DHS 157.06(4)(b)1.1. Gray is the SI unit of absorbed dose. One gray is equal to an absorbed dose of one joule per kilogram (100 rad). DHS 157.06(4)(b)2.2. Rad is the special unit of absorbed dose. One rad is equal to an absorbed dose of 100 erg per gram or 0.01 joule per kilogram. DHS 157.06(4)(b)3.3. Rem is the special unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in rem is equal to the absorbed dose in rad multiplied by the quality factor. DHS 157.06 NoteNote: 0.01 sievert equals one rem.
DHS 157.06(4)(b)4.4. Sievert is the SI unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in sievert is equal to the absorbed dose in gray multiplied by the quality factor. DHS 157.06 NoteNote: One sievert equals 100 rem.
DHS 157.06(4)(c)(c) The quality factors for converting absorbed dose to dose equivalent are shown in Table DHS 157.06A. DHS 157.06 NoteNote: Absorbed dose in gray equal to one Sv or the absorbed dose in rad equal to one rem.
DHS 157.06(4)(d)(d) If it is more convenient to measure the neutron fluence rate than to determine the neutron dose equivalent rate in sievert per hour or rem per hour, as provided in par. (c), 0.01 Sv (1 rem) of neutron radiation of unknown energies may be assumed to result from a total fluence of 25 million neutrons per square centimeter incident upon the body. If sufficient information exists to estimate the approximate energy distribution of the neutrons, a licensee or registrant may use the fluence rate per unit dose equivalent or the appropriate Q value from Table DHS 157.06B to convert a measured tissue dose in gray or rad to dose equivalent in sievert or rem. Table DHS 157.06B
Mean Quality Factors, Q, and Fluence Per Unit Dose
Equivalent for Monoenergetic Neutrons
DHS 157.06 Notea Value of quality factor at the point where the dose equivalent is maximum in a 30-centimeter diameter cylinder tissue-equivalent phantom.
DHS 157.06 Noteb Monoenergetic neutrons incident normally on a 30-centimeter diameter cylinder tissue-equivalent phantom.
DHS 157.06(5)(5) Units of activity. For purposes of this chapter, activity is expressed in the SI unit of becquerel or in the special unit of curie, or their multiples, or disintegrations or transformations per unit of time. One becquerel = one disintegration or transformation per second. One curie = 3.7E+10 disintegrations or transformations per second = 3.7E+10 becquerel = 2.22E+12 disintegrations or transformations per minute. DHS 157.06 HistoryHistory: CR 01-108: cr. Register July 2002 No. 559, eff. 8-1-02. DHS 157.09(1)(a)(a) A person is exempt from subchs. III and X if the person receives, possesses, uses, owns or transfers any of the following types and forms of source material: DHS 157.09(1)(a)1.1. Any chemical mixture, compound, solution or alloy in which the source material by weight is less than 1/20 of one percent of the mixture, compound, solution or alloy. DHS 157.09(1)(a)2.2. Unrefined and unprocessed ore containing source material provided that, except as authorized in a specific license, the person does not refine or process the ore. DHS 157.09(1)(a)3.3. Rare earth metals and compounds, mixtures and products containing not more than 0.25% by weight thorium, uranium or any combination of these. DHS 157.09(1)(a)4.d.d. Electric lamps for illuminating purposes provided that a lamp does not contain more than 50 milligrams of thorium. DHS 157.09(1)(a)4.e.e. Germicidal lamps, sunlamps and lamps for outdoor or industrial lighting provided that a lamp does not contain more than 2 grams of thorium. DHS 157.09(1)(a)4.f.f. Personnel neutron dosimeters, provided that a dosimeter does not contain more than 50 milligrams of thorium. DHS 157.09(1)(a)5.a.a. Glazed ceramic tableware manufactured before August 27, 2013, provided that the glaze contains not more than 20% by weight source material. DHS 157.09(1)(a)5.b.b. Glassware containing not more than 2% by weight source material, or for glassware manufactured before August 27, 2013, 10% by weight source material; but not including commercially manufactured glass brick, pane glass, ceramic tile, or other glass or ceramic used in construction. DHS 157.09(1)(a)5.c.c. Glass enamel or glass enamel frit containing not more than 10% by weight source material imported or ordered for importation into the United States or initially distributed by manufacturers in the United States, before July 25, 1983. DHS 157.09(1)(a)6.6. Photographic film, negatives and prints containing uranium or thorium. DHS 157.09(1)(a)7.7. Any finished product or part fabricated of tungsten-thorium or magnesium-thorium alloys, or containing tungsten-thorium or magnesium-thorium alloys, provided that the thorium content of the alloy does not exceed 4% by weight and that this exemption is not deemed to authorize the chemical, physical or metallurgical treatment or processing of any product or part. DHS 157.09(1)(a)8.8. Uranium contained in counterweights installed in aircraft, rockets, projectiles or missiles or stored or handled in connection with installation or removal of the counterweights, under all of the following conditions: DHS 157.09(1)(a)8.a.a. Each counterweight has been impressed with the following legend clearly legible through any plating or other covering: “DEPLETED URANIUM”. This requirement need not be met by counterweights manufactured prior to December 31, 1969 provided that the counterweights are impressed with the legend “CAUTION — RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL — URANIUM”. DHS 157.09(1)(a)8.b.b. Each counterweight is durably and legibly labeled or marked with the identification of the manufacturer and the statement, “UNAUTHORIZED ALTERATIONS PROHIBITED”. This requirement need not be met by counterweights manufactured prior to December 31, 1969 provided that the counterweights are impressed with the legend “CAUTION — RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL — URANIUM”. DHS 157.09(1)(a)8.c.c. This exemption may not be deemed to authorize the chemical, physical or metallurgical treatment or processing of any of these counterweights other than repair or restoration of any plating or other covering. DHS 157.09(1)(a)9.9. Natural or depleted uranium metal used as shielding constituting part of any shipping container, provided that the shipping container is conspicuously and legibly impressed with the legend “CAUTION — RADIOACTIVE SHIELDING — URANIUM”; and the uranium metal is encased in mild steel or equally fire resistant metal of minimum wall thickness of 3.2 millimeter (one-eighth inch). DHS 157.09(1)(a)10.10. Thorium or uranium contained in or on finished optical lenses and mirrors, provided that a lens or mirror does not contain more than10% by weight of thorium or uranium or for lenses manufactured before August 27, 2013, 30% by weight of thorium and that this exemption is not deemed to authorize either of the following: DHS 157.09(1)(a)10.a.a. The shaping, grinding or polishing of the lens or manufacturing processes other than the assembly of the lens into optical systems and devices without any alteration of the lens. DHS 157.09(1)(a)10.b.b. The receipt, possession, use or transfer of thorium contained in contact lenses, spectacles, eyepieces in binoculars or other optical instruments. DHS 157.09(1)(a)11.11. Thorium contained in any finished aircraft engine part containing nickel-thoria alloy, provided that the thorium is dispersed in the alloy in the form of finely divided thoria, and the thorium content in the nickel-thoria alloy does not exceed 4% by weight. DHS 157.09(1)(a)12.12. Only persons authorized by a license issued under 10 CFR 40.52, may initially transfer for sale or distribution such products containing source material to a person exempt under this subsection. DHS 157.09(1)(a)13.13. Persons authorized by an agreement state to manufacture, process, or produce materials or products containing source material, and persons who import finished products or parts for sale or distribution, shall be licensed for distribution only under 10 CFR 40.52, and are exempt from s. DHS 157.13 (2) (a) and (b) and subchs. III and X. DHS 157.09(1)(b)(b) The exemptions in par. (a) do not authorize the manufacture of any of the products described. DHS 157.09(2)(2) Exemptions of radioactive material other than source material. DHS 157.09(2)(a)(a) Exempt concentrations. Except as provided in this paragraph, a person is exempt from this subchapter to the extent that the person receives, possesses, uses, transfers, owns or acquires products containing radioactive material introduced in concentrations no greater than those listed in ch. DHS 157 Appendix A. A person may not introduce radioactive material into a product or material knowing or having reason to believe that it will be transferred to persons exempt under this paragraph or equivalent regulations of the NRC, any agreement state or licensing state, except under a specific license issued under 10 CFR 32.11 or s. DHS 157.13 (4) (a). DHS 157.09(2)(a)1.1. This paragraph does not authorize the import of radioactive material or products containing radioactive material. DHS 157.09(2)(a)2.2. A manufacturer, processor or producer of a product or material is exempt from the requirements of subch. II if they transfer radioactive material contained in a product or material in concentrations not in excess of those in ch. DHS 157 Appendix A and introduced into the product or material by a licensee holding a specific license issued by the department, the NRC or another agreement state expressly authorizing such introduction. This exemption does not apply to the transfer of radioactive material contained in any food, beverage, cosmetic, drug, or other commodity or product designed for ingestion or inhalation by, or application to, a human being. DHS 157.09(2)(b)(b) Exempt quantities. Except as provided in this paragraph, a person is exempt from this subchapter to the extent that the person receives, possesses, uses, transfers, owns or acquires radioactive material in individual quantities each of which does not exceed the applicable quantity set forth in ch. DHS 157 Appendix B. DHS 157.09(2)(b)1.1. This paragraph does not authorize the production, packaging or repackaging of radioactive material for purposes of commercial distribution or the incorporation of radioactive material into products intended for commercial distribution. DHS 157.09(2)(b)2.2. No person may, for purposes of commercial distribution, transfer radioactive material in the individual quantities set forth in ch. DHS 157 Appendix B to any person exempt from this chapter or equivalent regulations of the NRC, an agreement state or a licensing state, except under a specific license issued by the NRC under 10 CFR 32.18, or by the department under s. DHS 157.13 (4) (b) which license states that the radioactive material may be transferred by the licensee to persons exempt under this paragraph or the equivalent regulations of the NRC, an agreement state or a licensing state. DHS 157.09(2)(b)3.3. A person, who possesses byproduct material received or acquired before September 25, 1971, under the general license then provided in 10 CFR 31.4 or similar general license of a State, is exempt from the requirements of this subchapter to the extent that this person possesses, uses, transfers, or owns byproduct material. DHS 157.09 NoteNote: Authority to transfer possession or control by the manufacturer, processor or producer of any equipment, device, commodity, or other product containing byproduct material whose subsequent possession, use, transfer and disposal by all other persons are exempted from regulatory requirements may be obtained only from the NRC, Washington, D.C. 20555.
DHS 157.09(2)(c)(c) Certain items containing radioactive material. Except for persons who apply radioactive material to the following products, or incorporate radioactive material into the following products, or initially transfer for sale or distribution the following products, a person is exempt from this subchapter if the person receives, possesses, uses, transfers, owns or acquires any of the following products: DHS 157.09(2)(c)1.1. Timepieces, hands or dials containing not more than the following specified quantities of radioactive material: DHS 157.09 NoteNote: Bezels, when used, should be considered as part of the dial.
DHS 157.09(2)(c)1.d.d. 3.7 MBq (100 microcuries) of promethium-147 per watch or 7.4 MBq (200 microcuries) of promethium-147 per any timepiece. DHS 157.09(2)(c)1.e.e. 0.74 MBq (20 microcuries) of promethium-147 per watch hand or 1.48 MBq (40 microcuries) of promethium-147 per other timepiece hand. DHS 157.09(2)(c)1.f.f. 2.22 MBq (60 microcuries) of promethium-147 per watch dial or 4.44 MBq (120 microcuries) of promethium-147 per other timepiece dial (bezels when used shall be considered as part of the dial). DHS 157.09(2)(c)2.2. Timepieces, hands or dials containing promethium-147, when measured through 50 milligrams per square centimeter of absorber, not exceeding the following radiation dose rate: DHS 157.09(2)(c)2.a.a. For wrist watches, one microgray (0.1 millirad) per hour at 10 centimeters from any surface. DHS 157.09(2)(c)2.b.b. For pocket watches, one microgray (0.1 millirad) per hour at one centimeter from any surface. DHS 157.09(2)(c)2.c.c. For any other timepiece, 2 microgray (0.2 millirad) per hour at 10 centimeters from any surface. DHS 157.09(2)(c)3.3. Timepieces containing up to 37 kBq (1.0 microcurie) of radium-226 per timepiece acquired prior to November 30, 2007. DHS 157.09(2)(c)4.4. Ionization chamber smoke detectors containing not more than 37 kBq (1 microcurie) of americium-241 per detector in the form of a foil and designed to protect life and property from fires. DHS 157.09(2)(c)5.5. Precision balances containing not more than 37 MBq (1 millicurie) of tritium per balance or not more than 18.5 MBq (0.5 millicurie) of tritium per balance part. DHS 157.09(2)(c)6.6. Marine compasses containing not more than 27.8 GBq (750 millicuries) of tritium gas and other marine navigational instruments containing not more than 9.25 GBq (250 millicuries) of tritium gas. DHS 157.09(2)(c)7.7. Electron tubes, including spark gap tubes, power tubes, gas tubes including glow lamps, receiving tubes, microwave tubes, indicator tubes, pick-up tubes, radiation detection tubes, and any other completely sealed tube that is designed to conduct or control electrical currents, provided that the radiation dose rate from each electron tube containing radioactive material does not exceed 10 microgray (1 millirad) per hour at one centimeter from any surface when measured through 7 milligrams per square centimeter of absorber and that each tube does not contain more than one of the following specified quantities of radioactive material: DHS 157.09(2)(c)7.a.a. 5.55 GBq (150 millicuries) of tritium per microwave receiver protector tube or 370 MBq (10 millicuries) of tritium per any other electron tube. DHS 157.09(2)(c)8.8. Ionizing radiation measuring instruments containing, for purposes of internal calibration or standardization, one or more sources of radioactive material, provided all the following conditions are met: DHS 157.09(2)(c)8.b.b. Each instrument contains no more than 10 exempt quantities. For the purposes of this subd. par., an instrument’s source or sources may contain either one or different types of radionuclides and an individual exempt quantity may be composed of fractional parts of one or more of the exempt quantities in ch. DHS 157 Appendix B, provided that the sum of the fractions does not exceed unity. DHS 157.09(2)(c)8.c.c. For purposes of this subdivision, 1.85 kBq (0.05 microcurie) of americium-241 is considered to be an exempt quantity. DHS 157.09(2)(c)9.9. Static elimination devices which contain, as a sealed source or sources, radioactive material consisting of a total of not more than 18.5 MBq (500 microcuries) of polonium-210 per device. DHS 157.09(2)(c)10.10. Ion generating tubes designed for ionization of air that contain, as a sealed source or sources, radioactive material consisting of a total of not more than 18.5 MBq (500 microcuries) of polonium-210 per device or of a total of not more than 1.85 GBq (50 mCi) of hydrogen-3 (tritium) per device.
