Chapter NR 422

NR 422.141(3) (3) Work practices. On and after November 1, 2009, the owner or operator of a flexible packaging press subject to this subsection shall store all solvents, solvent solutions, and any applicator moistened with solvents or solvent solutions that are used in cleaning operations related to flexible packaging printing in covered non-absorbent, non-leaking containers, except when filling or emptying the container and shall convey VOC-containing cleaning material in closed containers or pipes.

NR 422.141 History History: CR 08-102: cr. Register July 2009 No. 643, eff. 8-1-09.

NR 422.142 NR 422.142 Lithographic printing — part 1.

NR 422.142(1) (1) Applicability.

NR 422.142(1)(a) (a) This section applies to all lithographic printing presses at any facility that is located in Kewaunee or Manitowoc county, was constructed before July 1, 2019, and has maximum theoretical emissions of VOCs from all lithographic printing presses at the facility greater than or equal to 755.7 kilograms (1666 pounds) in any month.

NR 422.142(1)(b) (b) To determine VOC emissions under par. (a), the VOC content of a lithographic ink shall be multiplied by 0.8 for a heatset ink, or multiplied by 0.05 for a non-heatset ink, to account for VOC retention on the substrate.

NR 422.142(1m) (1m) Retention factors and capture efficiencies. For purposes of determining VOC emissions from offset lithographic printing operations, the following retention factors and capture efficiencies may be used:

NR 422.142(1m)(a) (a) A 20% VOC retention factor for heatset inks printed on absorptive substrates, meaning 80% of the VOC in the ink is emitted during the printing process and is available for capture and control by an add-on pollution control device.

NR 422.142(1m)(b) (b) A 95% VOC retention factor for sheet-fed and non-heatset web inks printed on absorptive substrates, meaning 5% of the VOC in the ink is emitted during the printing process.

NR 422.142(1m)(c) (c) A 50% VOC retention factor for cleaning solution in shop towels where the composite partial vapor pressure of the VOC in the cleaning solution is less than 10 mm of Hg at 20°C (68°F) and the cleaning solution and contaminated shop towels are kept in closed containers, meaning 50% of the VOC used on the shop towels is emitted during the cleaning process.

NR 422.142(1m)(d) (d) A 100% VOC capture efficiency for inks. All the VOC in the ink that is not retained is assumed to be volatilized in the press dryer. Capture efficiency testing for heatset dryers is not required if it is demonstrated that pressure in the dryer is negative relative to the surrounding press room and the airflow is into the dryer.

NR 422.142(1m)(e) (e) A 70% VOC capture efficiency for fountain solutions containing alcohol substitutes.

NR 422.142(1m)(f) (f) A 40% VOC capture efficiency for automatic blanket or roller wash, as defined in s. NR 422.02 (7c), where the VOC composite partial vapor pressure of the automatic blanket or roller wash is less than 10 mm of Hg at 20°C (68°F).

NR 422.142(2) (2) Emission limitations.

NR 422.142(2)(a) (a) Dryer exhaust. Any person who owns or operates a heatset web lithographic printing press shall maintain the dryer pressure lower than the press room pressure at all points inside the dryer, and shall:

NR 422.142(2)(a)1. 1. Reduce VOC emissions from the press dryer exhaust by 90% by weight of total organics, minus methane and ethane, or maintain a maximum dryer exhaust outlet concentration of 20 ppmv, as carbon.

NR 422.142(2)(a)2. 2. If the dryer exhaust is controlled by a catalytic incinerator installed or modified before January 1, 1982, reduce VOC emissions from the press dryer exhaust by 85% by weight of total organics, minus methane and ethane.

NR 422.142(2)(b) (b) Fountain solutions.

NR 422.142(2)(b)1. 1. ‘Heatset web presses.’ Any person who owns or operates a heatset web lithographic printing press shall, when printing on a substrate other than metal, metal-foil or plastic, use a fountain solution which has a VOC content as applied of no more than one of the following:

NR 422.142(2)(b)1.a. a. 1.6% by weight if the fountain solution contains any restricted alcohol and is not refrigerated to 60°F or less.

NR 422.142(2)(b)1.b. b. 3.0% by weight if the fountain solution contains any restricted alcohol and is refrigerated to 60°F or less.

NR 422.142(2)(b)1.c. c. 5.0% by weight if the fountain solution contains no restricted alcohol.

NR 422.142(2)(b)2. 2. ‘Non-heatset web presses.’ Any person who owns or operates a non-heatset web lithographic printing press shall, when printing on a substrate other than metal, metal-foil or plastic, use a fountain solution which has a VOC content as applied of no more than 5.0% by weight and which contains no restricted alcohol.

NR 422.142(2)(b)3. 3. ‘Sheet-fed presses.’ Any person who owns or operates a sheet-fed lithographic printing press shall, when printing on a substrate other than metal, metal-foil or plastic, use a fountain solution which has a VOC content as applied of no more than one of the following:

NR 422.142(2)(b)3.a. a. 5.0% by weight.

NR 422.142(2)(b)3.b. b. 8.5% by weight if the fountain solution is refrigerated to 60°F or less.

NR 422.142(2)(b)4. 4. ‘Metal, metal-foil or plastic substrates.’ Any person who owns or operates any lithographic printing press shall, when printing on a metal, metal-foil or plastic substrate, use a fountain solution which has a VOC content as applied of no more than one of the following:

NR 422.142(2)(b)4.a. a. 13.5% by weight if the fountain solution contains any restricted alcohol and is refrigerated to 60°F or less.

NR 422.142(2)(b)4.b. b. Not more than that allowed under subd. 1. a. or c., 2., or 3. a., as appropriate for the type of press operated.

NR 422.142(2)(c) (c) Cleaning solutions.

NR 422.142(2)(c)1. 1. Except as provided in subd. 2., any person who owns or operates any lithographic printing press shall use a cleaning solution which, as applied, has any of the following:

NR 422.142(2)(c)1.a. a. A VOC content of no greater than 70% by weight.

NR 422.142(2)(c)1.b. b. A VOC composite partial vapor pressure of less than or equal to 10 mm of Hg at 20°C (68°F).

NR 422.142(2)(c)2. 2. The owner or operator of a facility may use a cleaning solution that does not meet the emission limitations of subd. 1., provided the amount used at the facility under this subdivision over any 12 consecutive months does not exceed any of the following:

NR 422.142(2)(c)2.a. a. If the facility does not print on a plastic substrate, 55 gallons.

NR 422.142(2)(c)2.b. b. If the facility does print on a plastic substrate, 165 gallons.

NR 422.142(3) (3) Monitoring requirements.

NR 422.142(3)(a) (a) The owner or operator of any lithographic printing press shall monitor at least once each 8-hour shift the temperature of each fountain solution reservoir for any fountain solution subject to sub. (2) (b) 1. b., 3. b., or 4. a.

NR 422.142(3)(b) (b) The owner or operator of any lithographic printing press subject to the VOC control device requirements of sub. (2) (a) shall comply with the monitoring requirements in s. NR 422.143 (5) (b).

NR 422.142(4) (4) Recordkeeping requirements. In addition to the applicable recordkeeping requirements in s. NR 439.04, the owner or operator of any lithographic printing press shall collect and record the applicable information specified in this subsection. The information shall be maintained at the facility for a minimum of 5 years and shall be made available to an authorized department representative at any time during normal working hours. The information required is all of the following:

NR 422.142(4)(a) (a) For a heatset web lithographic printing press using a control device, all of the following:

NR 422.142(4)(a)1. 1. Temperature monitoring data for the control device in accordance with sub. (3) (b) for each day of operation.

NR 422.142(4)(a)2. 2. A log or record of any time when the control device or control device monitoring equipment is offline while the associated printing line is in operation.

NR 422.142(4)(a)3. 3. A maintenance log for the control device and monitoring equipment detailing all maintenance performed and including dates and duration of any outages.

NR 422.142(4)(a)4. 4. Annual inspection results for catalytic oxidizers.

NR 422.142(4)(b) (b) For fountain solutions monitored under sub. (3), the fountain solution reservoir temperature for each 8-hour shift of operation.

NR 422.142(4)(c) (c) For each fountain solution used, the percent by weight VOC content as applied, and the chemical name of each restricted alcohol.

NR 422.142(4)(d) (d) For each cleaning solution prepared, the percent by weight VOC content or the VOC composite partial vapor pressure as applied.

NR 422.142(4)(e) (e) For each month of operation, the volume of all cleaning solutions used that do not meet the emission limitations of sub. (2) (c) 1., as allowed under sub. (2) (c) 2.

NR 422.142(5) (5) Compliance testing.

NR 422.142(5)(a) (a) The owner or operator of a heatset web lithographic printing press shall demonstrate compliance with the appropriate destruction efficiency or emission rate in sub. (2) (a) by performing compliance emission tests on each control device. The initial emission tests shall be performed by the compliance deadline in sub. (6) (a). Each emission test shall follow the methods and procedures listed in s. NR 439.07. Method 18, 25 or 25A in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (16), (19) and (20), shall be used to determine the VOC concentration at the sampling points. Method 25A may not be used if the outlet VOC concentration is greater than 100 ppmv, as carbon. When determining the VOC concentration, the probe must be heated during testing to at least the exhaust gas stream temperature.

NR 422.142(5)(b) (b) The owner or operator of a heatset web lithographic printing press shall perform the compliance emission tests required under par. (a) according to one of the following test schedules:

NR 422.142(5)(b)1. 1. Any facility with allowable VOC emissions from lithographic printing presses of 100 tons or more per year shall perform an emission test that demonstrates compliance with sub. (2) (a) every 24 months. Each biennial test shall be performed within 90 days of the anniversary date of the initial emission test or an alternate date approved by the department. The testing exceptions listed in s. NR 439.075 (4) may apply to this test schedule.

NR 422.142(5)(b)2. 2. Any facility with allowable VOC emissions from lithographic printing presses of less than 100 tons per year shall perform an initial emission test that demonstrates compliance with sub. (2) (a).

NR 422.142(5)(c) (c) The VOC content of the as-applied fountain solutions and cleaning solutions shall be determined in accordance with s. NR 422.143 (7) (c).

NR 422.142(5)(d) (d) The VOC composite partial vapor pressure of each cleaning solution shall be determined in accordance with s. NR 422.143 (7) (d).

NR 422.142(6) (6) Compliance schedule and certification requirements.

NR 422.142(6)(a) (a) Compliance schedule. The owner or operator of a lithographic printing press installed on or before July 1, 1996 shall achieve compliance with the applicable emission limitations of sub. (2) by July 1, 1996. Any person who installs a lithographic printing press after July 1, 1996 shall comply with the applicable emission limitations upon startup of the press.

NR 422.142(6)(b) (b) Certification.

NR 422.142(6)(b)1. 1. The owner or operator of a lithographic printing press which is installed on or before July 1, 1996 shall submit to the department no later than September 1, 1996 written certification that the press is in compliance with the applicable requirements of subs. (2) and (3) and shall provide a demonstration of compliance in accordance with subs. (4) and (5). A compliance emission test performed in accordance with s. NR 439.07 no more than 2 years prior to the compliance deadline, which demonstrates compliance with sub. (2) (a), is acceptable as a demonstration of compliance in accordance with sub. (5).

NR 422.142(6)(b)2. 2. The owner or operator of a heatset web lithographic printing press which is installed after July 1, 1996 shall perform a compliance emission test within 180 days after installation and shall submit to the department no later than 60 days after the test written certification that the press is in compliance with the applicable requirements of subs. (2) and (3) and a demonstration of compliance in accordance with subs. (4) and (5).

NR 422.142(6)(b)3. 3. The owner or operator of any lithographic printing press, other than a heatset web press, which is installed after July 1, 1996 shall submit to the department no later than 180 days after installation written certification that the press is in compliance with the applicable requirements of subs. (2) and (3) and a demonstration of compliance in accordance with subs. (4) and (5).

NR 422.142 Note Note: “Maximum theoretical emissions” has the meaning given in s. NR 419.02 (11).

NR 422.142 History History: Cr. Register, June, 1995, No. 474, eff. 7-1-95; am. (2) (c) 1. intro., Register, December, 1996, No. 492, eff. 1-1-97; am. (5) (d), Register, October, 1999, No. 526, eff. 11-1-99; correction in (5) (a) and (d) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats., Register October 2003 No. 574; CR 08-102: am. (title), cr. (1m) Register July 2009 No. 643, eff. 8-1-09; CR 11-005: am. (5) (d) Register January 2012 No. 673, eff. 2-1-12; CR 18-067: am. (1) (a), (1m) (f), (2) (c) (title), 1., 2. (intro.), (3) renum. to (3) (a), am. (3) (title), cr. (3) (b), am. (4) (intro.), (a), cr. (4) (a) 4., am. (4) (d), (e), (5) (b) 1., 2., (c), (d) Register June 2019 No. 762, eff. 7-1-19; correction in (3) (b) made under s. 35.17, Stats., Register June 2019 No. 762.

NR 422.143 NR 422.143 Lithographic printing — part 2.

NR 422.143(1) (1) Applicability.

NR 422.143(1)(a) (a) This section applies to the owner or operator of a printing facility that operates a lithographic printing press and meets all of the following criteria:

NR 422.143(1)(a)1. 1. The facility has actual VOC emissions from all lithographic printing presses, including related lithographic cleaning activities and fountain solution use at the facility, before consideration of controls, equal to or greater than 3 tons on a 12-consecutive month rolling basis.

NR 422.143(1)(a)2. 2. The facility meets any of the following criteria:

NR 422.143(1)(a)2.a. a. The facility is located in Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or Waukesha County.

NR 422.143(1)(a)2.b. b. The facility is constructed or modified on or after July 1, 2019, and is located in Kewaunee or Manitowoc county.

NR 422.143(1)(a)2.c. c. The facility is located in any area designated as a moderate, serious, severe, or extreme ozone nonattainment area.

NR 422.143(1)(a)2.d. d. The facility is located in any area formerly designated as a moderate, serious, severe, or extreme ozone nonattainment area that has subsequently been redesignated to attainment, except for any facility subject to s. NR 422.142.

NR 422.143(1)(am) (am) When determining the VOC emissions for applicability under this subsection, the VOC emissions shall include the emissions from the use of inks, fountain solutions, and cleaning solutions, as defined in s. NR 422.02 (14m).

NR 422.143(1m) (1m) Retention factors and capture efficiencies. For purposes of determining VOC emissions from offset lithographic printing operations, the following retention factors and capture efficiencies may be used:

NR 422.143(1m)(a) (a) A 20% VOC retention factor for heatset inks printed on absorptive substrates, meaning 80% of the VOC in the ink is emitted during the printing process and is available for capture and control by an add-on pollution control device.

NR 422.143(1m)(b) (b) A 95% VOC retention factor for sheet-fed and non-heatset web inks printed on absorptive substrates, meaning 5% of the VOC in the ink is emitted during the printing process.

NR 422.143(1m)(c) (c) A 50% VOC retention factor for cleaning solution VOC in shop towels where the composite partial vapor pressure of the VOC in the cleaning solution is less than 10 mm of Hg at 20°C (68°F) and the cleaning solution and contaminated shop towels are kept in closed containers, meaning 50% of the VOC used on the shop towels is emitted during the cleaning process.

NR 422.143(1m)(d) (d) A 100% VOC capture efficiency for inks. All the VOC in the ink that is not retained is assumed to be volatilized in the press dryer. Capture efficiency testing for heatset dryers is not required if it is demonstrated that pressure in the dryer is negative relative to the surrounding press room and the airflow is into the dryer.

NR 422.143(1m)(e) (e) A 70% VOC capture efficiency for fountain solutions containing alcohol substitutes.

NR 422.143(1m)(f) (f) A 40% VOC capture efficiency for automatic blanket or roller wash, as defined in s. NR 422.02 (7c), where the VOC composite partial vapor pressure of the automatic blanket or roller wash is less than 10 mm of Hg at 20°C (68°F).

NR 422.143(2) (2) Exemptions. All of the following exemptions apply to lithographic printing operations affected by this section:

NR 422.143(2)(a) (a) Up to 110 gallons of cleaning solutions, on a 12-consecutive month rolling basis, that do not meet the low VOC composite partial vapor pressure or low VOC content requirements as stated in this section, are exempt from the requirements of this section.

NR 422.143(2)(b) (b) The fountain solution VOC content requirements in sub. (3) (b) do not apply to sheet-fed presses with a maximum sheet size of up to 11 inches by 17 inches or to any lithographic press with a total fountain solution reservoir of less than one gallon.

NR 422.143(2)(c) (c) The printing of books on a heatset lithographic press is exempt from the requirements of sub. (3) (a).

NR 422.143(2)(d) (d) Heatset lithographic presses with a maximum web width of up to 22 inches are exempt from the requirements of sub. (3) (a).

NR 422.143(3) (3) Emission limitations.

NR 422.143(3)(a) (a) Dryer exhaust.

NR 422.143(3)(a)1. 1. On and after May 1, 2010, no owner or operator of a heatset web lithographic printing press may operate, or cause, allow or permit the operation of a lithographic press that has maximum theoretical emissions of VOCs, from the dryer, equal to or greater than 25 tons per year from heatset inks, unless the owner or operator installs and operates an emission control device and meets the applicable emission limitation as follows: