulfur dioxide emissions. If you are monitoring the percent reduction of sulfur dioxide, use section 5.4 of Method 19 to determine the daily geometric average percent reduction of potential sulfur dioxide emissions.

NR 440.76(9)(i)3. 3. If you operate a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, you shall use section 4.1 of Method 19 to calculate the daily arithmetic average for concentrations of nitrogen oxides.

NR 440.76(9)(i)4. 4. You shall use section 4.1 of Method 19 to calculate the 4-hour or 24-hour daily block averages, as applicable, for concentrations of carbon monoxide.

NR 440.76(9)(j) (j) What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and how are the data used?

NR 440.76(9)(j)1. 1. You shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous opacity monitoring system.

NR 440.76(9)(j)2. 2. You shall install, evaluate and operate each continuous opacity monitoring system according to s. NR 440.13.

NR 440.76(9)(j)3. 3. You shall complete an initial evaluation of your continuous opacity monitoring system according to Performance Specification 1 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1). You shall complete the evaluation within 60 days after your municipal waste combustion unit reaches the maximum load level at which it will operate, but no more than 180 days after its initial startup.

NR 440.76(9)(j)4. 4. You shall complete each annual evaluation of your continuous opacity monitoring system no more than 13 months after the previous evaluation.

NR 440.76(9)(j)5. 5. You shall use tests conducted according to Method 9 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), as specified in sub. (10) (d), to determine compliance with the opacity limit in Table 1 of this section.

NR 440.76 Note Note: The data obtained from your continuous opacity monitoring system are not used to determine compliance with the opacity limit.

NR 440.76(9)(k) (k) What additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system? You shall use the required span values and applicable performance specifications in Table 4 of this section.

NR 440.76(9)(L) (L) What must I do if any of my continuous emission monitoring systems are temporarily unavailable to meet the data collection requirements? You shall refer to Table 4 of this section. It shows alternate methods for collecting data when systems malfunction or when repairs, calibration checks or zero and span checks keep you from collecting the minimum amount of data.

NR 440.76(10) (10) Stack testing.

NR 440.76(10)(a) (a) What types of stack tests must I conduct? You shall conduct initial and annual stack tests to measure the emission levels of dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride and fugitive ash.

NR 440.76(10)(b) (b) How are the stack test data used? You shall use results of stack tests for dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride and fugitive ash to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits in Table 1 of this section. To demonstrate compliance for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, see sub. (9) (c).

NR 440.76(10)(c) (c) What schedule must I follow for the stack testing?