NR 440.75(5)(a)5.5. ‘Alternative methods.’ The owner or operator may use other methods to determine the NMOC concentration or a site-specific k as an alternative to the methods required in subds. 3. and 4. if the method has been approved by the administrator. NR 440.75(5)(b)1.1. After the installation of a collection and control system in compliance with sub. (6), the owner or operator shall calculate the NMOC emission rate for purposes of determining when the system can be removed as provided in sub. (3) (b) 3., using the following equation: where:
MNMOC is the mass emission rate of NMOC in megagrams per year
QLFG is the flow rate of landfill gas in cubic meters per minute
CNMOC is the NMOC concentration in parts per million by volume as hexane
NR 440.75(5)(b)2.2. The flow rate of landfill gas, QLFG, shall be determined by measuring the total landfill gas flow rate at the common header pipe that leads to the control device using a gas flow measuring device calibrated according to the provisions of section 4 of Method 2E in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1). NR 440.75(5)(b)3.3. The average NMOC concentration, CNMOC, shall be determined by collecting and analyzing landfill gas sampled from the common header pipe before the gas moving or condensate removal equipment using the procedures in Method 25C or Method 18 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1). If using Method 18, the minimum list of compounds to be tested shall be those published in the most recent Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (2) (i) 2. The sample location on the common header pipe shall be before any condensate removal or other gas refining units. The landfill owner or operator shall divide the NMOC concentration from Method 25C by 6 to convert from CNMOC as carbon to CNMOC as hexane. NR 440.75(5)(b)4.4. The owner or operator may use another method to determine landfill gas flow rate and NMOC concentration if the method has been approved by the department. NR 440.75(5)(c)(c) When calculating emissions for purposes of prevention of significant deterioration, the owner or operator of each MSW landfill subject to the provisions of this section shall estimate the NMOC emission rate for comparison to the major source and significance levels in s. NR 405.02 using the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (2) (i) 2., or other measurement procedures approved by the department. NR 440.75(5)(d)(d) For the performance test required in sub. (3) (b) 2. c. 2), Method 18, 25 or 25C in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), shall be used to determine compliance with the 98% by weight reduction efficiency or the 20 ppmv outlet concentration level, unless another method to demonstrate compliance has been approved by the department as provided by sub. (3) (b) 2. a. 2). Method 3 or 3A, in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), shall be used to determine oxygen for correcting the NMOC concentration as hexane to 3%. In cases where the outlet concentration is less than 50 ppm NMOC as carbon (8 ppm NMOC as hexane), Method 25A shall be used in place of Method 25. If Method 18 is used, the minimum list of compounds to be tested shall be those published in the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (2) (i) 2. The following equation shall be used to calculate efficiency: where:
NMOCin is the mass of NMOC entering control device
NMOCout is the mass of NMOC exiting control device
NR 440.75(6)(a)1.1. For the purpose of calculating the maximum expected gas generation flow rate from the landfill to determine compliance with sub. (3) (b) 2. b. 1) a), one of the equations in this subdivision shall be used. The k and Lo kinetic factors shall be those published in the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (2) (i) 2., or other site specific values demonstrated to be appropriate and approved by the department. If k has been determined as specified in sub. (5) (a) 4., the value of k determined from the test shall be used. A value of no more than 15 years shall be used for the intended use period of the gas mover equipment. The active life of the landfill is the age of the landfill plus the estimated number of years until closure. The equations are as follows: where:
Qm is the maximum expected gas generation flow rate in cubic meters per year
Lo is the methane generation potential in cubic meters per megagram of solid waste
R is the average annual acceptance rate in megagrams per year
k is the methane generation rate constant in year-1
t is the age of the landfill at equipment installation plus the time the owner or operator intends to use the gas mover equipment or active life of the landfill, whichever is less. If the equipment is installed after closure, t is the age of the landfill at installation in years.
C is the time since closure in years. For an active landfill c = 0 and e-kc = 1.
where:
Qm is the maximum expected gas generation flow rate in cubic meters per year
k is the methane generation rate constant in year-1
Lo is the methane generation potential in cubic meters per megagram of solid waste
Mi is the mass of solid waste in the ith section in megagrams
ti is the age of the ith section in years
NR 440.75(6)(a)2.2. If a collection and control system has been installed, actual flow data may be used to project the maximum expected gas generation flow rate instead of, or in conjunction with, the equation in subd. 1. a. or b. If the landfill is still accepting waste, the actual measured flow data will not equal the maximum expected gas generation rate, so calculations using the equation in subd. 1. a. or b. or other methods shall be used to predict the maximum expected gas generation rate over the intended period of use of the gas control system equipment. NR 440.75(6)(a)3.3. For the purposes of determining sufficient density of gas collectors for compliance with sub. (3) (b) 2. b. 1) b), the owner or operator shall design a system of vertical wells, horizontal collectors or other collection devices, satisfactory to the department, capable of controlling and extracting gas from all portions of the landfill sufficient to meet all operational and performance standards. NR 440.75(6)(a)4.4. For the purpose of demonstrating whether the gas collection system flow rate is sufficient to determine compliance with sub. (3) (b) 2. b. 1) c), the owner or operator shall measure gauge pressure in the gas collection header at each individual well, monthly. If a positive pressure exists, action shall be initiated to correct the exceedance within 5 calendar days, except for the 3 conditions allowed under sub. (4) (a) 2. If negative pressure cannot be achieved without excess air infiltration within 15 calendar days of the first measurement, the gas collection system shall be expanded to correct the exceedance within 120 days of the initial measurement of positive pressure. Any attempted corrective measure may not cause exceedances of other operational or performance standards. An alternative timeline for correcting the exceedance may be submitted to the department for approval. NR 440.75(6)(a)5.5. Owners or operators are not required to expand the system as required in subd. 4. during the first 180 days after gas collection system startup. NR 440.75(6)(a)6.6. For the purpose of identifying whether excess air infiltration into the landfill is occurring, the owner or operator shall monitor each well monthly for temperature and nitrogen or oxygen as provided in sub. (4) (a) 3. If a well exceeds one of these operating parameters, action shall be initiated to correct the exceedance within 5 calendar days. If correction of the exceedance cannot be achieved within 15 calendar days of the first measurement, the gas collection system shall be expanded to correct the exceedance within 120 days of the initial exceedance. Any attempted corrective measure may not cause exceedances of other operational or performance standards. An alternative timeline for correcting the exceedance may be submitted to the department for approval. NR 440.75(6)(a)7.7. An owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with sub. (3) (b) 2. b. 1) d) through the use of a collection system not conforming to the specifications provided in sub. (10) shall provide information satisfactory to the department as specified in sub. (3) (b) 2. a. 3) demonstrating that off-site migration is being controlled. NR 440.75(6)(b)(b) For purposes of compliance with sub. (4) (a) 1., each owner or operator of a controlled landfill shall place each well or design component as specified in the approved design plan as provided in sub. (3) (b) 2. a. Each well shall be installed no later than 60 days after the date on which the initial solid waste has been in place for a period of one of the following: NR 440.75(6)(c)(c) The following procedures shall be used for compliance with the surface methane operational standard as provided in sub. (4) (a) 4.: NR 440.75(6)(c)1.1. After installation of the collection system, the owner or operator shall monitor surface concentrations of methane along the entire perimeter of the collection area and along a pattern that traverses the landfill at 30 meter intervals, or along a site-specific established spacing, for each collection area on a quarterly basis using an organic vapor analyzer, flame ionization detector, or other portable monitor meeting the specifications provided in par. (d). NR 440.75(6)(c)2.2. The background concentration shall be determined by moving the probe inlet upwind and downwind outside the boundary of the landfill at a distance of at least 30 meters from the perimeter wells. NR 440.75(6)(c)3.3. Surface emission monitoring shall be performed in accordance with section 4.3.1 of Method 21 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), except that the probe inlet shall be placed within 5 to 10 centimeters of the ground. Monitoring shall be performed during typical meteorological conditions. NR 440.75(6)(c)4.4. Any reading of 500 parts per million or more above background at any location shall be recorded as a monitored exceedance and the actions specified in this subdivision shall be taken. As long as the specified actions are taken, the exceedance is not a violation of the operational requirements of sub. (4) (a) 4. The actions are as follows: NR 440.75(6)(c)4.a.a. The location of each monitored exceedance shall be marked and the location recorded. NR 440.75(6)(c)4.b.b. Cover maintenance or adjustments to the vacuum of the adjacent wells to increase the gas collection in the vicinity of each exceedance shall be made and the location shall be re-monitored within 10 calendar days of detecting the exceedance. NR 440.75(6)(c)4.c.c. If the re-monitoring of the location shows a second exceedance, additional corrective action shall be taken and the location shall be monitored again within 10 days of the second exceedance. If the re-monitoring shows a third exceedance for the same location, the action specified in subd. 4. e. shall be taken, and no further monitoring of that location is required until the action specified in subd. 4. e. has been taken. NR 440.75(6)(c)4.d.d. Any location that initially showed an exceedance but has a methane concentration less than 500 ppm methane above background at the 10-day re-monitoring specified in subd. 4. b. or c. shall be re-monitored one month from the initial exceedance. If the 1-month remonitoring shows a concentration less than 500 parts per million above background, no further monitoring of that location is required until the next quarterly monitoring period. If the 1-month remonitoring shows an exceedance, the actions specified in subd. 4. c. or e. shall be taken. NR 440.75(6)(c)4.e.e. For any location where monitored methane concentration equals or exceeds 500 parts per million above background 3 times within a quarterly period, a new well or other collection device shall be installed within 120 calendar days of the initial exceedance. An alternative remedy to the exceedance, such as upgrading the blower, header pipes or control device, and a corresponding timeline for installation may be submitted to the department for approval. NR 440.75(6)(c)5.5. The owner or operator shall implement a program to monitor for cover integrity and implement cover repairs as necessary on a monthly basis. NR 440.75(6)(d)(d) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with the provisions in par. (c) shall comply with the following instrumentation specifications and procedures for surface emission monitoring devices: NR 440.75(6)(d)1.1. The portable analyzer shall meet the instrument specifications provided in section 3 of Method 21 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), except that “methane” shall replace all references to VOC. NR 440.75(6)(d)2.2. The calibration gas shall be methane, diluted to a nominal concentration of 500 parts per million in air. NR 440.75(6)(d)3.3. To meet the performance evaluation requirements in section 3.1.3 of Method 21 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), the instrument evaluation procedures of section 4.4 of Method 21 shall be used. NR 440.75(6)(d)4.4. The calibration procedures provided in section 4.2 of Method 21 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), shall be followed immediately before commencing a surface monitoring survey. NR 440.75(6)(e)(e) The provisions of this section apply at all times, except during periods of startup, shutdown or malfunction, provided that the duration of startup, shutdown or malfunction may not exceed 5 days for collection systems and may not exceed one hour for treatment or control devices. NR 440.75(7)(a)(a) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with sub. (3) (b) 2. b. 1) for an active gas collection system shall install a sampling port and a thermometer, other temperature measuring device, or an access port for temperature measurements at each wellhead and do all of the following: NR 440.75(7)(b)(b) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with sub. (3) (b) 2. c. using an enclosed combustor shall calibrate, maintain and operate according to the manufacturer’s specifications, the following equipment: NR 440.75(7)(b)1.1. A temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder and having a minimum accuracy of ± 1% of the temperature being measured, expressed in degrees Celsius, or ± 0.5 degrees Celsius, whichever is greater. A temperature monitoring device is not required for boilers or process heaters with design heat input capacity equal to or greater than 44 megawatts. NR 440.75(7)(b)2.2. A device that records flow to or bypass of the control device. The owner or operator shall do one of the following: NR 440.75(7)(b)2.a.a. Install, calibrate and maintain a gas flow rate measuring device that shall record the flow to the control device at least every 15 minutes. NR 440.75(7)(b)2.b.b. Secure the bypass line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of the seal or closure mechanism shall be performed at least once every month to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and that the gas flow is not diverted through the bypass line. NR 440.75(7)(c)(c) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with sub. (3) (b) 2. c. using an open flare shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate according to the manufacturer’s specifications the following equipment: NR 440.75(7)(c)1.1. A heat sensing device, such as an ultraviolet beam sensor or thermocouple, at the pilot light or the flame itself to indicate the continuous presence of a flame. NR 440.75(7)(c)2.2. A device that records flow to or bypass of the flare. The owner or operator shall do one of the following: NR 440.75(7)(c)2.a.a. Install, calibrate and maintain a gas flow rate measuring device that shall record the flow to the control device at least every 15 minutes. NR 440.75(7)(c)2.b.b. Secure the bypass line valve in the closed position with a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of the seal or closure mechanism shall be performed at least once every month to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and that the gas flow is not diverted through the bypass line. NR 440.75(7)(d)(d) Each owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with sub. (3) (b) 2. c. using a device other than an open flare or an enclosed combustor shall provide information satisfactory to the department as provided in sub. (3) (b) 2. a. 2) describing the operation of the control device, the operating parameters that would indicate proper performance, and appropriate monitoring procedures. The department shall review the information and either approve it or request that additional information be submitted. The department may specify additional appropriate monitoring procedures. NR 440.75(7)(e)(e) Each owner or operator seeking to install a collection system that does not meet the specifications in sub. (10), or seeking to monitor alternative parameters to those required by subs. (4) to (6) or this subsection, shall provide information satisfactory to the department as provided in sub. (3) (b) 2. a. 2) and 3) describing the design and operation of the collection system, the operating parameters that would indicate proper performance, and appropriate monitoring procedures. The department may specify additional appropriate monitoring procedures. NR 440.75(7)(f)(f) Each owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with sub. (6) (c) shall monitor surface concentrations of methane according to the instrument specifications and procedures provided in sub. (6) (d). Any closed landfill that has no monitored exceedances of the operational standard in 3 consecutive quarterly monitoring periods may skip to annual monitoring. Any methane reading of 500 ppm or more above background detected during the annual monitoring shall return the frequency for that landfill to quarterly monitoring. NR 440.75(8)(a)(a) Each owner or operator subject to the requirements of this section shall do all of the following: NR 440.75(8)(a)1.1. Submit to the department an initial design capacity report which fulfills the requirements of the notification of the date construction is commenced as required under s. NR 440.07 (1) (a) no later than one of the following: NR 440.75(8)(a)1.a.a. June 10, 1996, for landfills that commenced construction, modification or reconstruction on or after May 30, 1991 but before March 12, 1996. NR 440.75(8)(a)1.b.b. Ninety days after the date of commenced construction, modification or reconstruction for landfills that commence construction, modification or reconstruction on or after March 12, 1996. NR 440.75(8)(a)2.2. Ensure that the initial design capacity report submitted under subd. 1. contains the following information: NR 440.75(8)(a)2.a.a. A map or plot of the landfill, providing the size and location of the landfill, and identifying all areas where solid waste may be landfilled according to an operating license issued under s. 289.31, Stats., by the department. NR 440.75(8)(a)2.b.b. The maximum design capacity of the landfill. Where the maximum design capacity is specified in an operating license issued under s. 289.31, Stats., by the department, a copy of the operating license specifying the maximum design capacity may be submitted as part of the report. If the maximum design capacity of the landfill is not specified in the operating license, the maximum design capacity shall be calculated using good engineering practices. The calculations shall be provided, along with the relevant parameters, as part of the report. The department may request other reasonable information as may be necessary to verify the maximum design capacity of the landfill.
