Wisconsin Legislature: DHS 157.03 Note

(50) “Byproduct material” means any of the following:

(a) Any radioactive material, except special nuclear material, yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or using special nuclear material.

(b) The tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from ore processed primarily for its source material content, including discrete surface wastes resulting from uranium or thorium solution extraction processes. Underground ore bodies depleted by these solution extraction operations do not constitute “byproduct material” within this definition.

(c) Any discrete source of radium-226 that has been produced, extracted or converted after extraction, for use for a commercial, medical or research activity.

(d) Any material that has been made radioactive by use of a particle accelerator, and is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction, for use for a commercial, medical or research activity.

(e) Any discrete source of naturally occurring radioactive material, other than source material, that the NRC, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the head of any other appropriate federal agency, determines would pose a threat similar to the threat posed by a discrete source of radium-226 to the public health and safety or the common defense and security, and is extracted or converted after extraction for use in a commercial, medical or research activity.

(51) “Cabinet radiography” means industrial radiography conducted in an enclosure or cabinet so shielded that every location on the exterior meets the dose limits for individual members of the public as specified in s. DHS 157.23 (1).

(52) “Cabinet x-ray system” means an x-ray system, manufactured under the requirements of 21 CFR 1020.40, with an x-ray tube installed in an enclosure that is independent of existing architectural structures except the floor. The cabinet x-ray system is intended to contain at least that portion of a material being irradiated, provide radiation attenuation and exclude personnel from its interior during generation of radiation. “Cabinet x-ray system” includes x-ray systems designed primarily for the inspection of carry-on baggage at airline, railroad and bus terminals and in similar facilities. An x-ray tube used within a shielded part of a building or x-ray equipment that may temporarily or occasionally incorporate portable shielding is not considered a cabinet x-ray system.

(53) “Calendar quarter” means a period of time equal to one-fourth of the year observed by the licensee or registrant, providing that the beginning of the first quarter in a year coincides with the starting date of the year and that no day is omitted or duplicated in consecutive quarters.

Note: A calendar quarter is approximately 13 consecutive weeks.

(54) “C-arm x-ray system” means an x-ray system in which the image receptor and x-ray tube housing assembly are connected by a common mechanical support system to maintain a desired spatial relationship. The system allows the operator to change the projection of the beam through the patient without changing the position of the patient.

(55) “Calibration” means determining either of the following:

(a) The response or reading of an instrument relative to a series of known radiation values over the range of the instrument.

(b) The strength of a source of radiation relative to a standard.

(56) “Carrier” means a person engaged in the transportation of passengers or property by land or water as a common, contract or private carrier or by civil aircraft.

(56g) “Category 1 quantity of radioactive material” means a quantity of radioactive material meeting or exceeding the category 1 threshold in ch. DHS 157 Appendix U.

Note: This is determined by calculating the ratio of the total activity of each radionuclide to the category 1 threshold for that radionuclide and adding the ratios together. If the sum is equal to or exceeds 1, the quantity would be considered a category 1 quantity. Category 1 quantities of radioactive material do not include the radioactive material contained in any fuel assembly, subassembly, fuel rod, or fuel pellet. Chapter DHS 157 Appendix U is used to determine the category 1 threshold for a category 1 quantity of radioactive material. The category 1 and category 2 thresholds in ch. DHS 157 Appendix U and ch. DHS 157 Appendix T are not interchangeable.

(56r) “Category 2 quantity of radioactive material” means a quantity of radioactive material meeting or exceeding the category 2 threshold, but less than the category 1 threshold in ch. DHS 157 Appendix U.

Note: This is determined by calculating the ratio of the total activity of each radionuclide to the category 2 threshold for that radionuclide and adding the ratios together. If the sum is equal to or exceeds 1, the quantity would be considered a category 2 quantity. Category 2 quantities of radioactive material do not include the radioactive material contained in any fuel assembly, subassembly, fuel rod, or fuel pellet. Chapter DHS 157 Appendix U is used to determine the category 2 threshold for a category 2 quantity of radioactive material. The category 1 and category 2 thresholds in ch. DHS 157 Appendix U and ch. DHS 157 Appendix T are not interchangeable.

(57) “Cephalometric device” means a device intended for the radiographic visualization and measurement of the dimensions of the human head.

(57c) “Certifiable cabinet x-ray system” means an existing uncertified radiation generating device that has been modified to meet the certification requirements specified in 21 CFR 1020.40.

(57g) “Certificate holder” means a person who has been issued a certificate of compliance or other package approval by the U.S. nuclear regulatory commission.

(57r) “Certificate of Compliance” or “CoC” means the certificate issued by the U.S. nuclear regulatory commission under subpart D of 10 CFR 71 which approves the design of a package for the transportation of radioactive material.

(57w) “Certified cabinet x-ray system” means a radiation generating device certified by the manufacturer in accordance with 21 CFR 1010.2 as being manufactured and assembled pursuant to the provisions of applicable federal radiation safety performance standards 21 CFR 1010 and 1020.40.

(58) “Certified components” means components of x-ray systems subject to 21 CFR 1010.2.

(59) “Certified system” means any x-ray system that has one or more components certified under 21 CFR 1010.2.

(60) “Certifying entity” means an independent certifying organization meeting the requirements in 10 CFR 34, Appendix A or an agreement state meeting the requirements in 10 CFR 34, Appendix A, Parts II and III.

(61) “Changeable filters” means any filter, exclusive of inherent filtration, that may be removed from the useful beam through any electronic, mechanical or physical process.

(62) “Chelating agent” means a chemical compound used to remove radioactive material from other substances.

Note: Examples of chelating agents are amine polycarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, glucinic acid and polycarboxylic acids.

(63) “Chiropractor” means an individual licensed under ch. 446, Stats., to practice chiropractic.

(64) “Class” means a classification scheme for inhaled material according to the material’s rate of clearance from the pulmonary region of the lung. Materials are classified as D, W or Y, depending on the amount of time half of the material clears from human lungs. Half of class D material clears from lungs in less than 10 days; half of class W material clears from lungs in from 10 to 100 days; and half of class Y material clears from lungs in greater than 100 days.

(65) “Cinefluorography” means the continuous recording of a fluoroscopy image using movie film.

(66) “Client’s address” means the area of use or a temporary jobsite for the purpose of providing mobile medical service.

(66m) “Closed-beam x-ray equipment” means a system in which the beam path cannot be entered by any part of the body during normal operation.

(67) “Closed transport vehicle” means a transport vehicle equipped with a securely attached exterior enclosure that during normal transportation restricts the access of unauthorized persons to the cargo space containing a radioactive material. The enclosure may be either temporary or permanent but shall limit access from top, sides and ends. In the case of packaged materials, the vehicle may be of the “see-through” type that allows observation of the packages while prohibiting access.

(68) “Coefficient of variation” means the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value of a population of observations. It is estimated using the following equation:

where:

S = standard deviation of the observed values;

X = mean value of observations in sample;

Xi = ith observation in sample; and

n = number of observations in sample.

(69) “Collective dose” means the sum of the individual doses received in a given period of time by a specified population from exposure to a specified source of radiation.

(70) “Collimator” means one of the following:

(a) A radiation shield that is placed on the end of the guide tube or directly onto a radiographic exposure device to restrict the size of the radiation beam when the sealed source is moved into position to make a radiographic exposure.

(b) A device attached to an x-ray tube that limits the radiation area.

(71) “Commission” means the United States nuclear regulatory commission.

(72) “Committed dose equivalent” or “CDE” means the dose equivalent to organs or tissues of reference that will be received from an intake of radioactive material by an individual during the 50-year period following the intake.

(73) “Committed effective dose equivalent” or “CEDE” is the sum of the products of the weighting factors applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that are irradiated and the committed dose equivalent to each of these organs or tissues.

Note: Committed effective dose equivalent (HE,50) equals the sum of the weighting factor (wT,) times the committed dose equivalent (HT,50).

(74) “Computed tomography” or “CT” means the production of a tomogram by the acquisition and computer processing of x-ray transmission data.

(75)

(a) “Computed tomography dose index” or “CTDI” means the integral from -10T to +10T of the dose profile along a line perpendicular to the tomographic plane divided by the product of the nominal tomographic section thickness and the number of tomograms produced in a single scan, that is:

- See PDF for table

where:

z = position along a line perpendicular to the tomographic plane;

D(z) = dose at position z;

T = nominal tomographic section thickness in millimeters;

n = number of tomograms produced in a single scan.

(b) The definition of “computed tomography dose index” assumes that the dose profile is centered around z=0 and that, for a multiple tomogram system, the scan increment between adjacent scans is nT.

(75m) “Consignment” means each shipment of a package or groups of packages or load of radioactive material offered by a shipper for transport.

(75r) “Consortium” means an association of medical use licensees and a PET facility in the same geographical area, physically located at an educational institution, a federal facility or a medical facility, that jointly own or share in the operation and maintenance cost of the PET facility that produces PET radionuclides for use in producing radioactive drugs within the consortium for noncommercial distributions among its associated members for medical use.

(76) “Constraint” means a value above which specified licensee or registrant actions are required.

(77) “Contact therapy system” means a therapeutic radiation machine with a short target to skin distance, usually less than 5 centimeters.

(77m) “Contamination” means the presence of a radioactive substance on a surface in quantities in excess of 0.4 Bq/cm2 (1x10-5 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 0.04 Bq/cm2 (1x10-6 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(78) “Control cable” means the cable that is connected to the source assembly and used to drive the source to and from the exposure location.

(79) “Control drive mechanism” means a device that enables the source assembly to be moved into and out of the exposure device.

(80) “Control panel” means that part of an x-ray control upon which are mounted the switches, knobs, pushbuttons and other hardware necessary for manually setting the technique factors.

(81) “Control tube” means a protective sheath for guiding the control cable. The control tube connects the control drive mechanism to the radiographic exposure device.

(82) “Controlled area” means an area, outside of a restricted area but inside the site boundary, access to which may be limited by the licensee or registrant for any reason.

(82m) “Conveyance” means any one of the following:

(a) For transport by public highway or rail, any transport vehicle or large freight container.

(b) For transport by water, any vessel, or any hold, compartment or defined deck area of a vessel, including any transport vehicle on board the vessel.

(83) “Cooling curve” means the graphical relationship between heat units stored and cooling time.

(84) “Critical group” means the group of individuals reasonably expected to receive the greatest exposure to residual radioactivity for any applicable set of circumstances.

(84m) ”Criticality safety index” or ”CSI” means the dimensionless number, rounded up to the next tenth, assigned to and placed on the label of a fissile material package to designate the degree of control of accumulation of packages, overpacks, or freight containers containing fissile material during transportation.

Note: Determination of the criticality safety index is described in s. DHS 157.93 (7) and (8) and 10 CFR 71.59. The CSI for an overpack, freight container, consignment or conveyance containing fissile material packages is the arithmetic sum of the criticality safety indices of all the fissile material packages contained within the overpack freight container, consignment, or conveyance.

(85) “CT conditions of operation” means all selectable parameters governing the operation of a CT x-ray system including nominal tomographic section thickness, filtration and the technique factors as defined in s. DHS 157.84.

(86) “CT gantry” means the tube housing assemblies, beam-limiting devices, detectors and the supporting structures and frames that hold these components.

(87) “CT number” or “CTN” means the number used to represent the x-ray attenuation associated with each elemental area of the CT image as expressed in the following equation:

where:

K = a constant, a normal value of 1,000 when the Houndsfield scale of CTN is used;

= linear attenuation coefficient of the material of interest;

= linear attenuation coefficient of water.

(87m) “Cumulative air kerma” means the total air kerma accrued from the beginning of an examination or procedure and includes all contributions from fluoroscopic and radiographic irradiation.

(88) “Curie” or “Ci” means 3.7 x 1010 disintegrations per second = 3.7 x 1010 becquerels = 2.22 x 1012 disintegrations per minute.