The bill creates a new annual GPR appropriation to DWD for the purpose of enforcement of laws related to wages, hours, and working conditions of migrant workers, the certification, maintenance, and inspection of migrant labor camps, and the recruitment and hiring of migrant workers.
ENVIRONMENT
Water quality
PFAS standards
The bill requires DNR to establish and enforce various standards for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The PFAS group of substances includes several thousand chemicals; two of the most well known are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS).
The bill requires DNR to establish, by rule, acceptable levels and standards, monitoring requirements, and required response actions for any PFAS in drinking water, groundwater, surface water, air, solid waste, beds of navigable waters, and soil and sediment, if DNR determines that the substance may be harmful to human health or the environment. These rules must cover, at a minimum, PFOA and PFOS, as well as perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS).
The bill also requires DNR to establish air emission standards for PFAS to provide adequate protection for public health and welfare, taking into account energy, economic, and environmental impacts and other costs related to the emission source.
Under current law, DNR maintains a list of substances that have a reasonable probability of entering the groundwater resources of the state and that are shown to involve public health concerns. Under the bill, DNR is required to add to this list PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, PFBS, and all other PFAS that have a reasonable probability of entering the groundwater resources of the state and that are shown to involve public health concerns. Under current law, DHS recommends enforcement standards for substances on this list, which DNR then proposes as DNR rules in its rule-making process. Until DNR establishes such rules, the bill requires DNR to apply any DHS-recommended groundwater enforcement standard for any PFAS as an interim standard for groundwater and as an interim maximum containment level for drinking water.
The bill also provides that DNR may, if it determines doing so is necessary to protect human health or the environment, require a person who possesses or controls PFAS to provide proof of financial responsibility for remediation and long-term care to address contamination by a potential discharge of PFAS or environmental pollution that may be caused by a discharge of PFAS.
In addition, the bill requires DNR to set criteria for certifying laboratories to test for PFAS, and to certify laboratories that meet these criteria. Before these criteria are set, the bill allows DNR to require testing for PFAS to be done according to nationally recognized standards.
Finally, the bill requires a person who generates solid or hazardous waste at a site or facility under investigation by DNR to provide DNR with access to information relating to any transportation to or treatment, storage, or disposal at another site, facility, or location.
PFAS municipal grant program
The bill creates a municipal grant program, administered by DNR, to address PFAS. Under the program, DNR must provide grants to cities, towns, villages, counties, tribal governments, utility districts, lake protections districts, sewerage districts, and municipal airports (municipalities). DNR may award a grant only if the applicant tested or trained with a PFAS-containing fire fighting foam in accordance with applicable state and federal law, or a third party tested or trained with PFAS-containing fire fighting foam within the boundaries of the municipality; the applicant applied biosolids to land under a water pollution permit issued by DNR; or PFAS are impacting the applicant’s drinking water supply or surface water or groundwater within the municipality and the responsible party is unknown or is unwilling or unable to take the necessary response actions.
Under the bill, grants provided under this program may be used to investigate potential PFAS impacts in order to reduce or eliminate environmental contamination; treat or dispose of PFAS-containing fire fighting foam containers; sample a private water supply within three miles of a site or facility known to contain PFAS or to have caused a PFAS discharge; provide a temporary emergency water supply, a water treatment system, or bulk water to replace water contaminated with PFAS; conduct emergency, interim, or remedial actions to mitigate, treat, dispose of, or remove PFAS contamination; remove or treat PFAS in public water systems in areas where PFAS levels exceed the maximum contaminant level for PFAS in drinking water or an enforcement standard for PFAS groundwater or in areas where the state has issued a health advisory for PFAS; or sample and test water in schools and daycares for PFAS contamination.
An applicant that receives a grant under this program must contribute matching funds equal to at least 20 percent of the amount of the grant. The applicant must apply for a grant on a form prescribed by DNR and must include any information that DNR finds is necessary to determine the eligibility of the project, identify the funding requested, determine the priority of the project, and calculate the amount of a grant. In awarding grants under this program, DNR must consider the applicant’s demonstrated commitment to performing and completing eligible activities, including the applicant’s financial commitment and ability to successfully administer grants; the degree to which the project will have a positive impact on public health and the environment; and any other criteria that DNR finds necessary to prioritize the funds available for awarding grants.
PFAS-containing fire fighting foam appropriation
Current law establishes a continuing appropriation from the environmental fund for the collection of PFAS-containing fire fighting foam. The bill allows this appropriation to also be used to provide assistance to local fire departments in replacing PFAS-containing fire fighting foam with PFAS-free fire fighting foam.
Lead service line replacement
The bill creates a continuing appropriation from the general fund to the environmental improvement program for projects involving forgivable loans to private users of public water systems to replace lead service lines.
Under current law, DOA and DNR administer the safe drinking water loan program (SDWLP), which provides financial assistance from the environmental improvement program to local governmental units and to the private owners of community water systems that serve local governmental units for projects for the planning, designing, construction, or modification of public water systems. DNR establishes a funding list for SDWLP projects and DOA allocates funding for those projects.
Well compensation grant program
The bill makes changes to the well compensation grant program currently administered by DNR.
Under current law, an individual owner or renter of a contaminated private well may apply for a grant from DNR to cover a portion of the costs to treat the water, reconstruct the well, construct a new well, connect to a public water supply, or fill and seal the well. To be eligible for a grant, the well owner’s or renter’s annual family income may not exceed $65,000. A grant awarded under the program may not cover any portion of a project’s eligible costs in excess of $16,000 and, of those costs, may not exceed 75 percent of a project’s eligible costs, meaning that a grant may not exceed $12,000. In addition, if the well owner’s or renter’s annual family income exceeds $45,000, the amount of the award is reduced by 30 percent of the amount by which the annual family income exceeds $45,000.
The bill increases the family income limit to $100,000. In addition, under the bill, a well owner or renter whose family income is below the state’s median income may receive a grant of up to 100 percent of a project’s eligible costs, not to exceed $16,000. The bill also eliminates the requirement to reduce an award by 30 percent if the well owner’s or renter’s family income exceeds $45,000.
The bill also expands the grant program to allow an owner or renter of a transient noncommunity water supply to apply for a grant. A “transient noncommunity water supply” is defined in the bill as a water system that serves at least 25 persons at least 60 days of the year but that does not regularly serve at least 25 of the same persons over six months per year.
Under current law, a well that is contaminated only by nitrates is eligible for a grant only if the well is a water supply for livestock, is used at least three months in each year, and contains nitrates in excess of 40 parts per million. The bill eliminates these restrictions for claims based on nitrates, and instead allows grants to be issued for wells based on contamination by at least 10 parts per million of nitrate nitrogen. The bill also allows grants to be issued for wells contaminated by at least 10 parts per billion of arsenic, or by a perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance in an amount that exceeds any applicable health advisory or standard for that substance.
Under current law, DNR must issue grants in the order in which completed claims are received. Under the bill, if there are insufficient funds to pay claims, DNR may, for claims based on nitrate contamination, prioritize claims that are based on higher levels of nitrate contamination.
Requiring notification of water-related permit violations
Under the bill, if DNR finds that the holder of a Wisconsin Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (WPDES) permit has violated a limitation under the permit that is based on a groundwater standard, DNR must notify the county health department and county land and conservation department in the county in which the permit holder is located and the county health department and county land and conservation department in any adjacent county that DNR determines may be negatively affected by the violation. The bill requires DNR to provide these notices within seven business days after confirming that a violation has occurred. The bill also allows DNR to establish, by rule, procedures for providing the required notice. Finally, the bill requires DNR to create and maintain a notification system for notifying county health departments, county land and conservation departments, and interested parties of the violations but requires that the notification system ensure that county health departments and county land and conservation departments are notified of a violation at least 24 hours before anyone else is notified.
Concentrated animal feeding operations
Under current law, a person who operates a concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) must have a WPDES permit from DNR. A CAFO is a livestock operation that contains at least 1,000 animal units, that discharges pollutants into a navigable water, or that contaminates a well. Current law requires a CAFO operator with a WPDES permit to pay an annual fee of $345 to DNR. The bill increases the amount of this annual fee to $545.
Well construction notification fee
Under current law, no person may construct a high capacity well, which is a well with a capacity of more than 100,000 gallons per day, without prior approval of DNR and payment of a $500 fee. Prior to construction of a well that is not a high capacity well, the owner of the property where the well is to be constructed must notify DNR and pay a fee of $50. The bill increases the notification fee to $70.
Well construction variances application fee
Under current law, DNR regulates groundwater withdrawal. Administrative rules promulgated by DNR establish requirements for the construction of wells and provide that a person may request a variance from those rules if strict compliance with the requirements is not feasible. DNR may determine whether a variance is justified and may condition the issuance of a variance on additional construction features to safeguard groundwater. The bill requires DNR to collect a $100 fee from a person requesting a well construction variance.
Ballast water discharge
Under current law, DNR may issue a general permit authorizing a vessel that is 79 feet or greater in length to discharge ballast water into the waters of this state. DNR may charge an application fee of $1,200 and a $345 annual fee for the permit. DNR must use collected fees to administer the permit program.
The bill repeals these provisions and provides that the owner or operator of any commercial vessel subject to the requirements of the federal Vessel Incidental Discharge Act that has operated outside this state must pay DNR $650 per arrival to a port of this state. Under the bill, the owner or operator of a commercial vessel subject to these requirements, including a vessel engaged in coastwise trade, may not be required to pay more than $3,250 in fees per calendar year. DNR must use collected fees for management, administration, inspection, monitoring, and enforcement activities relating to incidental discharges, including ballast water discharges.
Under current law, an employee or agent of DNR may board and inspect any vessel that is subject to requirements relating to environmental protection requirements for tank vessels or open burning on commercial vessels to determine compliance with those requirements.
The bill provides that DNR may enter into a memorandum of agreement with the U.S. Coast Guard authorizing an employee or agent of DNR to board and inspect any vessel that is subject to the requirements under the bill to determine compliance with the federal Vessel Incidental Discharge Act.
Hazardous substances and environmental cleanup
Dry cleaner response program and revitalize Wisconsin program
The bill eliminates the existing dry cleaner environmental response program and its associated fund and council and creates the revitalize Wisconsin program, which is administered by DNR.
The revitalize Wisconsin program created under the bill provides aid, in the form of grants or direct services to local governments, dry cleaners, and private parties, to address the discharge of a hazardous substance or the existence of environmental pollution on the government’s or person’s property. Aid may be provided for sites for which the site’s owner or operator applied for assistance under the dry cleaner environmental response program before its repeal; brownfields; sites that are exempt from the state’s hazardous substance remediation laws (often called the “spill law”); and sites that are subject to the spill law but that are owned by private parties. The bill defines “private party” to include a bank, trust company, savings bank, or credit union; a developer; a nongovernmental organization; and an innocent landowner. The bill defines an “innocent landowner” as a property owner that either 1) acquired the property prior to November 1, 2006, has continuously owned the property since the date of acquisition, and can demonstrate, through documentation, that the discharge or environmental pollution being addressed was caused by another person and that the property owner did not know and had no reason to know of the discharge or pollution when the owner acquired the property; or 2) acquired the property on or after November 1, 2006, meets all of the previously stated requirements, and can demonstrate, through documentation, that the property owner conducted all appropriate inquiries in compliance with the federal All Appropriate Inquiries rule under 40 CFR part 312 prior to acquiring the property. The bill provides that DNR may not award aid to an applicant under the revitalize Wisconsin program if the applicant caused the discharge or environmental pollution unless the applicant is a dry cleaner that applied for assistance under the dry cleaner environmental response program before its repeal. The bill also provides that DNR may require an applicant to provide a match, either in cash or in-kind, for any aid that is awarded under the program.
Activities for which aid may be provided under the program include removing hazardous substances from contaminated media such as surface waters, groundwater, or soil; investigating and assessing the discharge or environmental pollution; removing abandoned containers; asbestos abatement; and restoring or replacing a private potable water supply.
The bill also allows DNR to inspect any document in the possession of an applicant or any other person if the document is relevant to an application for financial assistance under the program.
Ban on coal tar-based sealants
The bill prohibits the sale of coal tar-based sealant products and high PAH sealant products (products with more than 0.1 percent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by weight) beginning January 1, 2024, and prohibits the use of such products beginning July 1, 2024. A person who violates these prohibitions is subject to the same penalty that applies under current law to other general environmental provisions, which is a forfeiture of between $10 and $5,000 for each violation.
Mining
Nonmetallic mining appropriation
Under current law, fees relating to nonmetallic mining are deposited into the segregated environmental fund, to be used for environmental management activities. The bill instead directs that all moneys received from nonmetallic mining fees are to be used for the administration and enforcement of the state’s nonmetallic mining regulations.
General environment
Municipal flood control aid
The bill requires DNR to award, from the amounts appropriated to DNR to provide assistance for municipal flood control, $1,000,000 in grants in each fiscal year of the 2023-25 fiscal biennium for the preparation of flood insurance studies and other flood mapping projects.
Stormwater appropriation
Under current law, a person may need to obtain a permit from DNR to discharge storm water. Current law appropriates money annually from the general fund for the administration of the storm water discharge permit program. Storm water permit fees collected by DNR are credited to the storm water permit appropriation.
The bill changes the storm water permit appropriation from an annual appropriation to a continuing appropriation. An annual appropriation is expendable only up to the amount shown in the schedule and only for the fiscal year for which made. A continuing appropriation is expendable until fully depleted or repealed.
Bonding for urban storm water, flood control, and riparian restoration
Under current law, the state may contract up to $61,600,000 in public debt to provide financial assistance for projects that manage urban storm water and runoff and for flood control and riparian restoration projects. The bill increases the bonding authority for these projects by $11,000,000.
Environmental improvement fund revenue bonding limit
Current law authorizes the issuance of revenue bonds for the clean water fund program and the safe drinking water loan program under the environmental improvement fund, but limits the principal amount of those revenue bonds to $2,551,400,000. The bill increases that limit by $372,000,000, to $2,923,400,000.
Bonding for nonpoint source water pollution abatement
Under current law, the state may contract up to $57,050,000 in public debt to provide financial assistance for projects that control pollution that comes from diffuse sources rather than a single concentrated discharge source in areas that qualify as high priority due to water quality problems. The bill increases the bonding authority for these projects by $10,000,000.
Bonding for Great Lakes contaminated sediment removal
Under current law, the state may contract up to $40,000,000 in public debt to provide financial assistance for projects to remove contaminated sediment from Lake Michigan or Lake Superior, or a tributary of Lake Michigan or Lake Superior, if DNR has identified the body of water as being impaired by the sediment. The bill increases the bonding authority for sediment removal projects by $15,000,000.
Water resources account lapse
The bill lapses, to the conservation fund in fiscal year 2023-24, $350,000 from the DNR appropriation for river management activities for habitat and recreational projects and for environmental and resource management studies on the Mississippi and lower St. Croix Rivers.
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Assistance
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Under current law, DCF allocates specific amounts of federal moneys, including child care development funds and moneys received under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant program for various public assistance programs. Under the bill, TANF funding allocations are changed in the following ways, as compared to the funding allocation in the 2021-23 fiscal biennium:
1. For Wisconsin Works benefits, total funding is decreased by 10 percent.
2. For the Families and Schools Together program, total funding is maintained at $250,000, but an additional $250,000 is available if the grant recipient provides matching funds.
3. For homeless case management services grants, total funding is doubled.
4. For state administration of public assistance programs and overpayment collections, total funding is increased by 12 percent.
5. For grants to Wisconsin Trust Account Foundation, Inc., for distribution to programs that provide civil legal services to low-income families, total funding is doubled.
6. For the Transform Milwaukee and Transitional Jobs programs, total funding is increased by 18 percent.
7. For Jobs for America’s Graduates, total funding is doubled.
8. For child care state administration and licensing activities, total funding is increased by 10 percent.
9. For child care quality improvement activities, total funding is tripled.
10. For payments to support the dependent children of recipients of supplemental security income, total funding is decreased by 32 percent.
11. For kinship care payments, total funding is increased by 62 percent.
12. For safety and out-of-home placement services, total funding is decreased by 39 percent.
13. For grants to the Boys and Girls Clubs of America, total funding is increased by a multiple of 12.
14. For the earned income tax credit supplement, total funding is increased by 69 percent.
15. The funding for the offender reentry demonstration project is eliminated, and the deadline for the project evaluation is extended to June 30, 2024. This was a five-year project ending in fiscal year 2022-23.
16. For all other programs under TANF, funding is continued with a funding change of less than 5 percent.
