SB759: Bill Text

The bill adopts the Uniform Powers of Appointment Act. Under the bill, a “power of appointment” means a power that enables a powerholder acting in a nonfiduciary capacity to designate a recipient of an ownership interest in or another power of appointment over the appointive property. A power of appointment is created only if the instrument creating the power governs the disposition of the appointive property and the terms of the instrument manifest the donor’s intention to create in a powerholder a power of appointment over the appointive property exercisable in favor of a permissible appointee. Under the bill, unless the terms of the instrument creating the power of appointment state otherwise, a power of appointment is presumed to be a presently exercisable power of appointment, an exclusionary power of appointment, and a general power of appointment. An “exclusionary power of appointment” means a power of appointment exercisable in favor of one or more permissible appointees to the exclusion of the other permissible appointees. A “general power of appointment” means a power of appointment exercisable in favor of the powerholder, the powerholder’s estate, a creditor of the powerholder, or a creditor of the powerholder’s estate. The bill provides, however, that a power of appointment is presumed to be a nongeneral power of appointment if the power is exercisable only at the powerholder’s death and the permissible appointees of the power are a defined and limited class that does not include the powerholder’s estate, the powerholder’s creditors, or the creditors of the powerholder’s estate.

Under the bill, a power of appointment is exercised only if the instrument exercising the power is valid under law, the terms of the instrument manifest the powerholder’s intent to exercise the power, and the instrument satisfies any requirements of exercise imposed by the donor, if any. If a power of appointment is vested in two or more persons, then the powerholders may only exercise the power of appointment unanimously. Under the bill, a powerholder may exercise their power of appointment by including a residuary clause in the powerholder’s will, or a comparable clause in the powerholder’s revocable trust, if the will or trust instrument manifests intent to do so, the power of appointment is a general power of appointment, there is no gift-in-default clause in the instrument creating the power of appointment, and the powerholder did not previously release the power of appointment.

If the powerholder releases or fails to exercise a general power of appointment, the bill provides that the gift-in-default clause controls the unappointed property or, if there is no gift-in-default clause, the bill provides default rules for how the unappointed property is disposed. A personal representative, trustee, or other fiduciary who holds property subject to a power of appointment may administer the appointive property as if the power of appointment was not exercised if the personal representative, trustee, or other fiduciary has no notice of the existence of any documentation of the powerholder purporting to exercise the power of appointment by will or otherwise within six months after the death of the powerholder.

Classification of digital property as individual property

The bill establishes an exception to Wisconsin’s general marital property law, allowing digital property to be classified as individual property if the property meets certain criteria. Under the bill, an account and the digital property held in an account, including the content of electronic communications such as personal email, that is created and maintained for personal use is classified as individual property, unless either the account or the digital property in the account was not originally created, purchased, or otherwise acquired exclusively for the personal, noneconomic purposes of the account holder, or the account or the digital property in the account has at any time been used for purposes other than the personal, noneconomic purposes of the spouse holding the account. Under the bill, in the event of a sale, exchange, or other disposition, all property received in exchange for that account, or the digital property in the account, is classified as marital property; and, further, income during marriage and after the determination date attributable to the account, or the digital property in the account, is classified as marital property.

Disclosure of digital property

Under current law, a user may use an online tool to direct a custodian of digital property to disclose or not to disclose to a designated recipient some or all of the user’s digital property in certain circumstances. If an online tool allows the user to modify or delete a direction at all times, a direction regarding disclosure using an online tool overrides a contrary direction by the user in a will, trust, power of attorney, or any other governing instrument. If a user has not used an online tool or if the custodian has not provided an online tool, the user may allow or prohibit disclosure to a fiduciary of some or all of the user’s digital property, including the content of electronic communications sent or received by the user, in a will, trust, power of attorney, or any other governing instrument.

The bill provides that a user may allow or prohibit the disclosure to a fiduciary of some or all of the user’s digital property in a consent instrument. A consent instrument is defined as a written notarized document in physical or electronic form evidencing the user’s consent to the disclosure of the contents of electronic communications to a then acting fiduciary. However, a direction regarding disclosure using an online tool overrides a contrary direction by the user in a consent instrument in the same way that an online tool overrides a will, trust, power of attorney, or other governing instrument under current law.

For further information see the state fiscal estimate, which will be printed as an appendix to this bill.

SB759,,4 The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows:

SB759,1 Section 1. 30.541 (3) (d) 1. a. of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,6 30.541 (3) (d) 1. a. Evidence satisfactory to the department of the appointment of a trustee in bankruptcy, of a certification of trust under s. 701.1013 or the appointment of a trustee, or of the issuance of domiciliary letters testamentary or other letters authorizing the administration of a decedent’s estate, letters of guardianship, conservatorship, special administration, or letters of trust.

SB759,2 Section 2. 101.9211 (4) (a) 1. of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,8 101.9211 (4) (a) 1. Evidence satisfactory to the department of the appointment of a trustee in bankruptcy, of a certification of trust under s. 701.1013 or the appointment of a trustee, or of the issuance of domiciliary letters testamentary or other letters authorizing the administration of a decedent’s estate, letters of guardianship, conservatorship, special administration, or letters of trust.

SB759,3 Section 3. 342.17 (4) (a) 1. of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,10 342.17 (4) (a) 1. Evidence satisfactory to the department of the issuance of the letters testamentary or other letters authorizing the administration of an estate, letters of guardianship, or letters of trust, appointment of a trustee in bankruptcy, of a certification of trust under s. 701.1013 or the appointment of a testamentary trustee, or of the appointment of the trustee in bankruptcy issuance of domiciliary letters or other letters authorizing the administration of a decedent’s estate, guardianship, conservatorship, special administration, or trust;

SB759,4 Section 4. 700.16 (1) (c) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,12 700.16 (1) (c) If a future interest or trust is created by exercise of a power of appointment, the permissible period is computed from the time the power of appointment is exercised if the power of appointment is a general power of appointment, as defined in s. 702.02 (5) 702.102 (7), even if the general power of appointment is exercisable only by will. In the case of other powers of appointment the permissible period is computed from the time the power of appointment is created but facts at the time the power of appointment is exercised are considered in determining whether the power of alienation is suspended beyond a life or lives in being at the time of creation of the power of appointment plus 30 years.

SB759,5 Section 5. 700.27 (1) (d) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,14 700.27 (1) (d) “Power of appointment” has the meaning given in s. 702.02 (6) 702.102 (14).

SB759,6 Section 6. 701.0102 (12m) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,16 701.0102 (12m) An account that is part of a qualified ABLE program under section 529A (b) of the Internal Revenue Code.

SB759,7 Section 7. 701.0103 (1m) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,18 701.0103 (1m) “Animal protector” means a person appointed in an animal trust to enforce the trust on behalf of the animal or, if no such person is appointed in the trust, a person appointed by the court for that purpose.

SB759,8 Section 8. 701.0103 (1n) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,20 701.0103 (1n) “Animal trust” means a trust or an interest in a trust created to provide for the care of one or more animals.

SB759,9 Section 9. 701.0103 (3) (c) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,22 701.0103 (3) (c) Is an identified charitable organization that will or may receive distributions under the terms of the trust.

SB759,10 Section 10. 701.0103 (3m) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,24 701.0103 (3m) “Broad limited power of appointment” has the meaning given in s. 702.102 (4).

SB759,11 Section 11. 701.0103 (3r) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,26 701.0103 (3r) “Charitable interest” means an interest in a trust that satisfies any of the following:

SB759,,27 (a) It is held by an identified charitable organization and makes the organization a qualified beneficiary.

SB759,,28 (b) It benefits only charitable organizations and, if the interest were held by an identified charitable organization, would make the organization a qualified beneficiary.

SB759,,29 (c) It is held solely for charitable purposes and, if the interest were held by an identified charitable organization, would make the organization a qualified beneficiary.

SB759,12 Section 12. 701.0103 (3u) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,31 701.0103 (3u) “Charitable organization” means any of the following:

SB759,,32 (a) A person, other than an individual, organized and operated exclusively for charitable purposes.

SB759,,33 (b) A government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, to the extent it holds funds exclusively for a charitable purpose.

SB759,13 Section 13. 701.0103 (3x) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,35 701.0103 (3x) “Charitable purpose” means the relief of poverty, the advancement of education or religion, the promotion of health, a municipal or other governmental purpose, or another purpose the achievement of which is beneficial to the community.

SB759,14 Section 14. 701.0103 (4) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,37 701.0103 (4) “Charitable trust” means a trust, or portion of a trust, created for a charitable purpose described in s. 701.0405 (1). This subsection does not apply in s. 701.1201.

SB759,15 Section 15. 701.0103 (5g) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,39 701.0103 (5g) “Court” means the court that is identified in s. 701.0203 (1).

SB759,16 Section 16. 701.0103 (5w) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,41 701.0103 (5w) “Current beneficiary” means a beneficiary that on the date the beneficiary’s qualification is determined is a distributee or permissible distributee of trust income or principal or is the holder of a presently exercisable general power of appointment.

SB759,17 Section 17. 701.0103 (9) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,43 701.0103 (9) “General power of appointment” has the meaning given in s. 702.02 (5) 702.102 (7).

SB759,18 Section 18. 701.0103 (11p) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,45 701.0103 (11p) “Identified charitable organization” means a charitable organization that is expressly designated to receive distributions under the terms of a charitable trust and that is not subject to a right of substitution by the settlor or by any other party prior to the charitable organization becoming a current beneficiary.

SB759,19 Section 19. 701.0103 (15m) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,47 701.0103 (15m) “Issue” has the meaning given in s. 851.13.

SB759,20 Section 20. 701.0103 (18) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,49 701.0103 (18) “Power of appointment” has the meaning given in s. 702.02 (6) 702.102 (14).

SB759,21 Section 21. 701.0103 (19m) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,51 701.0103 (19m) “Powerholder” has the meaning given in s. 702.102 (15).

SB759,22 Section 22. 701.0103 (19r) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,53 701.0103 (19r) “Presently exercisable power of appointment” has the meaning given in s. 702.102 (16).

SB759,23 Section 23. 701.0103 (19v) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,55 701.0103 (19v) “Presumptive remainder beneficiary” means, without considering the existence or exercise of a power of appointment, other than a power of appointment that has been irrevocably exercised and notice of the exercise has been given to the trustee, a beneficiary that on the date the beneficiary’s qualification is determined, would be any of the following:

SB759,,56 (a) A distributee or permissible distributee of trust income or principal if the interests of any current beneficiary terminated on that date without causing the trust to terminate.

SB759,,57 (b) A distributee or permissible distributee of trust income or principal if the trust terminated on that date.

SB759,,58 (c) If the terms of the trust do not provide for its termination, a distributee or permissible distributee of income or principal of the trust if all the current beneficiaries of the trust were deceased or no longer exist.

SB759,24 Section 24. 701.0103 (21) (intro.) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,60 701.0103 (21) (intro.) “Qualified beneficiary” means a beneficiary who that, on the date on which the beneficiary’s qualification is determined, satisfies is any of the following:

SB759,25 Section 25. 701.0103 (21) (a) and (b) of the statutes are repealed and recreated to read:

SB759,,62 701.0103 (21) (a) A current beneficiary.

SB759,,63 (b) A presumptive remainder beneficiary.

SB759,26 Section 26. 701.0103 (21m) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,65 701.0103 (21m) “Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

SB759,27 Section 27. 701.0103 (23) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,67 701.0103 (23) “Settlor” Except as otherwise provided in ss. 701.0113 and 701.1325, “settlor” means a person, including a testator, who creates or contributes property to a trust. If more than one person creates or contributes property to a trust, each person is a settlor of the portion of the trust property attributable to that person’s contribution except to the extent another person has the power to revoke the trust or withdraw that portion.

SB759,28 Section 28. 701.0103 (23m) of the statutes is created to read:

SB759,,69 701.0103 (23m) “Sign” means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record, to do any of the following:

SB759,,70 (a) Execute or adopt a tangible symbol.

SB759,,71 (b) Attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound, or process.

SB759,29 Section 29. 701.0103 (24) of the statutes is renumbered 701.0103 (16m) and amended to read:

SB759,,73 701.0103 (16m) “Special “Nongeneral power of appointment” has the meaning given in s. 702.02 (7) 702.102 (11).

SB759,30 Section 30. 701.0103 (27) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,75 701.0103 (27) “Terms of a trust” means the manifestation of the settlor’s intent regarding a trust’s provisions as expressed in the trust instrument or, as may be established by other evidence that would be admissible in a judicial proceeding, or as may be established by court order or nonjudicial settlement agreement.

SB759,31 Section 31. 701.0103 (30) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,77 701.0103 (30) “Trust instrument” means an instrument, including any amendments or modifications to the instrument under s. 701.0111 or subch. IV, that is executed a record signed by the settlor that contains terms of to create a trust or is created under a statute, judgment, or decree that orders property to be transferred to a trustee to be administered for the benefit of a beneficiary, or by any person to create a 2nd trust as provided under subch. XIII, that contains some or all of the terms of the trust, and includes any amendments or modifications.

SB759,32 Section 32. 701.0109 (title) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,79 701.0109 (title) Methods and waiver of notice; waiver.

SB759,33 Section 33. 701.0109 (3) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB759,,81 701.0109 (3) Notice under this chapter or, the sending of a document, or the right to object granted under this chapter may be waived by the person to be notified or, sent the document, or who has the right to object.

SB759,34 Section 34. 701.0109 (5) of the statutes is created to read: