where:
MNMOC is the mass emission rate of NMOC in megagrams per year
Lo is the methane generation potential in cubic meters per megagram of solid waste
R is the average annual acceptance rate in megagrams per year. The mass of nondegradable solid waste may be subtracted from the total mass of solid waste in a particular section of the landfill when calculating the value or R, if documentation of the nature and amount of such wastes is maintained.
k is the methane generation rate constant in year-1
t is the age of landfill in years
CNMOC is the concentration of NMOC in parts per million by volume as hexane
c is the time since closure in years. For active landfill c = O and e-kc = 1.
3.6 x 10-9 is a conversion factor
NR 440.75(5)(a)2.
2. `Tier 1.' The owner or operator shall compare the calculated NMOC mass emission rate to the standard of 50 megagrams per year and then do one of the following:
NR 440.75(5)(a)2.a.
a. If the NMOC emission rate calculated in
subd. 1. is less than 50 megagrams per year, the landfill owner shall submit an emission rate report as provided in
sub. (8) (b) 1., and shall recalculate the NMOC mass emission rate annually as required under
sub. (3) (b) 1.
NR 440.75(5)(a)2.b.
b. If the calculated NMOC emission rate is equal to or greater than 50 megagrams per year, the landfill owner shall either comply with
sub. (3) (b) 2., or determine a site-specific NMOC concentration and recalculate the NMOC emission rate using the procedures provided in
subd. 3.
NR 440.75(5)(a)3.
3. `Tier 2.' The landfill owner or operator shall determine the NMOC concentration using the sampling procedures in this subdivision. The landfill owner or operator shall install at least 2 sample probes per hectare of landfill surface that has retained waste for at least 2 years. If the landfill is larger than 25 hectares in area, only 50 sample probes are required. The sample probes shall be located to avoid known areas of nondegradable solid waste. The owner or operator shall collect and analyze one sample of landfill gas from each probe to determine the NMOC concentration using Method 25 or 25C in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (1). Method 18 in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (1), may be used to analyze the samples collected by the Method 25 or 25C sampling procedure. Taking composite samples from different probes into a single cylinder is allowed; however, equal sample volumes shall be taken from each probe. For each composite, the sampling rate, collection times, beginning and ending cylinder vacuums, or alternative volume measurements shall be recorded to verify that composite volumes are equal. Composite sample volumes may not be less than one liter unless evidence can be provided to substantiate the accuracy of smaller volumes. The owner or operator shall terminate compositing before the cylinder approaches ambient pressure, where measurement accuracy diminishes. If using Method 18, the owner or operator shall identify all compounds in the sample and, as a minimum, test for those compounds published in the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (2) (i) 2., minus carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and mercury. As a minimum, the instrument shall be calibrated for each of the compounds on the list. The concentration of each Method 18 compound shall be converted to C
NMOC as hexane by multiplying by the ratio of its carbon atoms divided by 6. If more than the required number of samples are taken, all samples shall be used in the analysis. The landfill owner or operator shall divide the NMOC concentration from Method 25 or 25C by 6 to convert from C
NMOC as carbon to C
NMOC as hexane. If the landfill has an active or passive gas removal system in place, Method 25 or 25C samples may be collected from these systems instead of surface probes provided the removal system can be shown to provide sampling as representative as the 2 sampling probe per hectare requirement. For active collection systems, samples may be collected from the common header pipe before the gas moving or condensate removal equipment. For these systems, a minimum of 3 samples shall be collected from the header pipe. The landfill owner or operator shall recalculate the NMOC mass emission rate using the equations in
subd. 1. and using the average NMOC concentration from the collected samples instead of the default value for the equation provided in
subd. 1., and then do one of the following:
NR 440.75(5)(a)3.a.
a. If the resulting mass emission rate calculated using the site-specific NMOC concentration is equal to or greater than 50 megagrams per year, the landfill owner or operator shall either comply with
sub. (3) (b) 2., or determine the site-specific methane generation rate constant and recalculate the NMOC emission rate using the site-specific methane generation rate constant and using the procedure specified in
subd. 4.
NR 440.75(5)(a)3.b.
b. If the resulting NMOC mass emission rate is less than 50 megagrams per year, the owner or operator shall submit a periodic estimate of the emission rate report as provided in
sub. (8) (b) 1. and retest the site-specific NMOC concentration every 5 years using the methods specified in this subsection.
NR 440.75(5)(a)4.
4. `Tier 3.' A landfill owner or operator electing to determine the site-specific methane generation rate constant and to recalculate the NMOC emission rate under this subdivision shall follow the procedures in this subdivision. The site-specific methane generation rate constant shall be determined using the procedures provided in Method 2E in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (1). The landfill owner or operator shall estimate the NMOC mass emission rate using the equations in
subd. 1. as appropriate and using a site-specific methane generation rate constant, k, and the site-specific NMOC concentration as determined in
subd. 3. instead of the default values provided in
subd. 1. The landfill owner or operator shall compare the resulting NMOC mass emission rate to the standard of 50 megagrams per year, and then do one of the following:
NR 440.75(5)(a)4.a.
a. If the NMOC mass emission rate as calculated using the site-specific methane generation rate constant and concentration of NMOC is equal to or greater than 50 megagrams per year, the owner or operator shall comply with
sub. (3) (b) 2.
NR 440.75(5)(a)4.b.
b. If the NMOC mass emission rate is less than 50 megagrams per year, the owner or operator shall submit a periodic emission rate report as provided in
sub. (8) (b) 1. and shall recalculate the NMOC mass emission rate annually, as provided in
sub. (8) (b) 1. using the equations in
subd. 1. and using the site-specific methane generation rate constant and NMOC concentration obtained in
subd. 3. The calculation of the methane generation rate constant is performed only once, and the value obtained from this test shall be used in all subsequent annual NMOC emission rate calculations.
NR 440.75(5)(a)5.
5. `Alternative methods.' The owner or operator may use other methods to determine the NMOC concentration or a site-specific k as an alternative to the methods required in
subds. 3. and
4. if the method has been approved by the administrator.
NR 440.75(5)(b)1.1. After the installation of a collection and control system in compliance with
sub. (6), the owner or operator shall calculate the NMOC emission rate for purposes of determining when the system can be removed as provided in
sub. (3) (b) 3., using the following equation:
where:
MNMOC is the mass emission rate of NMOC in megagrams per year
QLFG is the flow rate of landfill gas in cubic meters per minute
CNMOC is the NMOC concentration in parts per million by volume as hexane
NR 440.75(5)(b)2.
2. The flow rate of landfill gas, Q
LFG, shall be determined by measuring the total landfill gas flow rate at the common header pipe that leads to the control device using a gas flow measuring device calibrated according to the provisions of section 4 of Method 2E in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (1).
NR 440.75(5)(b)3.
3. The average NMOC concentration, C
NMOC, shall be determined by collecting and analyzing landfill gas sampled from the common header pipe before the gas moving or condensate removal equipment using the procedures in Method 25C or Method 18 in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (1). If using Method 18, the minimum list of compounds to be tested shall be those published in the most recent Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (2) (i) 2. The sample location on the common header pipe shall be before any condensate removal or other gas refining units. The landfill owner or operator shall divide the NMOC concentration from Method 25C by 6 to convert from C
NMOC as carbon to C
NMOC as hexane.
NR 440.75(5)(b)4.
4. The owner or operator may use another method to determine landfill gas flow rate and NMOC concentration if the method has been approved by the department.
NR 440.75(5)(c)
(c) When calculating emissions for purposes of prevention of significant deterioration, the owner or operator of each MSW landfill subject to the provisions of this section shall estimate the NMOC emission rate for comparison to the major source and significance levels in
s. NR 405.02 using the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (2) (i) 2., or other measurement procedures approved by the department.
NR 440.75(5)(d)
(d) For the performance test required in
sub. (3) (b) 2. c. 2), Method 18, 25 or 25C in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (1), shall be used to determine compliance with the 98% by weight reduction efficiency or the 20 ppmv outlet concentration level, unless another method to demonstrate compliance has been approved by the department as provided by
sub. (3) (b) 2. a. 2). Method 3 or 3A, in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (1), shall be used to determine oxygen for correcting the NMOC concentration as hexane to 3%. In cases where the outlet concentration is less than 50 ppm NMOC as carbon (8 ppm NMOC as hexane), Method 25A shall be used in place of Method 25. If Method 18 is used, the minimum list of compounds to be tested shall be those published in the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (2) (i) 2. The following equation shall be used to calculate efficiency:
where:
NMOCin is the mass of NMOC entering control device
NMOCout is the mass of NMOC exiting control device
NR 440.75(6)(a)1.
1. For the purpose of calculating the maximum expected gas generation flow rate from the landfill to determine compliance with
sub. (3) (b) 2. b. 1) a), one of the equations in this subdivision shall be used. The k and Lo kinetic factors shall be those published in the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (2) (i) 2., or other site specific values demonstrated to be appropriate and approved by the department. If k has been determined as specified in
sub. (5) (a) 4., the value of k determined from the test shall be used. A value of no more than 15 years shall be used for the intended use period of the gas mover equipment. The active life of the landfill is the age of the landfill plus the estimated number of years until closure. The equations are as follows:
where:
Qm is the maximum expected gas generation flow rate in cubic meters per year
Lo is the methane generation potential in cubic meters per megagram of solid waste
R is the average annual acceptance rate in megagrams per year
k is the methane generation rate constant in year-1
t is the age of the landfill at equipment installation plus the time the owner or operator intends to use the gas mover equipment or active life of the landfill, whichever is less. If the equipment is installed after closure, t is the age of the landfill at installation in years.
C is the time since closure in years. For an active landfill c = 0 and e-kc = 1.
where:
Qm is the maximum expected gas generation flow rate in cubic meters per year
k is the methane generation rate constant in year-1
Lo is the methane generation potential in cubic meters per megagram of solid waste
Mi is the mass of solid waste in the ith section in megagrams
ti is the age of the ith section in years
NR 440.75(6)(a)2.
2. If a collection and control system has been installed, actual flow data may be used to project the maximum expected gas generation flow rate instead of, or in conjunction with, the equation in
subd. 1. a. or
b. If the landfill is still accepting waste, the actual measured flow data will not equal the maximum expected gas generation rate, so calculations using the equation in
subd. 1. a. or
b. or other methods shall be used to predict the maximum expected gas generation rate over the intended period of use of the gas control system equipment.
NR 440.75(6)(a)3.
3. For the purposes of determining sufficient density of gas collectors for compliance with
sub. (3) (b) 2. b. 1) b), the owner or operator shall design a system of vertical wells, horizontal collectors or other collection devices, satisfactory to the department, capable of controlling and extracting gas from all portions of the landfill sufficient to meet all operational and performance standards.
NR 440.75(6)(a)4.
4. For the purpose of demonstrating whether the gas collection system flow rate is sufficient to determine compliance with
sub. (3) (b) 2. b. 1) c), the owner or operator shall measure gauge pressure in the gas collection header at each individual well, monthly. If a positive pressure exists, action shall be initiated to correct the exceedance within 5 calendar days, except for the 3 conditions allowed under
sub. (4) (a) 2. If negative pressure cannot be achieved without excess air infiltration within 15 calendar days of the first measurement, the gas collection system shall be expanded to correct the exceedance within 120 days of the initial measurement of positive pressure. Any attempted corrective measure may not cause exceedances of other operational or performance standards. An alternative timeline for correcting the exceedance may be submitted to the department for approval.
NR 440.75(6)(a)5.
5. Owners or operators are not required to expand the system as required in
subd. 4. during the first 180 days after gas collection system startup.
NR 440.75(6)(a)6.
6. For the purpose of identifying whether excess air infiltration into the landfill is occurring, the owner or operator shall monitor each well monthly for temperature and nitrogen or oxygen as provided in
sub. (4) (a) 3. If a well exceeds one of these operating parameters, action shall be initiated to correct the exceedance within 5 calendar days. If correction of the exceedance cannot be achieved within 15 calendar days of the first measurement, the gas collection system shall be expanded to correct the exceedance within 120 days of the initial exceedance. Any attempted corrective measure may not cause exceedances of other operational or performance standards. An alternative timeline for correcting the exceedance may be submitted to the department for approval.
NR 440.75(6)(a)7.
7. An owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with
sub. (3) (b) 2. b. 1) d) through the use of a collection system not conforming to the specifications provided in
sub. (10) shall provide information satisfactory to the department as specified in
sub. (3) (b) 2. a. 3) demonstrating that off-site migration is being controlled.
NR 440.75(6)(b)
(b) For purposes of compliance with
sub. (4) (a) 1., each owner or operator of a controlled landfill shall place each well or design component as specified in the approved design plan as provided in
sub. (3) (b) 2. a. Each well shall be installed no later than 60 days after the date on which the initial solid waste has been in place for a period of one of the following:
NR 440.75(6)(c)
(c) The following procedures shall be used for compliance with the surface methane operational standard as provided in
sub. (4) (a) 4.:
NR 440.75(6)(c)1.
1. After installation of the collection system, the owner or operator shall monitor surface concentrations of methane along the entire perimeter of the collection area and along a pattern that traverses the landfill at 30 meter intervals, or along a site-specific established spacing, for each collection area on a quarterly basis using an organic vapor analyzer, flame ionization detector, or other portable monitor meeting the specifications provided in
par. (d).
NR 440.75(6)(c)2.
2. The background concentration shall be determined by moving the probe inlet upwind and downwind outside the boundary of the landfill at a distance of at least 30 meters from the perimeter wells.
NR 440.75(6)(c)3.
3. Surface emission monitoring shall be performed in accordance with section 4.3.1 of Method 21 in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (1), except that the probe inlet shall be placed within 5 to 10 centimeters of the ground. Monitoring shall be performed during typical meteorological conditions.
NR 440.75(6)(c)4.
4. Any reading of 500 parts per million or more above background at any location shall be recorded as a monitored exceedance and the actions specified in this subdivision shall be taken. As long as the specified actions are taken, the exceedance is not a violation of the operational requirements of
sub. (4) (a) 4. The actions are as follows:
NR 440.75(6)(c)4.a.
a. The location of each monitored exceedance shall be marked and the location recorded.
NR 440.75(6)(c)4.b.
b. Cover maintenance or adjustments to the vacuum of the adjacent wells to increase the gas collection in the vicinity of each exceedance shall be made and the location shall be re-monitored within 10 calendar days of detecting the exceedance.
NR 440.75(6)(c)4.c.
c. If the re-monitoring of the location shows a second exceedance, additional corrective action shall be taken and the location shall be monitored again within 10 days of the second exceedance. If the re-monitoring shows a third exceedance for the same location, the action specified in
subd. 4. e. shall be taken, and no further monitoring of that location is required until the action specified in
subd. 4. e. has been taken.
NR 440.75(6)(c)4.d.
d. Any location that initially showed an exceedance but has a methane concentration less than 500 ppm methane above background at the 10-day re-monitoring specified in
subd. 4. b. or
c. shall be re-monitored one month from the initial exceedance. If the 1-month remonitoring shows a concentration less than 500 parts per million above background, no further monitoring of that location is required until the next quarterly monitoring period. If the 1-month remonitoring shows an exceedance, the actions specified in
subd. 4. c. or
e. shall be taken.
NR 440.75(6)(c)4.e.
e. For any location where monitored methane concentration equals or exceeds 500 parts per million above background 3 times within a quarterly period, a new well or other collection device shall be installed within 120 calendar days of the initial exceedance. An alternative remedy to the exceedance, such as upgrading the blower, header pipes or control device, and a corresponding timeline for installation may be submitted to the department for approval.
NR 440.75(6)(c)5.
5. The owner or operator shall implement a program to monitor for cover integrity and implement cover repairs as necessary on a monthly basis.
NR 440.75(6)(d)
(d) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with the provisions in
par. (c) shall comply with the following instrumentation specifications and procedures for surface emission monitoring devices:
NR 440.75(6)(d)1.
1. The portable analyzer shall meet the instrument specifications provided in section 3 of Method 21 in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (1), except that “methane" shall replace all references to VOC.
NR 440.75(6)(d)2.
2. The calibration gas shall be methane, diluted to a nominal concentration of 500 parts per million in air.
NR 440.75(6)(d)3.
3. To meet the performance evaluation requirements in section 3.1.3 of Method 21 in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (1), the instrument evaluation procedures of section 4.4 of Method 21 shall be used.
NR 440.75(6)(d)4.
4. The calibration procedures provided in section 4.2 of Method 21 in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 440.17 (1), shall be followed immediately before commencing a surface monitoring survey.
NR 440.75(6)(e)
(e) The provisions of this section apply at all times, except during periods of startup, shutdown or malfunction, provided that the duration of startup, shutdown or malfunction may not exceed 5 days for collection systems and may not exceed one hour for treatment or control devices.
NR 440.75(7)(a)
(a) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with
sub. (3) (b) 2. b. 1) for an active gas collection system shall install a sampling port and a thermometer, other temperature measuring device, or an access port for temperature measurements at each wellhead and do all of the following:
NR 440.75(7)(b)
(b) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with
sub. (3) (b) 2. c. using an enclosed combustor shall calibrate, maintain and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications, the following equipment:
NR 440.75(7)(b)1.
1. A temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder and having a minimum accuracy of
± 1% of the temperature being measured, expressed in degrees Celsius, or
± 0.5 degrees Celsius, whichever is greater. A temperature monitoring device is not required for boilers or process heaters with design heat input capacity equal to or greater than 44 megawatts.
