Wisconsin Legislature: DHS 157.03(70)(b)

(56r) “Category 2 quantity of radioactive material” means a quantity of radioactive material meeting or exceeding the category 2 threshold, but less than the category 1 threshold in ch. DHS 157 Appendix U.

Note: This is determined by calculating the ratio of the total activity of each radionuclide to the category 2 threshold for that radionuclide and adding the ratios together. If the sum is equal to or exceeds 1, the quantity would be considered a category 2 quantity. Category 2 quantities of radioactive material do not include the radioactive material contained in any fuel assembly, subassembly, fuel rod, or fuel pellet. Chapter DHS 157 Appendix U is used to determine the category 2 threshold for a category 2 quantity of radioactive material. The category 1 and category 2 thresholds in ch. DHS 157 Appendix U and ch. DHS 157 Appendix T are not interchangeable.

(57) “Cephalometric device” means a device intended for the radiographic visualization and measurement of the dimensions of the human head.

(57c) “Certifiable cabinet x-ray system” means an existing uncertified radiation generating device that has been modified to meet the certification requirements specified in 21 CFR 1020.40.

(57g) “Certificate holder” means a person who has been issued a certificate of compliance or other package approval by the U.S. nuclear regulatory commission.

(57r) “Certificate of Compliance” or “CoC” means the certificate issued by the U.S. nuclear regulatory commission under subpart D of 10 CFR 71 which approves the design of a package for the transportation of radioactive material.

(57w) “Certified cabinet x-ray system” means a radiation generating device certified by the manufacturer in accordance with 21 CFR 1010.2 as being manufactured and assembled pursuant to the provisions of applicable federal radiation safety performance standards 21 CFR 1010 and 1020.40.

(58) “Certified components” means components of x-ray systems subject to 21 CFR 1010.2.

(59) “Certified system” means any x-ray system that has one or more components certified under 21 CFR 1010.2.

(60) “Certifying entity” means an independent certifying organization meeting the requirements in 10 CFR 34, Appendix A or an agreement state meeting the requirements in 10 CFR 34, Appendix A, Parts II and III.

(61) “Changeable filters” means any filter, exclusive of inherent filtration, that may be removed from the useful beam through any electronic, mechanical or physical process.

(62) “Chelating agent” means a chemical compound used to remove radioactive material from other substances.

Note: Examples of chelating agents are amine polycarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, glucinic acid and polycarboxylic acids.

(63) “Chiropractor” means an individual licensed under ch. 446, Stats., to practice chiropractic.

(64) “Class” means a classification scheme for inhaled material according to the material’s rate of clearance from the pulmonary region of the lung. Materials are classified as D, W or Y, depending on the amount of time half of the material clears from human lungs. Half of class D material clears from lungs in less than 10 days; half of class W material clears from lungs in from 10 to 100 days; and half of class Y material clears from lungs in greater than 100 days.

(65) “Cinefluorography” means the continuous recording of a fluoroscopy image using movie film.

(66) “Client’s address” means the area of use or a temporary jobsite for the purpose of providing mobile medical service.

(66m) “Closed-beam x-ray equipment” means a system in which the beam path cannot be entered by any part of the body during normal operation.

(67) “Closed transport vehicle” means a transport vehicle equipped with a securely attached exterior enclosure that during normal transportation restricts the access of unauthorized persons to the cargo space containing a radioactive material. The enclosure may be either temporary or permanent but shall limit access from top, sides and ends. In the case of packaged materials, the vehicle may be of the “see-through” type that allows observation of the packages while prohibiting access.

(68) “Coefficient of variation” means the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value of a population of observations. It is estimated using the following equation:

where:

S = standard deviation of the observed values;

X = mean value of observations in sample;

Xi = ith observation in sample; and

n = number of observations in sample.

(69) “Collective dose” means the sum of the individual doses received in a given period of time by a specified population from exposure to a specified source of radiation.

(70) “Collimator” means one of the following:

(a) A radiation shield that is placed on the end of the guide tube or directly onto a radiographic exposure device to restrict the size of the radiation beam when the sealed source is moved into position to make a radiographic exposure.

(b) A device attached to an x-ray tube that limits the radiation area.

(71) “Commission” means the United States nuclear regulatory commission.

(72) “Committed dose equivalent” or “CDE” means the dose equivalent to organs or tissues of reference that will be received from an intake of radioactive material by an individual during the 50-year period following the intake.

(73) “Committed effective dose equivalent” or “CEDE” is the sum of the products of the weighting factors applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that are irradiated and the committed dose equivalent to each of these organs or tissues.

Note: Committed effective dose equivalent (HE,50) equals the sum of the weighting factor (wT,) times the committed dose equivalent (HT,50).

(74) “Computed tomography” or “CT” means the production of a tomogram by the acquisition and computer processing of x-ray transmission data.

(75)

(a) “Computed tomography dose index” or “CTDI” means the integral from -10T to +10T of the dose profile along a line perpendicular to the tomographic plane divided by the product of the nominal tomographic section thickness and the number of tomograms produced in a single scan, that is:

- See PDF for table

where:

z = position along a line perpendicular to the tomographic plane;

D(z) = dose at position z;

T = nominal tomographic section thickness in millimeters;

n = number of tomograms produced in a single scan.

(b) The definition of “computed tomography dose index” assumes that the dose profile is centered around z=0 and that, for a multiple tomogram system, the scan increment between adjacent scans is nT.

(75m) “Consignment” means each shipment of a package or groups of packages or load of radioactive material offered by a shipper for transport.

(75r) “Consortium” means an association of medical use licensees and a PET facility in the same geographical area, physically located at an educational institution, a federal facility or a medical facility, that jointly own or share in the operation and maintenance cost of the PET facility that produces PET radionuclides for use in producing radioactive drugs within the consortium for noncommercial distributions among its associated members for medical use.

(76) “Constraint” means a value above which specified licensee or registrant actions are required.

(77) “Contact therapy system” means a therapeutic radiation machine with a short target to skin distance, usually less than 5 centimeters.

(77m) “Contamination” means the presence of a radioactive substance on a surface in quantities in excess of 0.4 Bq/cm2 (1x10-5 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 0.04 Bq/cm2 (1x10-6 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(78) “Control cable” means the cable that is connected to the source assembly and used to drive the source to and from the exposure location.

(79) “Control drive mechanism” means a device that enables the source assembly to be moved into and out of the exposure device.

(80) “Control panel” means that part of an x-ray control upon which are mounted the switches, knobs, pushbuttons and other hardware necessary for manually setting the technique factors.

(81) “Control tube” means a protective sheath for guiding the control cable. The control tube connects the control drive mechanism to the radiographic exposure device.

(82) “Controlled area” means an area, outside of a restricted area but inside the site boundary, access to which may be limited by the licensee or registrant for any reason.

(82m) “Conveyance” means any one of the following:

(a) For transport by public highway or rail, any transport vehicle or large freight container.

(b) For transport by water, any vessel, or any hold, compartment or defined deck area of a vessel, including any transport vehicle on board the vessel.

(83) “Cooling curve” means the graphical relationship between heat units stored and cooling time.

(84) “Critical group” means the group of individuals reasonably expected to receive the greatest exposure to residual radioactivity for any applicable set of circumstances.

(84m) ”Criticality safety index” or ”CSI” means the dimensionless number, rounded up to the next tenth, assigned to and placed on the label of a fissile material package to designate the degree of control of accumulation of packages, overpacks, or freight containers containing fissile material during transportation.

Note: Determination of the criticality safety index is described in s. DHS 157.93 (7) and (8) and 10 CFR 71.59. The CSI for an overpack, freight container, consignment or conveyance containing fissile material packages is the arithmetic sum of the criticality safety indices of all the fissile material packages contained within the overpack freight container, consignment, or conveyance.

(85) “CT conditions of operation” means all selectable parameters governing the operation of a CT x-ray system including nominal tomographic section thickness, filtration and the technique factors as defined in s. DHS 157.84.

(86) “CT gantry” means the tube housing assemblies, beam-limiting devices, detectors and the supporting structures and frames that hold these components.

(87) “CT number” or “CTN” means the number used to represent the x-ray attenuation associated with each elemental area of the CT image as expressed in the following equation:

where:

K = a constant, a normal value of 1,000 when the Houndsfield scale of CTN is used;

= linear attenuation coefficient of the material of interest;

= linear attenuation coefficient of water.

(87m) “Cumulative air kerma” means the total air kerma accrued from the beginning of an examination or procedure and includes all contributions from fluoroscopic and radiographic irradiation.

(88) “Curie” or “Ci” means 3.7 x 1010 disintegrations per second = 3.7 x 1010 becquerels = 2.22 x 1012 disintegrations per minute.

(89) “Dead-man switch” means a switch so constructed that a circuit closing contact may be maintained only by continuous pressure on the switch by the operator.

(90) “Declared pregnant woman” means a woman who has voluntarily informed the licensee or registrant, in writing, of her pregnancy and the estimated date of conception. The declaration remains in effect until the declared pregnant woman withdraws the declaration in writing or is no longer pregnant.

(91) “Decommission” means to remove a facility or site safely from service and reduce residual radioactivity to a level that permits release of the property for unrestricted use and termination of the license; or release of the property under restricted conditions and termination of the license.

(92) “Dedicated check source” means a radioactive source that is used to assure the constant operation of a radiation detection or measurement device over several months or years.

(93) “Deep dose equivalent” or “Hd” means the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of one centimeter (1000 mg/cm2) and applies to external whole body exposure.

(94) “Deliberate misconduct” means an intentional act or omission that the person knows would cause any of the following:

(a) A licensee, registrant or applicant to be in violation of any requirement under this chapter, any order of the department, or any term, condition or limitation of any license or registration issued by the department under this chapter.

(b) A violation of a requirement, procedure, instruction, contract, purchase order or policy of a licensee, registrant, applicant, or contractor or subcontractor of a licensee, registrant or applicant.

(95) “Demand respirator” means an atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to the face piece only when a negative pressure is created inside the facepiece by inhalation.

(96) “Dentist” means an individual licensed under ch. 447, Stats., to practice dentistry.

(97) “Department” means the department of health services.

(98) “Depleted uranium” means uranium containing less uranium-235 than the naturally occurring distribution of uranium isotopes.

(99) “Derived air concentration” or “DAC” means the concentration of a given radionuclide in air which, if breathed by the reference man for a working year of 2,000 hours under conditions of light work, results in an intake of one ALI.

Note: For purposes of this chapter, the condition of light work is an inhalation rate of 1.2 cubic meters of air per hour for 2,000 hours in a year. DAC values are given in Table I, column 3, of ch. DHS 157 Appendix E.

(100) “Derived air concentration-hour” or “DAC-hour” means the product of the concentration of radioactive material in air, expressed as a fraction or multiple of the derived air concentration for each radionuclide, and the time of exposure to that radionuclide, in hours. A licensee or registrant may take 2,000 DAC-hours to represent one ALI, equivalent to a committed effective dose equivalent of 0.05 Sv (5 rem).

(101) “Detector” means a device which in the presence of radiation provides, by either direct or indirect means, a signal or other indication suitable for use in measuring one or more quantities of incident radiation.

(101m) “Deuterium” means deuterium and any deuterium compounds, including heavy water, in which the ratio of deuterium atoms to hydrogen atoms exceeds 1:5000.