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(b) Certified by the American board of medical physics in radiation oncology physics.
(c) Certified by the Canadian college of medical physics.
(211)“Medical use” means the intentional internal or external administration of radioactive material or the radiation from radioactive material to patients or human research subjects under the supervision of an authorized user.
(212)“Medium dose-rate remote afterloader” or “MDR” means a device that delivers a dose rate of greater than 2 gray (200 rads) but less than 12 gray (1200 rads) per hour at the point or surface where the dose is prescribed.
(213)“Megavolt” or “MV” means the energy equal to that acquired by a particle with one electron charge in passing through a potential difference of one million volts in a vacuum.
Note: The current convention is to use MV to designate photons and MeV to designate electrons.
(214)“Member of the public” means an individual in a controlled or unrestricted area. However, an individual is not a member of the public during any period in which the individual receives an occupational dose.
(215)“Minor” means an individual less than 18 years of age.
(215m)“Mobile device” means a piece of equipment containing licensed radioactive material that is either mounted on wheels or casters, or otherwise equipped for moving without a need for disassembly or dismounting; or designed to be hand carried. “Mobile device” does not include stationary equipment installed in a fixed location.
(216)“Mobile medical service supplier” means a mobile service that carries or receives radioactive materials for medical use at a client’s address.
(217)“Mobile x-ray equipment” means x-ray equipment mounted on a permanent base with wheels or casters for moving while completely assembled.
(218)“Moderator” means a material that decreases the energy of neutrons.
(219)“Monitoring” means the measurement of radiation, radioactive material concentrations, surface area activities or quantities of radioactive material and the use of the results of these measurements to evaluate potential exposures and doses.
(219m)“Movement control center” means an operations center that is remote from transport activity and that maintains position information on the movement of radioactive material, receives reports of attempted attacks or thefts, provides a means for reporting these and other problems to appropriate agencies, and requests and coordinates appropriate aid.
(220)“Moving beam radiation therapy” means radiation therapy with any planned displacement of radiation field or patient relative to each other or with any planned change of absorbed dose distribution. It includes arc, skip, conformal, intensity modulation and rotational therapy.
(221)“Multiple tomogram system” means a computed tomography x-ray system that obtains x-ray transmission data simultaneously during a single scan to produce more than one tomogram image.
(221m)“Nationally tracked source” means a sealed source containing a quantity equal to or greater than category 1 or category 2 thresholds of any radioactive material listed in ch. DHS 157 Appendix T. In this context a sealed source is defined as radioactive material that is sealed in a capsule or closely bonded, in a solid form and which is not exempt from regulatory control. It does not mean material encapsulated solely for disposal, or nuclear material contained in any fuel assembly, subassembly, fuel rod, or fuel pellet. Category 1 nationally tracked sources are those containing radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the category1 threshold. Category 2 nationally tracked sources are those containing radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the category 2 threshold but less than the category 1 threshold.
Note: Chapter DHS 157 Appendix T is used to determine the category 1 and category 2 thresholds for a nationally tracked source. The category 1 and category 2 thresholds in ch. DHS 157 Appendix T and ch. DHS 157 Appendix U are not interchangeable.
(222)“NARM” means any naturally occurring or accelerator-produced radioactive material.
(223)“Natural radioactivity” means radioactivity of naturally occurring nuclides.
(224)“Natural thorium” means thorium with the naturally occurring distribution of thorium isotopes, which is essentially 100 weight percent thorium-232.
(225)“Natural uranium” means uranium with the naturally occurring distribution of uranium isotopes, which is approximately 0.711 weight percent uranium-235, and the remainder by weight essentially uranium-238.
(226)“Negative pressure respirator — tight fitting” means a respirator in which the air pressure inside the facepiece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.
(227)“Neutron absorber” means a material that absorbs neutrons emitted from radioactive material.
(228)“Noble gas” means a chemically inert gas that does not combine with other elements.
(228m)“No-later-than arrival time” means the date and time that the shipping licensee and receiving licensee have established as the time at which an investigation will be initiated if the shipment has not arrived at the receiving facility. The no-later-than arrival time may not be more than 6 hours after the estimated arrival time for shipments of category 2 quantities of radioactive material.
(229)“Nominal tomographic section thickness” means the full width at half-maximum of the sensitivity profile taken at the center of the cross-sectional volume over which x-ray transmission data are collected.
(230)“Nominal treatment distance” means:
(a) For electron irradiation, the distance from the scattering foil, virtual source or exit window of the electron beam to the entrance surface of the irradiated object along the central axis of the useful beam.
(b) For x-ray irradiation, the virtual source or target to isocenter distance along the central axis of the useful beam. For non-isocentric equipment, this distance shall be that specified by the manufacturer.
(230m)“Non-fixed contamination” means contamination that can be removed from a surface during normal conditions of transport.
(231)“Nonstochastic effect” or “deterministic effect” means health effects, the severity of which varies with the dose and for which a threshold is believed to exist. Radiation-induced cataract formation is an example of a nonstochastic effect.
(232)“Normal form radioactive material” means radioactive material that has not been demonstrated to qualify as special form radioactive material.
(233)“Notice of violation” means a written notice provided in response to an alleged infraction of ss. 254.31 to 254.45, Stats., this chapter, the conditions of a license or an order issued by the department.
(234)“NRC” means the U.S. nuclear regulatory commission.
(235)“Nuclear waste” means a quantity of source, byproduct or special nuclear material required to be in NRC-approved specification packaging while transported to, through or across a state boundary to a disposal site, or to a collection point for transport to a disposal site.
(235m)“Open-beam x-ray equipment” means an open-beam x-ray system in which the beam path could be entered by any part of the body at any time.
(236)“Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter” or “OSL” means a dosimeter containing a crystalline solid for measuring radiation dose plus filters to help characterize the type of radiation encountered.
Note: When exposed to the appropriate energy of light, exposed optically stimulated luminescent crystals give off light proportional to the energy received from the radiation.
(237)“Occupational dose” means the dose received by an individual in the course of employment in which the individual’s assigned duties involve exposure to radiation, or to radioactive material from licensed and unlicensed sources of radiation, whether in the possession of the licensee, registrant or other person. Occupational dose does not include dose received from background radiation, from any medical administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive material and released under s. DHS 157.62 (8), from voluntary participation in medical research programs or as a member of the public.
(238)“Offshore platform radiography” means industrial radiography conducted from a platform over a body of water.
(239)“Offsite response organization” means the non-licensee offsite organizations that may be needed to respond to an emergency, including local fire, police, ambulance and hospital services.
(239m)“Ophthalmic physicist” means an individual who meets all of the following qualifications:
(a) Meets the requirements in ss. DHS 157.61 (11) and 157.65 (6m) (a) 2.
(b) Is identified as an ophthalmic physicist on a specific medical use license, or other equivalent permit or license issued by the department, the NRC or an agreement state, or broad scope medical use licensee.
(240)“Output” means the exposure rate, dose rate or a quantity related in a known manner to these rates from a brachytherapy source or a teletherapy, remote afterloader or gamma stereotactic radiosurgery unit for a specified set of exposure conditions.
(241)“Package” means the packaging together with its radioactive contents as presented for transport.
(242)“Packaging” means the assembly of components necessary to ensure compliance with the packaging requirements of 49 CFR Part 173, Subpart I. It may consist of one or more receptacles, absorbent materials, spacing structures, thermal insulation, radiation shielding and devices for cooling or absorbing mechanical shocks. The vehicle, tie-down system and auxiliary equipment may be designated as part of the packaging.
(243)“Panoramic dry-source-storage irradiator” means a device in which the irradiations occur in air in areas potentially accessible to personnel and in which the sources are stored in shields made of solid materials. The term includes beam-type dry-source-storage devices in which only a narrow beam of radiation is produced.
(244)“Panoramic irradiator” means a device in which the irradiations are performed in air in areas potentially accessible to personnel. The term includes beam-type devices.
(245)“Panoramic wet-source-storage irradiator” means a device in which the irradiations occur in air in areas potentially accessible to personnel and in which the sources are stored under water in a storage pool.
(246)“Pass box” means a box with openings on each side that is placed in a wall between an x-ray room and a darkroom allowing transfer of film holders between the 2 rooms.
(247)“Patient” means an individual or animal subjected to healing arts examination, diagnosis or treatment.
(247m)“PACS” means picture archiving and communication system.
(248)“Periodic quality control check” means a procedure that is performed to ensure that a previous calibration continues to be valid.
(249)“Permanent radiographic installation” means an enclosed shielded room, cell or vault, not located at a temporary jobsite, in which radiography is performed.
(250)“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, agency, political subdivision of this state, any other state or political subdivision or agency thereof and any legal successor, representative, agent or agency of the foregoing, but does not include federal government agencies or Indian tribes or bands.
(251)“Person in control” means the individual directly responsible for safe operation of the radiation installation.
(252)“Personal supervision” means guidance and instruction by the supervisor who is physically present at the jobsite and watching the performance of the operation in such proximity that contact may be maintained and immediate assistance given as required.
(252g)“Personnel dosimeter”means a dosimeter assigned to an individual.
(252r)“Personnel security screening system” means any x-ray equipment used on humans for security evaluation.
(253)“Phantom” means a volume of material behaving in a manner similar to tissue with respect to the attenuation and scattering of radiation.
Note: This requires that both the atomic number (Z) and the density of the material be similar to that of tissue.
(254)“Pharmacist” means an individual licensed under ch. 450, Stats., to practice pharmacy.
(255)“Physician” means a medical doctor or doctor of osteopathy licensed under ch. 448, Stats., to prescribe drugs in the practice of medicine.
(256)“Picture element” means an elemental area of a tomogram.
(257)“Planned special exposure” means an infrequent exposure to radiation, separate from and in addition to the annual occupational dose limits, that requires a licensee or registrant to calculate the dose to be received by individuals prior to initiation of the planned task, as required under s. DHS 157.22 (6).
(258)“Pocket dosimeter” means a type of individual monitoring device that allows the user to view the accumulated radiation exposure received as recorded by the device.
(259)“Podiatrist” means an individual licensed under ch. 448, Stats., to practice podiatry.
(260)“Pool irradiator” means any irradiator where the sources are stored or used in a pool of water including panoramic wet-source-storage irradiators and underwater irradiators.
(261)“Portable x-ray equipment” means x-ray equipment designed to be hand-carried.
(262)“Position indicating device” or “PID” means a device on dental x-ray equipment used to indicate the beam position and to establish a definite source-surface distance from the skin.
Note: A position indicating device may or may not incorporate or serve as a beam-limiting device.
(263)“Positive beam limitation” or “PBL” means the automatic or semi-automatic adjustment of an x-ray beam to the size of the selected image receptor, whereby exposures cannot be made without such adjustment.
(264)“Positive pressure respirator” means a respirator in which the pressure inside the respiratory inlet covering exceeds the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.
(264m)“Positron emission tomography/computed tomography” or “PET/CT” means a dual modality imaging assembly comprised of two distinct components, one using radioactive material for imaging and the other using an x-ray source.
(264r)“Positron emission tomography radionuclide production facility” or “PET facility” means a facility operating a cyclotron or accelerator for the purpose of producing PET radionuclides within a consortium for noncommercial distribution among its associated members for medical use.
(265)“Powered air-purifying respirator” or “PAPR” means an air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering.
(266)“Practical examination” means a demonstration through application of the safety rules and principles in industrial radiography including use of all procedures and equipment to be used by radiographic personnel.
(267)“Preceptor” means an individual who provides, directs or verifies training and experience required for an individual to become an authorized user, an authorized medical physicist, an authorized nuclear pharmacist, a radiation safety officer for medical use, or an associate radiation safety officer.
(268)“Prescribed dosage” means the specified activity or a range of activities of a drug containing radioactive material as documented by any of the following means:
(a) In a written directive or prescription.
(b) Under directions of the authorized user for procedures not requiring a written directive.
(269)“Prescribed dose” means any of the following:
(a) For gamma stereotactic radiosurgery, the total dose as documented in the written directive.
(b) For teletherapy, the total dose and dose per fraction as documented in the written directive.
(c) For brachytherapy, either the total source strength and exposure time or the total dose, as documented in the written directive.
(d) For remote afterloaders, the total dose and dose per fraction as documented in the written directive.
(270)“Pressure demand respirator” means a positive pressure atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to the facepiece when the positive pressure is reduced inside the facepiece by inhalation.
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Published under s. 35.93, Stats. Updated on the first day of each month. Entire code is always current. The Register date on each page is the date the chapter was last published.