NR 440.20NR 440.20 Electric steam generating units for which construction is commenced after September 18, 1978. NR 440.20(1)(1) Applicability and designation of affected facility. NR 440.20(1)(a)(a) The affected facility to which this section applies is each electric utility steam generating unit: NR 440.20(1)(a)1.1. That is capable of combusting more than 73 megawatts (250 million Btu/hour) heat input of fossil fuel, either alone or in combination with any other fuel; and NR 440.20(1)(a)2.2. For which construction or modification is commenced after September 18, 1978. NR 440.20(1)(b)(b) Unless and until s. NR 440.50 extends the applicability of s. NR 440.50 to electric utility steam generators, this section applies to electric utility combined cycle gas turbines that are capable of combusting more than 73 megawatts (250 million Btu/hour) heat input of fossil fuel in the steam generator. Only emissions resulting from combustion of fuels in the steam generating unit are subject to this section. NR 440.20 NoteNote: The gas turbine emissions are subject to s. NR 440.50. NR 440.20(1)(c)(c) Any change to an existing fossil-fuel-fired steam generating unit to accommodate the use of combustible materials, other than fossil fuels, will not bring that unit under the applicability of this section. NR 440.20(1)(d)(d) Any change to an existing steam generating unit originally designed to fire gaseous or liquid fossil fuels, to accommodate the use of any other fuel (fossil or nonfossil) will not bring that unit under the applicability of this section. NR 440.20(2)(2) Definitions. As used in this section, terms not defined in this subsection have the meanings given in s. NR 440.02. NR 440.20(2)(a)(a) “24-hour period” means the period of time between 12:01 a.m. and 12:00 midnight. NR 440.20(2)(b)(b) “Anthracite” means coal that is classified as anthracite according to the ASTM Standard Specification for Classification of Coals by Rank, D388-99 (reapproved 2004), incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (2) (a) 12. NR 440.20(2)(c)(c) “Available purchase power” means the lesser of the following: NR 440.20(2)(c)1.1. The sum of available system capacity in all neighboring companies. NR 440.20(2)(c)2.2. The sum of the rated capacities of the power interconnection devices between the principal company and all neighboring companies, minus the sum of the electric power load on these interconnections. NR 440.20(2)(c)3.3. The rated capacity of the power transmission lines between the power interconnection devices and the electric generating units (the unit in the principal company that has the malfunctioning flue gas desulfurization system and the unit or units in the neighboring company supplying replacement electrical power) less the electric power load on these transmission lines. NR 440.20(2)(d)(d) “Available system capacity” means the capacity determined by subtracting the system load and the system emergency reserves from the net system capacity. NR 440.20(2)(e)(e) “Boiler operating day” means a 24-hour period during which fossil fuel is combusted in a steam generating unit for the entire 24 hours. NR 440.20(2)(f)(f) “Coal refuse” means waste products of coal mining, physical coal cleaning, and coal preparation operations (e.g. culm, gob, etc.) containing coal, matrix material, clay, and other organic and inorganic material. NR 440.20(2)(g)(g) “Combined cycle gas turbine” means a stationary turbine combustion system where heat from the turbine exhaust gases is recovered by a steam generating unit. NR 440.20(2)(gr)(gr) “Duct burner” means a device that combusts fuel and that is placed in the exhaust duct from another source, such as a stationary gas turbine, internal combustion engine or kiln, to allow the firing of additional fuel to heat the exhaust gases before the exhaust gases enter a heat recovery steam generating unit. NR 440.20(2)(h)(h) “Electric utility combined cycle gas turbine” means any combined cycle gas turbine used for electric generation that is constructed for the purpose of supplying more than one-third of its potential electric output capacity and more than 25 MW electrical output to any utility power distribution system for sale. Any steam distribution system that is constructed for the purpose of providing steam to a steam-electric generator that would produce electrical power for sale is also considered in determining the electrical energy output capacity of the affected facility. NR 440.20(2)(i)(i) “Electric utility company” means the largest interconnected organization, business or governmental entity that generates electric power for sale (e.g., a holding company with operating subsidiary companies). NR 440.20(2)(j)(j) “Electric utility steam generating unit” means any steam electric generating unit that is constructed for the purpose of supplying more than one-third of its potential electric output capacity and more than 25 MW electrical output to any utility power distribution system for sale. Any steam supplied to a steam distribution system for the purpose of providing steam to a steam-electric generator that would produce electrical energy for sale is also considered in determining the electrical energy output capacity of the affected facility. NR 440.20(2)(k)1.1. The electric generation output of an affected facility with a malfunctioning flue gas desulfurization system cannot be reduced or electrical output must be increased because: NR 440.20(2)(k)1.a.a. All available system capacity in the principal company interconnected with the affected facility is being operated, and NR 440.20(2)(k)1.b.b. All available purchase power interconnected with the affected facility is being obtained, or NR 440.20(2)(k)2.2. The electric generation demand is being shifted as quickly as possible from an affected facility with a malfunctioning flue gas desulfurization system to one or more electrical generating units held in reserve by the principal company or by a neighboring company, or NR 440.20(2)(k)3.3. An affected facility with a malfunctioning flue gas desulfurization system becomes the only available unit to maintain a part or all of the principal company’s system emergency reserves and the unit is operated in spinning reserve at the lowest practical electric generation load consistent with not causing significant physical damage to the unit. If the unit is operated at a higher load to meet load demand, an emergency condition would not exist unless the conditions under subd. 1. apply. NR 440.20(2)(L)(L) “Fossil fuel” means natural gas, petroleum, coal, and any form of solid, liquid or gaseous fuel derived from such material for the purpose of creating useful heat. NR 440.20(2)(Lm)(Lm) “Gross output” means the gross useful work performed by the steam generated. For units generating only electricity, the gross useful work performed is the gross electrical output from the turbine or generator set. For cogeneration units, the gross useful work performed is the gross electrical output plus one half the useful thermal output (that is, steam delivered to an industrial process). NR 440.20(2)(m)(m) “Interconnected” means that 2 or more electric generating units are electrically tied together by a network of power transmission lines, and other power transmission equipment. NR 440.20(2)(n)(n) “Lignite” means coal that is classified as lignite A or B according to the ASTM Standard Specification for Classification of Coals by Rank, D388-99 (reapproved 2004), incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (2) (a) 12. NR 440.20(2)(o)(o) “Neighboring company” means any one of those electric utility companies with one or more electric power interconnections to the principal company and which have geographically adjoining service areas. NR 440.20(2)(p)(p) “Net system capacity” means the sum of the net electric generating capability (not necessarily equal to rated capacity) of all electric generating equipment owned by an electric utility company (including steam generating units, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, nuclear units, hydroelectric units, and all other electric generating equipment) plus firm contractual purchases that are interconnected to the affected facility that has the malfunctioning flue gas desulfurization system. The electric generating capability of equipment under multiple ownership is prorated based on ownership unless the proportional entitlement to electric output is otherwise established by contractual arrangement. NR 440.20(2)(q)(q) “Potential combustion concentration” means the theoretical emissions (ng/J, lb/million Btu heat input) that would result from combustion of a fuel in an uncleaned state without emission control systems) and: NR 440.20(2)(r)(r) “Potential electrical output capacity” means 33% of the maximum design heat input capacity of the system generating unit (e.g., a steam generating unit with a 100-MW (340 million Btu/hr) fossil-fuel heat input capacity would have a 33-MW potential electrical output capacity). For electric utility combined cycle gas turbines the potential electrical output capacity is determined on the basis of the fossil-fuel firing capacity of the steam generator exclusive of the heat input and electrical power contribution by the gas turbine. NR 440.20(2)(s)(s) “Principal company” means the electric utility company which owns the affected facility. NR 440.20(2)(t)(t) “Resource recovery unit” means a facility that combusts more than 75% nonfossil fuel on a quarterly (calendar) heat input basis. NR 440.20(2)(u)(u) “Solid-derived fuel” means any solid, liquid or gaseous fuel derived from solid fuel for the purpose of creating useful heat and includes, but is not limited to, solvent refined coal, liquified coal and gasified coal. NR 440.20(2)(v)(v) “Spare flue gas desulfurization system module” means a separate system of sulfur dioxide emission control equipment capable of treating an amount of flue gas equal to the total amount of flue gas generated by an affected facility when operated at maximum capacity divided by the total number of nonspare flue gas desulfurization modules in the system. NR 440.20(2)(w)(w) “Spinning reserve” means the sum of the unutilized net generating capability of all units of the electric utility company that are synchronized to the power distribution system and that are capable of immediately accepting additional load. The electric generating capability of equipment under multiple ownership shall be prorated based on ownership unless the proportional entitlement to electric output is otherwise established by contractual arrangement. NR 440.20(2)(x)(x) “Steam generating unit” means any furnace, boiler, or other device used for combusting fuel for the purpose of producing steam including fossil-fuel-fired steam generators associated with combined cycle gas turbines but nuclear steam generators are not included. NR 440.20(2)(y)(y) “Subbituminous coal” means coal that is classified as subbituminous A, B or C according to the ASTM Standard Specification for Classification of Coals by Rank, D388-99 (reapproved 2004), incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (2) (a) 12. NR 440.20(2)(z)(z) “System emergency reserves” means an amount of electric generating capacity equivalent to the rated capacity of the single largest electric generating unit in the electric utility company (including steam generating units, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, nuclear units, hydroelectric units and all other electric generating equipment) which is interconnected with the affected facility that has the malfunctioning flue gas desulfurization system. The electric generating capability of equipment under multiple ownership shall be prorated based on ownership unless the proportional entitlement to electric output is otherwise established by contractual arrangement. NR 440.20(2)(zm)(zm) “System load” means the entire electric demand of an electric utility company’s service area interconnected with the affected facility that has the malfunctioning flue gas desulfurization system plus firm contractual sales to other electric utility companies. Sales to other electric utility companies (e.g., emergency power) not on a firm contractual basis may also be included in the system load when no available system capacity exists in the electric utility company to which the power is supplied for sale. NR 440.20(3)(a)(a) On and after the date on which the performance test required to be conducted under s. NR 440.08 is completed, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this section may cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any affected facility any gases which contain particulate matter in excess of: NR 440.20(3)(a)1.1. 13 ng/J (0.03 lb/million Btu) heat input derived from the combustion of solid, liquid or gaseous fuel; NR 440.20(3)(a)2.2. One percent of the potential combustion concentration (99% reduction) when combusting solid fuel; and NR 440.20(3)(a)3.3. 30% of potential combustion concentration (70% reduction) when combusting liquid fuel. NR 440.20(3)(b)(b) On and after the date the particulate matter performance test required to be conducted under s. NR 440.08 is completed, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this section may cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any affected facility any gases which exhibit greater than 20% opacity (6-minute average), except for one 6-minute period per hour of not more than 27% opacity. NR 440.20(4)(a)(a) On and after the date on which the initial performance test required to be conducted under s. NR 440.08 is completed, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this section may cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any affected facility which combusts solid fuel or solid-derived fuel, except as provided under par. (c), (d), (f) or (h), any gases which contain sulfur dioxide in excess of: NR 440.20(4)(a)1.1. 520 ng/J (1.20 lb/million Btu) heat input and 10% of the potential combustion concentration (90% reduction), or NR 440.20(4)(a)2.2. 30% of the potential combustion concentration (70% reduction), when emissions are less than 260 ng/J (0.60 lb/million Btu) heat input. NR 440.20(4)(b)(b) On and after the date on which the initial performance test required to be conducted under s. NR 440.08 is completed, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this section may cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any affected facility which combusts liquid or gaseous fuels (except for liquid or gaseous fuels derived from solid fuels and as provided under par. (h)), any gases which contain sulfur dioxide in excess of: NR 440.20(4)(b)1.1. 340 ng/J (0.80 lb/million Btu) heat input and 10% of the potential combustion concentration (90% reduction), or NR 440.20(4)(b)2.2. 100% of the potential combustion concentration (zero percent reduction) when emissions are less than 86 ng/J (0.20 lb/million Btu) heat input. NR 440.20(4)(c)(c) On and after the date on which the initial performance test required to be conducted under s. NR 440.08 is complete, no owner or operator subject to the provisions of this section may cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from any affected facility which combusts solid solvent refined coal (SRC-I) any gases which contain sulfur dioxide in excess of 520 ng/J (1.20 lb/million Btu) heat input and 15% of the potential combustion concentration (85% reduction) except as provided under par. (f); compliance with the emission limitation is determined on a 30-day rolling average basis and compliance with the percent reduction requirement is determined on a 24-hour basis. NR 440.20(4)(d)(d) Sulfur dioxide emissions shall be limited to no more than 520 ng/J (1.20 lb/million Btu) heat input from any affected facility which: NR 440.20(4)(f)(f) The emission reduction requirements under this subsection do not apply to any affected facility that is operated under an SO2 commercial demonstration permit issued by the administrator in accordance with the provisions of 40 CFR 60.47Da. NR 440.20(4)(g)(g) Compliance with the emission limitation and percent reduction requirements under this subsection are both determined on a 30-day rolling average basis except as provided under par. (c). NR 440.20(4)(h)(h) When different fuels are combusted simultaneously, the applicable standard is determined by proration using the following formula: NR 440.20(4)(h)1.1. If emissions of sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere are greater than 260 ng/J (0.60 lb/million Btu) heat input: Es = [340 x + 520 y]/100
and
%Ps = 10
NR 440.20(4)(h)2.2. If emissions of sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere are equal to or less than 260 ng/J (0.60 lb/million Btu) heat input: Es = [340 x + 520 y]/100
and
%Ps = [10 x + 30 y]/100
where:
Es is the prorated sulfur dioxide emission limit (ng/J heat input)
%Ps is the percentage of potential sulfur dioxide emission allowed
x is the percentage of total heat input derived from the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels, excluding solid-derived fuels
y is the percentage of total heat input derived from the combustion of solid fuel, including solid-derived fuels
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Department of Natural Resources (NR)
Chs. NR 400-499; Environmental Protection – Air Pollution Control
administrativecode/NR 440.20(2)(k)3.
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section
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