DHS 157.36(1)(a)2.2. Radiographic exposure devices intended for use as type B packages shall meet the applicable transportation requirements of subch. XIII. DHS 157.36(1)(a)3.3. Modification of radiographic exposure devices, source changers and source assemblies and associated equipment is prohibited, unless the design of any replacement component, including source holder, source assembly, controls or guide tubes would not compromise the design safety features of the system. DHS 157.36(1)(b)(b) The following additional requirements apply to radiographic exposure devices, source assemblies and associated equipment that allow the source to be moved out of the device for radiographic operations or to source changers: DHS 157.36(1)(b)1.1. The coupling between the source assembly and the control cable shall be designed so that the source assembly will not become disconnected if cranked outside the guide tube. The coupling shall be constructed so that it cannot be unintentionally disconnected under normal and reasonably foreseeable abnormal conditions. DHS 157.36(1)(b)2.2. The device must automatically secure the source assembly when it is cranked back into the fully shielded position within the device. This securing system may only be released by means of a deliberate operation on the exposure device. DHS 157.36(1)(b)3.3. The outlet fittings, lock box and drive cable fittings on each radiographic exposure device shall be equipped with safety plugs or covers installed during storage and transportation to protect the source assembly from water, mud, sand or other foreign matter. DHS 157.36(1)(b)4.4. Each sealed source or source assembly shall have attached to it or engraved on it a durable, legible, visible label with the words: “DANGER — RADIOACTIVE.” DHS 157.36(1)(b)5.5. The label in subd. 4. may not interfere with the safe operation of the exposure device or associated equipment. DHS 157.36(1)(b)6.6. The guide tube shall be able to withstand a crushing test that closely approximates the crushing forces that are likely to be encountered during use and be able to withstand a kinking resistance test that closely approximates the kinking forces that are likely to be encountered during use. DHS 157.36(1)(b)8.8. An exposure head or similar device designed to prevent the source assembly from passing out of the end of the guide tube shall be attached to the outermost end of the guide tube during industrial radiography operations. DHS 157.36(1)(b)9.9. The guide tube exposure head connection shall be able to withstand the tensile test for control units specified in ANSI N432 - 1980. DHS 157.36(1)(b)10.10. Source changers shall provide a system for ensuring that the source will not be accidentally withdrawn from the changer when connecting or disconnecting the drive cable to or from a source assembly. DHS 157.36(1)(c)(c) All radiographic exposure devices and associated equipment in use after January 10, 1996 shall comply with the requirements of this section. DHS 157.36(2)(2) Exception. Equipment used in industrial radiographic operations need not comply with 6.6.2 of the Endurance Test in ANSI N432 - 1980 “Radiological Safety for the Design and Construction of Apparatus for Gamma Radiography” if the prototype equipment has been tested using a torque value representative of the torque that an individual using the radiography equipment may reasonably exert on the lever or crankshaft of the drive mechanism. DHS 157.36 NoteNote: The publication N432-1980 “Radiological Safety for the Design and Construction of Apparatus for Gamma Radiography”, ANSI, published by the ANSI, may be consulted at the Department of Health Services, Radiation Protection Section, 1 West Wilson St, Room 150, Madison WI 53702-0007 or at the Secretary of State’s Office or the Legislative Reference Bureau.
DHS 157.36 HistoryHistory: CR 01-108: cr. Register July 2002 No. 559, eff. 8-1-02; CR 06-021: am. (1) (a) (intro.), 1. (intro.), 3., (b) 9. and (2) Register October 2006 No. 610, eff. 11-1-06. DHS 157.37DHS 157.37 Radiation safety requirements for storage containers and source changers. DHS 157.37(1)(1) Maximum exposure rate limits. The maximum exposure rate limits for storage containers and source changers are 2 millisieverts (200 mrem) per hour at any exterior surface and 0.1 millisieverts (10 mrem) per hour at one meter from any exterior surface with the sealed source in the shielded position. DHS 157.37(2)(a)(a) A radiographic exposure device shall have a lock or outer locked container designed to prevent unauthorized or accidental removal of the sealed source from its shielded position. The exposure device and its container shall be kept locked when not under direct surveillance by a radiographer or a radiographer’s assistant, except at permanent radiographic installations. If a keyed lock, the key shall be removed at all times except to open or close the lock on the device or container. In addition, during radiographic operations the sealed source assembly shall be secured in the shielded position each time the source is returned to that position. DHS 157.37(2)(b)(b) Each sealed source storage container and source changer shall have a lock or outer locked container designed to prevent unauthorized or accidental removal of the sealed source from its shielded position. Storage containers and source changers shall be kept locked when containing sealed sources except when under the direct surveillance of a radiographer or a radiographer’s assistant. If a keyed lock, the key shall be removed at all times. DHS 157.37(2)(c)(c) The control panel of all portable radiation machines shall be equipped with a lock that will prevent the unauthorized use of an x-ray system or the accidental production of radiation. The radiation machine shall be kept locked and the key removed at all times except when under the direct visual surveillance of a radiographer or a radiographer’s assistant. DHS 157.37 HistoryHistory: CR 01-108: cr. Register July 2002 No. 559, eff. 8-1-02. DHS 157.38DHS 157.38 Radiation survey instruments. DHS 157.38(1)(1) Requirement. A licensee shall keep sufficient calibrated and operable radiation survey instruments at each location where sources of radiation are present to make the radiation surveys required by this subchapter and subch. III. Instrumentation required by this subchapter shall be capable of measuring a range from 0.02 millisieverts (2 mrem) per hour through 0.01 sievert (1 rem) per hour. DHS 157.38(2)(a)(a) A licensee shall have each radiation survey instrument calibrated for all the following: DHS 157.38(2)(a)1.1. At energies appropriate for use and at intervals not to exceed 6 months or after instrument servicing, except for battery changes. DHS 157.38(2)(a)2.2. For linear scale instruments, at 2 points located approximately one-third and two-thirds of full scale on each scale; for logarithmic scale instruments, at mid-range of each decade and at 2 points of at least one decade; and for digital instruments at 3 points between 0.02 and 10 millisieverts (2 and 1000 mrem) per hour. DHS 157.38(2)(b)(b) Accuracy within plus or minus 20% of the true radiation dose rate shall be demonstrated at each point checked. DHS 157.38 HistoryHistory: CR 01-108: cr. Register July 2002 No. 559, eff. 8-1-02. DHS 157.39DHS 157.39 Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources. DHS 157.39(1)(a)(a) The replacement of any sealed source fastened to or contained in a radiographic exposure device and leak testing of any sealed source shall be performed by persons authorized to do so by the department, the nuclear regulatory commission or another agreement state. DHS 157.39(1)(b)(b) The opening, repair or modification of any sealed source shall be performed by persons specifically authorized to do so by the department, the nuclear regulatory commission or another agreement state. DHS 157.39(2)(a)(a) A licensee who uses a sealed source shall have the source tested for leakage at intervals not to exceed 6 months. The leak testing of the source shall be performed using a method approved by the department, the nuclear regulatory commission or by another agreement state. The wipe sample should be taken from the nearest accessible point to the sealed source where contamination might accumulate. The wipe sample shall be analyzed for radioactive contamination. The analysis shall be capable of detecting the presence of 185 becquerel (0.005 mCi) of radioactive material on the test sample and shall be performed by a person specifically authorized by the department, the US nuclear regulatory commission or another agreement state to perform the analysis. DHS 157.39(2)(b)(b) A licensee shall maintain records of the leak tests for 3 years. DHS 157.39(2)(c)(c) Unless a sealed source is accompanied by a certificate from the transferor that shows that it has been leak tested within 6 months before the transfer, it may not be used by the licensee until tested for leakage. Sealed sources that are in storage and not in use do not require leak testing, but shall be tested before use or transfer to another person if the interval of storage exceeds 6 months. DHS 157.39(2)(d)(d) Any leak test that reveals the presence of 185 becquerel (0.005 mCi) or more of removable radioactive material shall be considered evidence that the sealed source is leaking. The licensee shall immediately withdraw the equipment involved from use and shall have it decontaminated and repaired, or disposed of. A report must be filed with the department within 5 days of any test with results that exceed the threshold in this paragraph, describing the equipment involved, the test results and the corrective action taken. DHS 157.39(2)(e)1.1. Each exposure device using depleted uranium shielding and an “S” tube configuration shall be tested for DU contamination at intervals not to exceed 12 months. The analysis shall be capable of detecting the presence of 185 becquerel (0.005 mCi) of radioactive material on the test sample and shall be performed by a person specifically authorized by the department, the nuclear regulatory commission or another agreement state to perform the analysis. If the testing reveals the presence of DU contamination, the exposure device shall be removed from use until an evaluation of the wear of the S-tube has been made. If the evaluation reveals that the S-tube is worn through, the device may not be used again. DHS 157.39(2)(e)2.2. DU shielded devices need not be tested for DU contamination while not in use and in storage. If the DU shielded device has not been used and in storage for more than 12 months, the device shall be tested for DU contamination before using or transferring the device. A record of the DU leak-test shall be retained for 3 years. DHS 157.39 HistoryHistory: CR 01-108: cr. Register July 2002 No. 559, eff. 8-1-02. DHS 157.40(1)(1) Requirement. A licensee shall conduct a quarterly physical inventory to account for all sources of radiation and for devices, including devices containing depleted uranium, received and possessed under the license. DHS 157.40(2)(2) Records. A licensee shall maintain records of the quarterly inventory for 3 years. The record shall include the date of the inventory, name of the individual conducting the inventory, radionuclide, source activity in becquerels or curies or mass of DU in each device, location of the sources and devices, manufacturer, model and serial number of each source of radiation. DHS 157.40 HistoryHistory: CR 01-108: cr. Register July 2002 No. 559, eff. 8-1-02. DHS 157.41DHS 157.41 Inspection and maintenance of radiation machines, radiographic exposure devices, transport and storage containers, associated equipment, source changers and survey instruments. DHS 157.41(1)(a)(a) A licensee or registrant shall perform visual and operability checks on survey meters, radiation machines, radiographic exposure devices, transport and storage containers, associated equipment and source changers before each day’s use or work shift, to ensure that all the following applies: DHS 157.41(1)(b)(b) Survey instrument operability shall be performed using check sources or other appropriate means. DHS 157.41(1)(c)(c) If equipment problems are found, the equipment shall be removed from service until repaired. DHS 157.41(2)(a)(a) A licensee or registrant shall perform inspection and routine maintenance of radiation machines, radiographic exposure devices, source changers, associated equipment, transport and storage containers and survey instruments at intervals not to exceed 3 months or before the first use thereafter to ensure the proper functioning of components important to safety. Replacement components shall meet design specifications. A licensee or registrant shall utilize written inspection and maintenance procedures. If equipment problems are found, the equipment shall be removed from service until repaired. DHS 157.41(2)(b)(b) A licensee’s inspection and maintenance program shall include procedures to assure that type B packages are shipped and maintained under the certificate of compliance or other approval. A program for transport container inspection and maintenance limited to radiographic exposure devices, source changers or packages transporting these devices and meeting the requirements of this subsection or equivalent NRC or agreement state requirements, shall satisfy the requirements of s. DHS 157.94 (6). DHS 157.41(2)(c)(c) Records of equipment problems and of any maintenance performed shall be retained for 3 years. DHS 157.41 HistoryHistory: CR 01-108: cr. Register July 2002 No. 559, eff. 8-1-02; CR 06-021: am. (2) (a) Register October 2006 No. 610, eff. 11-1-06. DHS 157.42DHS 157.42 Permanent radiographic installations. DHS 157.42(1)(1) Entry requirements. Each entrance that is used for personnel access to the high radiation area in a permanent radiographic installation shall have either of the following: DHS 157.42(1)(a)(a) An entrance control of the type described in s. DHS 157.26 (1) (a) 1. that causes the radiation level upon entry into the area to be reduced. Entrance control devices that reduce the radiation level upon entry shall be tested monthly. DHS 157.42(1)(b)(b) Both conspicuous visible and audible warning signals to warn of the presence of radiation. The visible signal shall be actuated by radiation whenever the source is exposed or the machine is energized. The audible signal shall be actuated when an attempt is made to enter the installation while the source is exposed or the machine is energized. The alarm system shall be tested for proper operation with a radiation source each day before the installation is used for radiographic operations. The test shall include a check of both the visible and audible signals. DHS 157.42(2)(2) Device failure. If an entrance control device or an alarm is operating improperly, it shall be immediately labeled as defective and repaired within 7 calendar days. The facility may continue to be used during this 7-day period provided the licensee or registrant implements continuous surveillance and uses an alarming ratemeter. Test records for entrance controls and audible and visual alarms shall be maintained for 3 years. DHS 157.42 HistoryHistory: CR 01-108: cr. Register July 2002 No. 559, eff. 8-1-02; CR 06-021: am. (1) (a) Register October 2006 No. 610, eff. 11-1-06; CR 09-062: am (1) (a) and (b) Register April 2010 No. 652, eff. 5-1-10. DHS 157.43DHS 157.43 Labeling, transportation and storage. DHS 157.43(1)(1) Labeling requirements. A licensee may not use a source changer or a container to store radioactive material unless the source changer or the storage container has securely attached to it a durable, legible and clearly visible label bearing the standard trefoil radiation caution symbol with conventional colors, which is magenta, purple or black on a yellow background, having a minimum diameter of 25 millimeters and the wording: CAUTION (or DANGER)
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
NOTIFY CIVIL AUTHORITIES
[or “NAME OF COMPANY”]
DHS 157.43(2)(a)(a) A licensee may not transport radioactive material unless the material is packaged and the package is labeled, marked and accompanied with appropriate shipping papers under regulations set out in subch. XIII. DHS 157.43(2)(b)(b) A licensee shall lock and physically secure the transport package containing radioactive material in the transporting vehicle to prevent accidental loss, tampering or unauthorized removal. DHS 157.43(3)(3) Storage. Radiographic exposure devices, source changers, storage containers and radiation machines, shall be physically secured to prevent tampering or removal by unauthorized personnel. The licensee shall store radioactive material in a manner that minimizes danger from explosion or fire. DHS 157.43 HistoryHistory: CR 01-108: cr. Register July 2002 No. 559, eff. 8-1-02; CR 16-078: r. (2) (b), renum. (2) (intro.), (a) to (2) (a), (b) Register January 2018 No. 745, eff. 2-1-18. DHS 157.44DHS 157.44 Operational radiation safety requirements. DHS 157.44(1)(a)(a) Whenever radiography is performed at a location other than a permanent radiographic installation, the radiographer shall be accompanied by at least one other certified radiographer or radiographer’s assistant. The additional individual shall observe the operations and be capable of providing immediate assistance to prevent unauthorized entry. Radiography may not be performed if only one individual is present. DHS 157.44(1)(b)(b) Except when physically impossible, collimators shall be used in industrial radiographic operations that use radiographic exposure devices that allow the source to be moved out of the device. DHS 157.44(1)(c)(c) A licensee may conduct lay-barge, offshore platform or underwater radiography only if procedures have been approved by the department, the NRC or by another agreement state. DHS 157.44(2)(a)(a) The radiation safety officer shall ensure that radiation safety activities are being performed under approved procedures and regulatory requirements in the daily operation of the licensee’s or registrant’s program. DHS 157.44(2)(b)(b) Except as allowed in par. (c), the minimum qualifications, training and experience for radiation safety officers for industrial radiography are as follows: DHS 157.44(2)(b)2.2. 2000 hours of hands-on experience as a qualified radiographer in industrial radiographic operations.
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