NR 214.07(1)(1)
Land treatment systems shall be designed and operated to minimize the level of substances in the groundwater and to prevent exceedence of the groundwater preventive action limits (PAL) to the extent technically and economically feasible. Groundwater preventive action limits are listed in ss.
NR 140.10 and
140.12.
NR 214.07(2)
(2) Responses when the preventive action limit is exceeded. For a facility where a PAL has been exceeded in a groundwater monitoring well, the department may require a variety of responses as listed in Table 5 of ch.
NR 140, such as requiring a change in the operation or design of the treatment system, requiring clean-up of the groundwater, or granting an exemption from the limit in accordance with s.
NR 140.28. An exemption may be granted only after the department determines that the concentration of the substance in the groundwater has been minimized to the extent technically and economically feasible. Best management practices, waste reduction, wastewater pretreatment and alternative treatment systems used by other dischargers within the same industrial category will be considered in making the determination of what is technically and economically feasible.
NR 214.07(3)
(3) Responses when the enforcement standard is exceeded. For a facility where an enforcement standard has been exceeded at a point of standards application, the department may require a variety of responses as listed in Table 6 of ch.
NR 140, such as requiring a change in the operation or design of the treatment system, requiring an alternate treatment system, requiring clean-up of the groundwater, or requiring closure of the land treatment system. An exemption may be granted in accordance with s.
NR 140.28 only after it has been determined that the background concentration of the substance in the groundwater has caused exceedence of the enforcement standard.
NR 214.07 History
History: Cr.
Register, June, 1990, No. 414, eff. 7-1-90.
NR 214.08
NR 214.08
Abandonment. Land treatment systems which will no longer be used shall be properly abandoned within 2 years of the date on which waste material was last applied. The department may require a plan that includes a procedure to properly identify the presence and characteristics of any accumulated solid matter and provide appropriate removal, disposal, treatment or recycling alternatives in accordance with applicable solid and hazardous waste laws. All recycling, treatment and disposal shall be conducted so as to protect public health and the environment. Unless otherwise directed by the department, soil that has been contaminated by a land treatment system shall be remediated in compliance with ch.
NR 720 when the land treatment system is abandoned. The plan shall also address site restoration and any landscaping that will prevent groundwater impacts, accumulation of standing water or runoff. The department may require groundwater monitoring for a period of time after abandonment of the land treatment system to assess groundwater impacts. The design, installation, construction, abandonment and documentation of all monitoring wells shall be in accordance with the requirements of ch.
NR 141.
NR 214.08 History
History: Cr.
Register, June, 1990, No. 414, eff. 7-1-90; am.,
Register, April, 1994, No. 460, eff. 5-1-94; am.,
Register, March, 1995, No. 471, eff. 4-1-95.
NR 214.09
NR 214.09
Sampling and analytical methods. Unless otherwise specified in the WPDES permit for a land treatment system:
NR 214.09(1)
(1) The procedures for measuring flow and taking samples of discharges shall be those in ch.
NR 218,
NR 214.09(2)
(2) The methods of analysis for substances contained in discharges shall be those specified in ch.
NR 219, and
NR 214.09(3)
(3) All laboratory monitoring data which is submitted to the department shall include a certification that the laboratory adhered to the provisions of ch.
NR 149, which specifies minimum requirements and criteria for laboratory methodology, quality control procedures, and records keeping procedures.
NR 214.09 History
History: Cr.
Register, June, 1990, No. 414, eff. 7-1-90.
NR 214.10
NR 214.10
General permits. Under s.
283.35, Stats., the department may issue a general or statewide WPDES permit for discharges from specified categories or classes of point sources. The department is considering the issuance of general WPDES permits to cover certain classes of land treatment systems, such as low volume liquid waste or by-product solid landspreading. Information to determine eligibility for coverage under a general WPDES permit shall be submitted before the facility is authorized by the department to discharge under the general permit. Any person who has an individual WPDES permit for a discharge is not covered by a general WPDES permit for that discharge. The department may withdraw a discharge from the coverage of a general WPDES permit and issue an individual WPDES permit pursuant to s.
283.35, Stats., on its own motion, or upon the petition of any general permittee, affected state, or 5 or more persons affected by the disposal practices of a general permittee. If the department determines that a discharge covered by a general WPDES permit is better regulated by a specific WPDES permit, it shall notify the affected person in writing of the need to apply for a specific permit and shall provide the person with an application form. Any person so notified shall submit that application form within 60 days of receipt of the notice and application form.
NR 214.10 History
History: Cr.
Register, June, 1990, No. 414, eff. 7-1-90.
NR 214.12(1)(a)(a) The absorption pond system shall be located at least 500 feet from the nearest inhabited dwelling, except that this distance may be reduced with the written consent of any affected owners and occupants. The department may require a greater distance depending on the potential for aesthetic and public health impacts.
NR 214.12(1)(b)
(b) The system shall be located at least 1,000 feet from a well serving a community public water supply system and at least 250 feet from other potable water supply wells.
NR 214.12(1)(c)
(c) The bottom of the absorption pond shall be at least 5 feet from bedrock and the calculated groundwater level. The calculated groundwater level is the elevation of the natural groundwater level plus the calculated mound height.
NR 214.12(1)(d)
(d) The system may not be located in the floodway as specified in ch.
NR 116. Any system located in the floodplain shall conform to ch.
NR 116 and may not be operated when the floodplain is flooded.
NR 214.12(1)(e)
(e) Systems shall be constructed in locations other than groundwater recharge areas, whenever possible.
NR 214.12(2)(a)(a) Absorption pond systems shall consist of either 2 or more cells which can be alternately loaded and rested, or one cell preceded by an effluent storage or stabilization pond system. Where only one cell is provided, the storage or stabilization pond shall be operated on a fill and draw basis and have sufficient capacity to allow intermittent loading of the absorption pond.
NR 214.12(2)(b)
(b) In systems with more than one cell, the wastewater distribution system shall be arranged so that individual cells within the absorption pond system can be taken out of service for resting without interrupting the discharge to the remaining cells.
NR 214.12(2)(c)
(c) The wastewater discharge system shall be designed to provide even distribution and prevent erosion of the pond bottom.
NR 214.12(2)(d)
(d) The shape of each absorption cell shall be such that there are no narrow or elongated portions and no islands, peninsulas or coves.
NR 214.12(2)(e)
(e) The minimum top width of an embankment or dike shall be 8 feet. Outside embankment and dike slopes may not be steeper than 3 horizontal to one vertical and shall be properly seeded with a mixture of perennial grasses to prevent erosion. Inside embankments and dikes may not be steeper than 2 horizontal to one vertical and shall be riprapped to prevent erosion.
NR 214.12(2)(g)
(g) The system shall be constructed in such a manner as to prevent surface runoff from entering the system.
NR 214.12(2)(h)
(h) Precautions shall be taken during construction of the system to minimize compaction of absorption areas to prevent a reduction in soil infiltration rate. Project specifications shall detail the specific precautions which will be taken.
NR 214.12(2)(i)
(i) Erosion control measures shall be taken during construction to prevent erosion of soil into a surface water.
NR 214.12(3)(a)
(a) The discharge to an absorption pond system may not exceed the hydraulic, organic, nitrogen, chloride or other limitations specified in a WPDES permit or plans developed pursuant to a permit requirement. In determining discharge limitations, the department shall consider past operating performance, the ability of the soils to treat the pollutants in the discharge, hydrogeologic characteristics of the site such as permeability and infiltration rates, and other relevant information.
NR 214.12(3)(b)
(b) The concentration of any wastewater parameter that may impact groundwater quality shall be limited at the point of discharge to a value that will minimize the concentration of the substance in the groundwater to the extent technically and economically feasible and prevent exceedence of the preventive action limit (PAL) in the groundwater. This will be especially important for parameters, such as dissolved chloride, that do not receive significant treatment in the system.
NR 214.12(3)(c)
(c) Since all forms of nitrogen in wastewater can be converted to nitrate-nitrogen in the groundwater moving away from an absorption pond, the average concentration of the sum of all nitrogen species in the absorption pond discharge shall be limited to a value that will minimize the concentration of nitrate-nitrogen in the groundwater to the extent technically and economically feasible and will prevent exceedence of the nitrate plus nitrite-nitrogen PAL in the groundwater.
NR 214.12(3)(d)
(d) The average concentration of BOD
5 discharged to an absorption pond system shall be restricted to the amount that can be removed in the treatment system.
NR 214.12(3)(e)
(e) The hydraulic application rate shall be established based on hydrogeologic conditions, soil texture, soil permeability and waste characteristics. Systems which are to receive more than 10,000 gallons per acre per day are required to perform additional soil testing requirements as specified in s.
NR 214.20 (7).
NR 214.12(3)(f)
(f) Discharge to the system shall be limited so that the discharge volume combined with the precipitation from a 10-year frequency, 24-hour duration rainfall event does not reduce the available freeboard to less than one foot below the top of the dike.
NR 214.12(3)(g)
(g) No discharge to the system may have physical or chemical characteristics which prevent the proper operation of the system.
NR 214.12(4)(a)(a) The discharge to each absorption pond cell shall be monitored for total daily discharge volume.
NR 214.12(4)(b)
(b) The department may require in a WPDES permit that the discharge be monitored for BOD
5, total suspended solids, forms of nitrogen, chloride, metals or any other pollutant that may be present. The department shall select the pollutants to be monitored and the required frequency of monitoring on a case-by-case basis by considering the potential public health impacts, probable environmental impact, soil and geologic conditions, past operating performance, concentrations and characteristics of pollutants in the discharge and other relevant information.
NR 214.12(4)(c)
(c) The department may require electronic or paper submittal of discharge monitoring reports and land application forms.
NR 214.12(5)(a)
(a) The absorption pond cells shall be loaded intermittently to allow sufficient resting periods to maintain the absorptive capacity of the soil.
NR 214.12(5)(b)
(b) Management plan. The department shall require each absorption pond system owner or operator to submit a management plan for optimizing treatment system performance and demonstrating compliance with the requirements of this chapter. Following approval by the department, the treatment system shall be operated in conformance with the management plan. If the facility wishes to operate differently than specified in the approved plan, a written request shall be submitted to the department for approval to amend the management plan. The plan shall specify information on pretreatment processes, load and rest schedules, scheduled maintenance, weed control and removal, operational strategies for periods of adverse weather, monitoring procedures and any other pertinent information.
NR 214.12(6)
(6) Soil investigation and groundwater monitoring requirements. The soil investigation and groundwater monitoring requirements for absorption pond systems are specified in ss.
NR 214.20 and
214.21.
NR 214.12 History
History: Cr.
Register, June, 1990, No. 414, eff. 7-1-90;
CR 09-123: cr. (4) (c)
Register July 2010 No. 655, eff. 8-1-10.
NR 214.13
NR 214.13
Ridge and furrow systems. NR 214.13(1)(a)(a) The ridge and furrow system shall be located at least 500 feet from the nearest inhabited dwelling, except that this distance may be reduced with the written consent of any affected owners and occupants. The department may require a greater distance depending on the potential for aesthetic and public health impacts.
NR 214.13(1)(b)
(b) The ridge and furrow system shall be located at least 1,000 feet from a well serving a community public water supply system and at least 250 feet from other potable water supply wells.
NR 214.13(1)(c)
(c) The bottom of the furrows shall be at least 5 feet above bedrock and groundwater.
NR 214.13(1)(d)
(d) The system may not be located in the floodway as specified in ch.
NR 116. Any system located in the floodplain shall conform to ch.
NR 116 and may not be operated when the floodplain is flooded.
NR 214.13(2)(a)(a) Ridge and furrow systems shall be constructed on sites with soils having 50% or more of the soil particles passing a No. 200 sieve, except that coarser textured soils may be approved on a case-by-case basis depending on system design and wastewater strength. Suitable soils shall extend at least 3 feet below the base grade of the furrow bottoms.
NR 214.13(2)(b)
(b) The system shall consist of at least 2 cells which can be alternately loaded and rested, unless there is sufficient storage or pretreatment to allow loading and resting of a single cell.
NR 214.13(2)(c)
(c) The system shall be sized and constructed in order to allow sufficient resting to allow soil conditions to become unsaturated and aerobic prior to being loaded.
NR 214.13(2)(d)
(d) The shape of each ridge and furrow cell within the system shall be such that a minimum of soil disturbance is necessary to form the system.
NR 214.13(2)(e)
(e) The wastewater distribution system shall be constructed so that individual cells within the system can be taken out of service for resting without interrupting the discharge to the remaining cells.
NR 214.13(2)(f)
(f) The ridge and furrow system shall be constructed in a manner which provides equal liquid distribution during loading of each cell. The header ditch shall be designed to allow complete drainage after each wastewater loading or lined to prevent wastewater seepage. The header ditch drainage and the grading of the furrows for equal liquid distribution shall be tested before seeding the ridges with grasses.
NR 214.13(2)(g)
(g) All outside embankments and dikes may not be steeper than 3 horizontal to one vertical. Inside embankments and dikes may not be steeper than 2 horizontal to one vertical. All embankments and dikes shall be properly seeded with perennial grasses to prevent erosion.
NR 214.13(2)(h)
(h) All ridge tops shall be a minimum of 6 feet wide to allow mechanical removal of grasses.
NR 214.13(2)(i)
(i) The furrows of the ridge and furrow system shall be one foot deep and one foot wide at the furrow bottom.
NR 214.13(2)(j)
(j) Furrow side slopes may not be steeper than one horizontal to 2 vertical.
NR 214.13(2)(k)
(k) All areas within a ridge and furrow system shall be accessible for maintenance equipment.
NR 214.13(2)(L)
(L) The system shall be constructed to prevent surface runoff from entering the system.
NR 214.13(2)(m)
(m) The ridges shall be seeded with perennial grasses which are suited to wet soil conditions. A nurse crop shall be used to seed new or modified systems. In addition, the grass cover shall be established to at least a 2-inch length before the system is used for wastewater treatment.
NR 214.13(2)(n)
(n) Precautions shall be taken during construction to minimize compaction of absorption areas to prevent a reduction in soil infiltration rate. Project specifications shall detail the specific precautions which will be taken.
NR 214.13(2)(o)
(o) Erosion control measures shall be taken during construction to prevent erosion of soil into a surface water.
NR 214.13(3)(a)
(a) The discharge to a ridge and furrow system may not exceed the hydraulic, organic, nitrogen, chloride or other limitations specified in a WPDES permit or plans developed pursuant to a permit requirement. In determining discharge limitations, the department shall consider past operating performance, the ability of the soils to treat the pollutants in the discharge, hydrogeologic characteristics of the site such as permeability and infiltration rates, and other relevant information.
NR 214.13(3)(b)
(b) The concentration of any wastewater parameter that may impact groundwater quality shall be limited at the point of discharge to a value that will minimize the concentration of the substance in the groundwater to the extent technically and economically feasible and will prevent exceedence of the preventive action limit (PAL) in the groundwater. This will be especially important for parameters, such as dissolved chloride, that do not receive significant treatment in the system.
NR 214.13(3)(c)
(c) The total pounds of nitrogen applied per acre per year shall be limited to the annual nitrogen need of the cover crop plus demonstrable nitrogen losses, such as from denitrification or ammonia volatilization occurring in the treatment system. Determination of the annual pounds of nitrogen applied to the land treatment system shall include the nitrogen supplied by the wastewater, organic nitrogen becoming available to plants and any supplemental fertilizers used.
NR 214.13(3)(d)
(d) The average hydraulic application rate may not exceed 10,000 gallons per acre per day for the system.
NR 214.13 Note
Note: Based upon the department's experience, the recommended range for the average hydraulic application rate for ridge and furrow systems is 2,000 to 5,000 gallons per acre per day.
NR 214.13(3)(e)
(e) Discharge to the system shall be limited so that the discharge volume combined with the precipitation from a 10-year frequency, 24-hour duration rainfall event does not overflow the boundary of the system.
NR 214.13(3)(f)
(f) The volume of discharge shall be limited to prevent inundation of the ridges except for temporary conditions following precipitation events.
NR 214.13(4)(a)(a) The discharge to each cell of the ridge and furrow system shall be monitored for total daily flow.
NR 214.13(4)(b)
(b) The department may require in a WPDES permit that the discharge be monitored for BOD
5, total suspended solids, forms of nitrogen, chloride, metals or any other pollutant that may be present. The department shall select the pollutants to be monitored and the required frequency of monitoring on a case-by-case basis by considering the potential public health impacts, probable environmental impact, soil and geologic conditions, past operating performance, concentrations and characteristics of pollutants in the discharge and other relevant information.
NR 214.13(4)(c)
(c) The department may require electronic or paper submittal of discharge monitoring reports and land application forms.
NR 214.13(5)(a)
(a) Each spring, the ridge top grasses shall be either cut and removed, or the grasses shall be burned. In addition, the grasses shall be cut and if possible removed at least once later in the growing season.
NR 214.13(5)(b)
(b) The discharge shall be alternately distributed to individual sections of the ridge and furrow system to allow sufficient resting periods to maintain the treatment capability of the soil.
NR 214.13(5)(c)
(c) The system shall be operated so that individual ridge and furrow sections have sufficient resting to allow soil conditions to become unsaturated and aerobic prior to being loaded.
NR 214.13(5)(d)
(d) The system may be used only when at least 5 feet of separation exists between the bottom of the furrows and the groundwater.
NR 214.13(5)(e)
(e) Management plan. The department shall require each ridge and furrow system owner or operator to submit a management plan for optimizing treatment system performance and demonstrating compliance with the requirements of this chapter. Following approval by the department, the treatment system shall be operated in conformance with the management plan. If the facility wishes to operate differently than specified in the approved plan, a written request shall be submitted to the department for approval to amend the management plan. The plan shall specify information on pretreatment processes, load and rest schedules, scheduled maintenance, vegetative cover control and removal, operational strategies for periods of adverse weather, monitoring procedures and any other pertinent information.
NR 214.13(6)
(6) Soil investigation and groundwater monitoring requirements. The soil investigation and groundwater monitoring requirements for ridge and furrow systems are specified in ss.
NR 214.20 and
214.21.
