NR 110.255(2)(a)1.1. All spray irrigation systems shall be designed with a wastewater distribution system capable of loading and resting various portions of the site to optimize wastewater treatment within the soil and crop growth. NR 110.255(2)(a)2.2. Spray irrigation onto frozen ground is prohibited. The department may restrict loadings during times of the year when the cover crop is not actively growing. NR 110.255(2)(a)3.3. Application of wastewater to the spray irrigation system shall incorporate a rest/load cycle and application intensity such that the soil moisture holding capacity in the top foot of the soil column is not exceeded and ponding or runoff do not occur. Following wastewater application to a portion of the field, that portion shall be rested. Table 8 provides values for the maximum volume of wastewater that may be applied per load cycle and the maximum intensity of wastewater application for specific soil textures. The values in Table 8 are the maximum amount approvable unless greater values can be justified through soil testing and are approved by the department. The volume applied and the intensity sprayed may be restricted by the department to values less than those listed in Table 8 if site conditions warrant. Table 8
NR 110.255(2)(a)4.4. The spray nozzle openings shall be sized to prevent plugging and shall be located as near to the ground surface as practical to minimize wind drift of the wastewater. NR 110.255(2)(a)5.5. The spray nozzles shall be arranged so that the wastewater will be evenly distributed over the entire area under irrigation. NR 110.255(2)(a)6.6. The spray irrigation system shall be arranged so that individual sections within the system can be taken out of service for resting without interrupting discharge to the remaining sections. NR 110.255(2)(a)7.7. The spray irrigation system shall be seeded with perennial grasses such as reed canary grass, tall fescue and orchard grass. The cover crop shall be a crop which is not used for direct human consumption. New seedings shall also contain a nurse crop. The cover crop shall be maintained by cutting and removing the grass a minimum of twice per growing season. The department may approve the use of other types of cover crops such as corn but will restrict the use of such sites to times when the cover crop is actively growing. The department may also require reduced hydraulic application rates, grass buffer strips or both around the perimeter of the site to prevent wastewater runoff during rainfall events. NR 110.255(2)(a)8.8. The ground surface of the spray irrigation system shall have a minimum separation distance to bedrock of at least 5 feet. NR 110.255(2)(a)9.9. A minimum separation distance of 5 feet shall be maintained between the land surface elevation of the spray irrigation field and the highest anticipated groundwater elevation. The department may on a case-by-case basis allow this distance to be reduced if the permittee can show, based on hydrogeologic and other relevant site factors, that the groundwater will be adequately protected. NR 110.255(2)(a)10.10. The department may require disinfection of effluent to spray irrigation systems if there is a potential risk to public health. NR 110.255(3)(a)(a) Design and construction criteria for ridge and furrow systems. NR 110.255(3)(a)1.1. The shape of each cell within the ridge and furrow system shall be such that a minimum of soil disturbance is necessary to form the system. NR 110.255(3)(a)2.2. A ridge and furrow system may not be constructed on a site at which less that 50% of the soil particles pass a no. 200 sieve. Coarser textured soils may be approved on a case-by-case basis depending on system design and wastewater strength. Suitable soils shall extend at least 3 feet below the base grade of the furrow bottoms. NR 110.255(3)(a)3.3. The furrows of the ridge and furrow system shall be one foot deep and one foot wide at the furrow bottom. NR 110.255(3)(a)4.4. Furrow side slopes may not be steeper than one horizontal to 2 vertical. NR 110.255(3)(a)5.5. The system shall be sized and constructed in order to allow sufficient resting to allow soil conditions to become unsaturated and aerobic prior to any wastewater being reapplied. NR 110.255(3)(a)6.6. The system shall be constructed in a manner which provides equal liquid distribution during loading of each cell. The header ditch shall be sealed in order to allow complete drainage and to prevent wastewater seepage. The drainage of the header ditch and the grading of the furrows for equal liquid distribution shall be tested with water before seeding the ridges with grasses. NR 110.255(3)(a)7.7. The system shall consist of at least 2 cells which can be alternately loaded and rested. NR 110.255(3)(a)8.8. The wastewater distribution system shall be arranged so that individual cells within the ridge and furrow system can be taken out of service for resting without interrupting discharge to the remaining cells. NR 110.255(3)(a)9.9. The bottom of the ridge and furrow system may not be closer than 5 feet to the highest anticipated groundwater elevation. The department may allow this distance to be reduced on a case-by-case basis if the permittee can show, based on hydrogeologic and other relevant site factors, that the groundwater will be adequately protected. NR 110.255(3)(a)11.11. Outside embankments and dikes may not be steeper than 3 horizontal to one vertical. Inside embankments and dikes may not be steeper than 2 horizontal to one vertical. All embankments and dikes shall be properly seeded with perennial grasses to prevent erosion. A nurse crop of annual grasses shall be used to establish a ground cover. NR 110.255(3)(a)12.12. All ridge tops shall be a minimum of 6 feet wide to allow mechanical removal of grasses. The grasses shall be cut, and if possible removed, at least once during the growing season and shall be burned or cut and removed each spring. NR 110.255(3)(a)13.13. All areas within a ridge and furrow system shall be accessible for maintenance equipment. NR 110.255(3)(a)14.14. The system shall be constructed to prevent surface runoff from entering the system. NR 110.255(3)(a)15.15. The ridges shall be seeded with perennial grasses which are suited to wet soil conditions. A nurse crop shall be used to seed new or modified systems. In addition, the grass cover shall be established to at least a 2-inch length before the system is used for wastewater treatment. NR 110.255(3)(a)16.16. Discharge to ridge and furrow systems which have frozen soils is prohibited. NR 110.255(4)(a)1.1. Overland flow systems shall be underlain by at least one foot of heavy textured soils such as clays or clay loams to retard leakage through the base. NR 110.255(4)(a)3.3. The downslope gradient for the overland flow fields shall be between 2% and 8%. NR 110.255(4)(a)4.4. The system shall consist of at least 2 cells of approximately equal area which can be alternately loaded and rested. Where self-propelled equipment which operates on a continuous basis is installed and division into identifiable cells is impossible, its movement shall be regulated to provide alternate loading and resting of the soil. NR 110.255 NoteNote: It is recommended that an overland flow cell be rested for at least one third of the total time in the rest/load cycle.
NR 110.255(4)(a)5.5. The system shall be arranged so that individual cells within the system can be taken out of service for resting without interrupting discharge to the remaining cells. NR 110.255(4)(a)6.6. The distribution equipment shall be arranged so that the wastewater will be evenly distributed over the entire area of an overland flow cell and the wastewater travels down the slope in a non-channelized flow. NR 110.255(4)(a)7.7. The wastewater distribution equipment shall be located at or near the ground level. NR 110.255 NoteNote: A pressurized distribution system is recommended for ease of operation.
NR 110.255(4)(a)8.8. The wastewater distribution system shall be designed to allow for cleaning of the distribution orifices. Flexibility to adjust the flow from individual orifices shall be provided to allow the system to be hydraulically balanced to minimize flow channeling. NR 110.255(4)(a)9.9. An impermeable channel shall be provided for collecting runoff from the overland flow fields. The collection system shall be capable of removing the effluent and the rain from a 10-year frequency, 24-hour duration rainfall event with only temporary backing up of water onto the fields. NR 110.255(4)(a)10.10. The overland flow fields shall be vegetated with a water tolerant mixed perennial grass cover crop such as reed canary grass, tall fescue and orchard grass. A nurse crop shall be used to establish the perennial grass cover. The grass cover shall be maintained by frequent resting. The crop shall be cut and the cuttings removed at least twice per year to stimulate grass growth and enhance nutrient removal from the system. NR 110.255(4)(a)11.11. Winter operation may be allowed as long as the soil surface remains unfrozen. The department may require storage or additional treatment of the runoff during cold weather. NR 110.255(4)(a)12.12. An overland flow field may be used when the land surface elevation is at least 5 feet above bedrock. NR 110.255(4)(a)13.13. The land surface elevation of an overland flow field shall be no closer than 5 feet to the seasonally high groundwater level. The department may on a case-by-case basis allow this distance to be reduced if the permittee can show, based on hydrogeologic and other relevant site factors, that the groundwater will be adequately protected. If such a variance is approved or if the risk of groundwater contamination is otherwise high, the department may require additional pretreatment of the wastewaters. NR 110.255(4)(a)14.14. The hydraulic application rate, expressed as a flow rate per unit width of slope, shall be between .16 gpm/ft and .60 gpm/ft. NR 110.255(4)(b)(b) Discharge limitations for overland flow systems. Effluent limitations are as specified in s. NR 206.08 (4) (b) and applicable surface water limitations. NR 110.255 HistoryHistory: Cr. Register, November, 1990, No. 419, eff. 12-1-90. NR 110.26NR 110.26 Sludge handling, storage and disposal. NR 110.26(1)(1) Design report. A design report shall be submitted in accordance with s. NR 110.15 (1). The report shall show calculations used to design the sludge facilities. Design of sludge handling facilities shall consider such factors as the volume of sludge generated, its percent solids and character, the degree of volatile solids reduction, sludge temperature, the degree or extent of mixing to be obtained, the sludge percent solids and characteristics after processing and the size of the installation with appropriate allowances for sludge and supernatant storage and energy requirements whenever such factors are appropriate for the design of the sludge processing facilities. NR 110.26(2)(a)(a) Grit removal. When grit removal facilities are not provided, the volume of thickeners, digesters and storage facilities shall be increased to accommodate the additional solids loading. NR 110.26(2)(b)2.2. Thickened sludge should have a minimum solids concentration of 5% prior to transmission to the digesters. NR 110.26(2)(c)(c) Multiple units. Multiple units shall be provided. A single unit may be allowed, provided an alternate method of sludge processing, emergency storage or ultimate disposal operation exists to insure continuity of service. NR 110.26(2)(d)1.1. Provisions shall be made for draining, cleaning, inspection, and maintenance of all units. NR 110.26(2)(d)2.2. Tank bottoms shall be sloped to drain to a sump pump or withdrawal pipe. NR 110.26(2)(d)3.3. Access manholes shall be provided. Covered tanks shall have one side wall entrance large enough to permit the use of mechanical equipment to remove grit and sand. NR 110.26(2)(e)1.1. The construction of sludge storage facilities shall be required to improve sludge handling capabilities, provide flexibility in operations, and to avoid environmental or public health hazards due to improper disposal techniques. NR 110.26(2)(e)2.2. Construction of these facilities will depend upon treatment plant capabilities, land availability, surface and groundwater protection, health factors, municipal sludge management capabilities and other environmental factors. NR 110.26(3)(a)(a) Flow measurement. Devices for measuring flow to and from sludge digestion facilities shall be provided. NR 110.26(3)(b)(b) Ventilation. All enclosures which are connected with sludge digestors, or which contain sludge or gas piping or equipment shall be provided with forced ventilation in accordance with s. NR 110.14 (3) (b). The piping gallery for digesters may not be connected to other passages unless a tightly fitting self-closing door is provided at connecting passageways. NR 110.26(3)(c)(c) Safety. Nonsparking tools, rubber soled shoes, safety harness, gas detectors for inflammable and toxic gases and at least 2 self-contained respiratory units should be provided for emergency use whenever inflammable and toxic gases may be present. NR 110.26(3)(d)(d) Supernatant withdrawal. Sludge thickeners and aerobic digestors shall be designed for effective separation and withdrawal of supernatant and for effective collection and removal of scum and grease. NR 110.26(3)(e)1.1. Provisions shall be made for sampling at each supernatant draw-off level and for collecting sludge samples for analysis. Sampling pipes shall be at least 4 centimeters (11/2 inches) in diameter and shall terminate in a suitably-sized sink or basin. NR 110.26(3)(e)2.2. Unless sampling facilities are otherwise provided, quick-closing sampling valves shall be installed at the sludge pumps. The size of valve and piping shall be at least 4 centimeters (11/2 inches). NR 110.26(4)(a)1.1. Sludge pumping systems shall be designed to handle the expected range of sludge flows. NR 110.26(4)(a)3.3. Pumps with demonstrated solids handling capability shall be provided for handling raw and processed sludge. NR 110.26(4)(a)4.4. A minimum positive head of 60 centimeters (2 feet) shall be provided at the suction side of centrifugal-type pumps and is desirable for all types of sludge pumps. Maximum suction lifts may not exceed 3.0 meters (10 feet) for plunger pumps. NR 110.26(4)(b)1.1. Sludge withdrawal piping shall have a minimum diameter of 20 centimeters (8 inches) for gravity withdrawal and 15 centimeters (6 inches) for pump suction and discharge lines. The department may approve the use of glass lined pipe which is at least 10 centimeters (4 inches) in diameter. Where withdrawal is by gravity, the available head on the discharge pipe shall be sufficient to maintain a minimum velocity of 90 centimeters (3 feet) per second. NR 110.26(4)(b)2.2. Gravity piping shall be laid on uniform grade and alignment. The slope on gravity discharge piping may not be less than 3%. NR 110.26(4)(b)3.3. Provisions shall be made for draining, flushing and cleaning sludge piping. NR 110.26(4)(b)4.4. Air relief valves shall be provided at high points in pressure sludge lines. NR 110.26(4)(b)5.5. Special consideration shall be given to the corrosion resistance and continuing stability of pipes and supports located inside the digestion tank.
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Department of Natural Resources (NR)
Chs. NR 100-199; Environmental Protection – General
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