Municipality construction, ownership, or operation of broadband facilities
Current law prohibits, with several exceptions, a municipality from constructing, owning, or operating a facility for providing video service, telecommunications service, or broadband service to the public unless 1) the municipality holds a public hearing on the proposed action, 2) notice of the public hearing is given, and 3) the municipality prepares and makes available for public inspection a report estimating the total costs of, and revenues derived from, constructing, owning, or operating the facility for a period of at least three years. The bill eliminates the requirement that a municipality prepare and make available for public inspection that report if the facility is a broadband facility intended to serve an area designated as unserved by PSC.
Currently, under one of the exceptions, the public hearing and cost report do not apply to a facility for providing broadband service if 1) the municipality offers use of the facility on a nondiscriminatory basis to persons who provide broadband service to end users of the service, 2) the municipality itself does not use the facility to provide broadband service to end users, and 3) the municipality determines that, at the time of authorization, the facility does not compete with more than one provider of broadband service. The bill eliminates the requirements under items 2 and 3 for facilities that are intended to serve an unserved area. As a result, a municipality is not required to hold a public hearing or prepare a report for a broadband facility intended to serve an unserved area if the municipality offers use of the facility on a nondiscriminatory basis to persons who provide broadband service.
Currently, under another of the exceptions, the public hearing and cost report do not apply to a facility for providing broadband service to an area within the boundaries of a municipality if the municipality asks, in writing, each person that provides broadband service within the boundaries of the municipality whether the person currently provides broadband service to the area or intends to provide broadband service to the area within nine months and 1) the municipality does not receive an affirmative response within 60 days, 2) the municipality determines that a person who responded does not currently provide broadband service to the area, and no other person makes the response to the municipality, or 3) the municipality determines that a person who responded that the person intended to provide broadband service to the area within nine months did not actually provide the service within nine months and no other person makes the response to the municipality.
Under the bill, for this exception in the case of an unserved area, rather than asking whether a person plans to provide broadband service to the area within nine months, the municipality must ask whether the person intends or actively plans to provide broadband service to the area within three months.
Broadband line extension grants
The bill requires PSC to make grants to residents of properties that are not served by a broadband service provider to assist in paying the customer costs associated with line extension necessary to connect broadband service to the properties. The maximum size of a broadband line extension grant is $4,000. The bill also requires PSC to give priority to primary residences and to establish other criteria for awarding the grants.
Digital equity program
The bill requires PSC to administer a digital equity program under which it may provide outreach and assistance to promote digital equity, coordinate the administration of federal and state digital equity funding, provide digital navigation services, and implement digital inclusion activities. Under the bill, “digital equity” means all individuals and communities have the information technology capacity needed to fully participate in society. The bill allows PSC to use moneys in the universal service fund to administer the digital equity program.
Energy
Electric utility integrated resource plans
The bill requires investor-owned and municipal electric utilities to file integrated resource plans with PSC. An integrated resource plan must describe the resources an electric utility could use to meet the service needs of its customers over the next 5-year, 10-year, and 15-year periods, and must contain certain other information, including forecasts of electricity demand under various reasonable scenarios and plans and projected costs for meeting that electricity demand. PSC must establish requirements for the contents and filing of the plans, and PSC must approve, reject, or modify an electric utility’s integrated resource plan consistent with the public interest. The bill also requires PSC to review the integrated resource plans filed by electric utilities to inform its biennial strategic energy assessment. Under current law, the strategic energy assessment evaluates the adequacy and reliability of the state’s current and future energy supply.
Securitization of retiring power plants
Under current law, an energy utility is allowed to apply to PSC for an order allowing the utility to finance the costs of the following activities by issuing bonds: 1) the construction, installation, or otherwise putting into place of environmental control equipment in connection with a plant that, before March 30, 2004, has been used to provide service to customers and 2) the retiring of any existing plant, facility, or other property to reduce, control, or eliminate environmental pollution in accordance with federal or state law. Current law defines these activities as “environmental control activities.” If approved by PSC, the bonds, which are referred to as “environmental trust bonds,” are secured by revenues arising from charges paid by an energy utility’s customers for the utility to recover the cost of the activities, as well as the cost of financing the bonds.
The bill adds the retiring of any existing electric generating facility fueled by nonrenewable combustible energy resources as an environmental control activity, the costs of which may be financed by an environmental trust bond.
Residential and commercial energy improvements
The bill allows PSC to authorize a public utility to finance energy improvements at a specific dwelling for a residential or commercial customer. Under the bill, a public utility may recover the costs of such an energy improvement through a surcharge periodically placed on the customer’s account. The bill requires PSC to promulgate administrative rules establishing requirements for this financing, which must include that the surcharge is assigned to a location, not to an individual customer; that energy improvements are eligible for financing only if they are estimated to save an amount that exceeds the surcharge; and that the financing offered may not increase a customer’s risk or debt.
Equity-focused intervenor compensation
The bill requires PSC to reserve $50,000 annually to compensate equity-focused participants in PSC proceedings who review economic and environmental issues affecting low-income populations. Current law authorizes PSC to compensate certain participants in proceedings who provide significant contributions to the record.
Focus on Energy
Current law requires investor-owned electric and natural gas utilities to fund statewide energy efficiency and renewable resources programs, known as Focus on Energy, with 1.2 percent of their annual operating revenues from retail sales. The bill increases the amount utilities must spend to 2.4 percent of their annual operating revenues from retail sales. The bill also expands the definition of “energy efficiency program” to include a program that deploys electric technologies to meet energy needs currently served by other fuels in order to 1) reduce the usage of energy, increase the efficiency of usage of energy on a fuel-neutral basis, or reduce adverse environmental impacts, including carbon dioxide emissions and 2) reduce costs for electric public utilities and retail electric cooperatives or their customers or members.
Social cost of carbon
The bill requires PSC to consider the social cost of carbon in determining whether to issue certificates required to construct large electric generating facilities or high-voltage transmission lines or to engage in certain other public utility projects. The bill defines “social cost of carbon” as a measure of the economic harms and other impacts expressed in dollars that result from emitting one ton of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The bill requires PSC to evaluate and set the social cost of carbon emissions as a dollar amount per ton of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. The bill requires PSC to evaluate and adjust as necessary that dollar amount every two years. In making the evaluations, PSC must use integrated assessment models and consider appropriate discount rates. The bill requires any adjustment by PSC to be consistent with the international consensus on the social cost of carbon. The bill requires PSC to consult with DNR in making the evaluations.
The bill also requires that, beginning no later than December 31, 2023, PSC must submit a report every odd-numbered year to the legislature describing PSC’s evaluation of the social cost of carbon. If PSC adjusts the previously set dollar amount, the report must specify the social cost of carbon as adjusted by PSC.
Recovery of cost of low-income assistance programs
Under current law, a public utility must charge rates that are just and reasonable. The bill provides that it is not unreasonable or unjustly discriminatory for a public utility to implement low-income assistance programs if approved in a rate case in which PSC reviewed the program eligibility criteria and program credits or rebates and if that cost is incorporated in the public utility’s published schedules or tariffs.
Penalties for gas pipeline safety violations
The bill increases the maximum penalties for persons who fail to operate and maintain gas production, transmission, and distribution facilities in a reasonably adequate and safe manner. Current law requires gas production, transmission, and distribution facilities to be operated and maintained in a reasonably adequate and safe manner and authorizes PSC to issue orders and rules to promote safety of those facilities. Under current law, a person who violates one of these PSC orders or rules or fails to operate and maintain gas production, transmission, and distribution facilities in a reasonably adequate and safe manner is subject to a forfeiture of up $25,000 per day and a total forfeiture of up to $500,000 for a single persisting violation. Under the bill, a violator is subject to a forfeiture of up to $200,000 per day and a total forfeiture of up to $2,000,000 for a single persisting violation.
High-voltage transmission line fees
The bill requires PSC to administer annual impact and onetime environmental impact fees paid under current law by persons authorized by PSC to operate high-voltage transmission lines. Under current law, DOA administers the fees.
Water and sewer
Remove size limit on grants for lead service line replacement
The bill allows water public utilities to make grants that cover the full cost of replacing lead-containing customer-side water service lines. Under current law, water public utilities may, after applying to and receiving approval from PSC, make grants and loans to property owners to assist replacement of customer-side water service lines containing lead. Current law prohibits PSC from approving a water public utility’s application to provide these grants unless grants are limited to no more than one-half of the total cost of replacing lead-containing customer-side water service lines.
RETIREMENT AND GROUP INSURANCE
Benefits for domestic partners
2017 Wisconsin Act 59, the 2017-19 biennial budget act, repealed certain benefits provided to domestic partners of public employees who receive benefits through the Wisconsin Retirement System (WRS), the Group Insurance Board (GIB), and the Deferred Compensation Program. The bill reestablishes those benefits. Specifically, Act 59 did all of the following: 1) for purposes of WRS, limited domestic partners to only those individuals who submitted an affidavit of domestic partnership to ETF before January 1, 2018; 2) prohibited GIB from covering an eligible employee’s domestic partner or stepchild under a domestic partnership in a group health insurance plan offered by GIB; 3) eliminated the option for a surviving domestic partner to purchase health insurance coverage under a group health insurance plan offered by GIB; and 4) for deaths occurring on or after January 1, 2018, provided that a surviving domestic partner is not a default beneficiary for purposes of a deferred compensation plan and is not eligible to receive duty disability survivorship benefits. The bill reverses, prospectively, those changes to those benefits.
WRS annuitants returning to work
Under current law, if a WRS annuitant, or a disability annuitant who has attained his or her normal retirement date, is appointed to a position with a WRS-participating employer or provides employee services to a WRS-participating employer in which he or she is expected to work at least two-thirds of what is considered full-time employment by ETF, the annuity must be suspended and no annuity payment is payable until after the participant again terminates covered employment.
The bill removes the requirement that an annuitant suspend his or her annuity and instead allows an annuitant to elect to suspend the annuity and again become a participating employee or elect to not suspend his or her annuity and not become a participating employee. In other words, the bill allows an annuitant who returns to work for a participating employer but elects not to become a participating employee for purposes of the WRS to continue to receive his or her annuity.
Under current law, a WRS participant who has applied to receive a retirement annuity must wait at least 75 days between terminating covered employment with a WRS employer and returning to covered employment again as a participating employee. The bill reduces that period to 30 days.
Waiting period for state employees
Under current law, most state employees, other than limited-term employees, may become covered under the state group health insurance plan on the first day of the first month after becoming employed with the state by filing an election within 30 days of being hired. However, most state employees are ineligible for an employer contribution towards the premiums for the health insurance for the first three months of employment. The bill changes the date to the first day of the second month for most state employees other than limited-term appointments hired on or after the effective date of the bill.
Income continuation insurance
Under current law, GIB must offer employees group income continuation insurance (ICI) coverage that pays for lost earnings as a result of injury or illness with separate provisions for short-term insurance with a benefit duration of no more than one year and long-term insurance covering injury or illness of indefinite duration.
The bill transfers oversight of the group ICI plan to the Employee Trust Funds Board (ETFB). The bill also provides that, as of January 1, 2025, ETFB must provide a group ICI plan, but ETFB is not required to provide separate short-term and long-term insurance or a particular benefit duration.
Under current law, an employee is eligible for benefits under the group ICI plan only after exhausting accumulated sick leave not to exceed 130 days. The bill eliminates that requirement and instead allows an employee to select among waiting periods determined by ETFB.
Employer and employee share of ICI premium payments
The bill changes how the employer and employee shares of premium payments for ICI are determined. Under current law, the employer pays part of an employee’s ICI premium, and the employee pays the remainder. The employer’s share is a certain percentage of the total premium cost that increases as an employee accumulates unused sick leave. For certain employees subject to collective bargaining agreements and for faculty and staff of the UW System, the employer and employee shares may be different from the prescribed formula that is based on the employee’s accumulation of sick leave.
Under the bill, beginning January 1, 2025, for all employees, including UW System faculty and staff, unless a collective bargaining agreement provides otherwise, the employer pays the premium for the longest waiting period available to the employee under the ICI contract. If an employee elects a shorter waiting period, the employee pays the difference in premium amounts between the longest waiting period and the waiting period selected by the employee.
Group long-term disability insurance plan
Under current law, ETFB may determine that GIB must establish a group insurance plan to provide certain disability annuity or death benefits. Under this authority, GIB currently oversees a group long-term disability insurance (LTDI) plan. The bill provides explicit statutory authority for ETFB to establish the LTDI plan and transfers oversight of the LTDI plan from GIB to ETFB.
Internal auditor
The bill creates an Office of Internal Audit attached to ETF. Under the bill, the office plans and conducts audits of activities and programs administered by ETF, among other responsibilities, while following policies, principles, and directives established by ETFB.
The bill requires the ETF board to appoint an internal auditor and internal audit staff within the classified service who report directly to the board. Currently, the internal auditor for ETF reports to the secretary of employee trust funds, and internal audit staff report to the internal auditor.
Trust funds earnings allocations
Under current law, investment gains and losses of the core and variable retirement investment trust funds are distributed in a ratio of each participating account’s average daily balance to the total average daily balance of all participating accounts. The State of Wisconsin Investment Board (SWIB) invests assets of the core and variable investment trust funds, which are commingled under current law, but all activity is not recorded on a daily basis for the separate participating accounts. SWIB provides certified annual earnings reports for the core and variable trust funds.
The bill provides that ETF must distribute the earnings to each participating account by calculating a simple average balance, which uses beginning and end-of-year balances for each participating account, and comparing that average balance to the total average balance of all participating accounts.
2025-27 budget request for pension administration system
The bill requires ETF to include in its 2025-27 biennial budget request a request for funding for modernization of ETF’s pension administration system.
SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
Advanced practice registered nurses
Licensure of advanced practice registered nurses
Under current law, a person who wishes to practice professional nursing must be licensed by the Board of Nursing as a registered nurse (RN). The bill creates an additional system of licensure for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), to be administered by the board. Under the bill, in order to apply for an APRN license, a person must 1) hold an RN license; 2) have completed an accredited graduate-level or postgraduate-level education program preparing the person to practice as an APRN in one of four recognized roles and hold a current national certification approved by the board; 3) possess malpractice liability insurance as provided in the bill; 4) pay a fee determined by DSPS; and 5) satisfy certain other criteria specified in the bill. The bill also allows a person who has not completed an accredited education program described above to receive an APRN license if the person 1) on January 1, 2023, is both licensed as an RN in Wisconsin and practicing in one of the four recognized roles and 2) satisfies additional practice or education criteria established by the board. The bill also, however, automatically grants licenses to certain RNs, as further described below. The four recognized roles, as defined in the bill, are 1) certified nurse-midwife; 2) certified registered nurse anesthetist; 3) clinical nurse specialist; and 4) nurse practitioner. The bill requires the board, upon granting a person an APRN license, to also grant the person one or more specialty designations corresponding to the recognized role or roles for which the person qualifies.
Under the bill, all APRNs, except APRNs with a certified nurse-midwife specialty designation, must practice in collaboration with a physician or dentist. However, under the bill, an APRN may practice without being supervised by a physician or dentist if the Board of Nursing verifies that the APRN has completed 3,840 hours of professional nursing in a clinical setting and has completed 3,840 clinical hours of advanced practice registered nursing practice in his or her recognized role while working with a physician or dentist during those 3,840 hours of practice. APRNs may count additional hours practiced as an APRN in collaboration with a physician or dentist towards the 3,840 required hours of professional nursing. APRNs with a certified nurse-midwife specialty designation are instead required, if they offer to deliver babies outside of a hospital setting, to file and keep current with the board a proactive plan for involving a hospital or a physician who has admitting privileges at a hospital in the treatment of patients with higher acuity or emergency care needs, as further described below. Additionally, under the bill, an APRN may provide pain management services only while working in a collaborative relationship with a physician who specializes in pain management or, if the APRN has qualified to practice independently, in a hospital or clinic associated with a hospital.
The bill allows an APRN to delegate a task or order to another clinically trained health care worker if the task or order is within the scope of the APRN’s practice, the APRN is competent to perform the task or issue the order, and the APRN has reasonable evidence that the health care worker is minimally competent to perform the task or issue the order under the circumstances. The bill requires an APRN to adhere to professional standards when managing situations that are beyond the APRN’s expertise.
The holder of an APRN license may append the title “A.P.R.N.” to his or her name, as well as a title corresponding to whichever specialty designations that the person possesses. The bill prohibits any person from using the title “A.P.R.N.,” and from otherwise indicating that he or she is an APRN, unless the person is licensed by the board as an APRN. The bill also prohibits the use of titles and abbreviations corresponding to a recognized role unless the person has a specialty designation for that role.
Under the bill, when an APRN renews his or her APRN license, the board must grant the person the renewal of both the person’s RN license and the person’s APRN license. The bill requires all APRNs to complete continuing education requirements each biennium in clinical pharmacology or therapeutics relevant to the APRN’s area of practice and to satisfy certain other requirements when renewing a license.
Practice of nurse-midwifery
The bill repeals licensure and practice requirements specific to nurse-midwives and the practice of nurse-midwifery, including specific requirements to practice with an obstetrician. Under the bill, “certified nurse-midwife” is one of the four recognized roles for APRNs, and a person who is licensed as a nurse-midwife under current law is automatically granted an APRN license with a certified nurse-midwife specialty designation. The bill otherwise allows nurse-midwives to be licensed as APRNs if they satisfy the licensure requirements, except that the bill also requires that a person applying for a certified nurse-midwife specialty designation be certified by the American Midwifery Certification Board. The bill also requires an APRN with a specialty designation as a certified nurse-midwife to file with the Board of Nursing, and obtain the board’s approval of, a plan for ensuring appropriate care or care transitions in treating certain patients if the APRN offers to deliver babies outside of a hospital setting.
Prescribing authority
Under current law, a person licensed as an RN may apply to the Board of Nursing for a certificate to issue prescription orders if the person meets certain requirements established by the board. An RN holding a certificate is subject to various practice requirements and limitations established by the board and must possess malpractice liability insurance in an amount determined by the board.
The bill eliminates certificates to issue prescription orders and generally authorizes APRNs to issue prescription orders. A person who is certified to issue prescription orders under current law is automatically granted an APRN license with his or her appropriate specialty designation. RNs who are practicing in a recognized role on January 1, 2023, but who do not hold a certificate to issue prescription orders on that date and who are granted an APRN license under the bill may not issue prescription orders. As under current law, an APRN issuing prescription orders is subject to various practice requirements and limitations established by the board.
The bill repeals a provision concerning the ability of advanced practice nurses who are certified to issue prescription orders and who are required to work in collaboration with or under the supervision of a physician to obtain and practice under a federal waiver to dispense narcotic drugs to individuals for addiction treatment.
Malpractice liability insurance
The bill requires all APRNs to maintain malpractice liability insurance in coverage amounts specified under current law for physicians and nurse anesthetists. Additionally, the bill requires APRNs who have qualified to practice independently and who practice outside a collaborative or employment relationship, but not including those APRNs who only practice as a certified nurse-midwife, to participate in the Injured Patients and Families Compensation Fund. Under current law, only physicians and nurse anesthetists are mandatory participants in the Injured Patients and Families Compensation Fund. The Injured Patients and Families Compensation Fund provides excess medical malpractice coverage for health care providers who participate in the fund and meet all other participation requirements, which includes maintaining malpractice liability insurance in coverage amounts specified under current law.
Other changes
The bill directs DHS to require a hospital that provides emergency services to have sufficient qualified personnel available at all times to manage the number and severity of emergency department cases anticipated by the location. At a minimum, the bill directs DHS to require a hospital that provides emergency services to have on-site at least one physician who, through education, training, and experience, specializes in emergency medicine.
The bill makes numerous other changes throughout the statutes relating to APRNs, including various terminology changes.
Professional licensure
Licensure of dental therapists
The bill provides for the licensure of dental therapists, who are health care practitioners who may engage in the limited practice of dentistry.
Under current law, dentists and dental hygienists are licensed by the Dentistry Examining Board to practice dentistry and dental hygiene, respectively. The bill provides for the licensure of a third type of dental practitioner, dental therapists. Under the bill, the board must grant a dental therapist license to an individual who satisfies certain criteria, including completion of an approved dental therapy program and passage of required examinations.
Dental therapists may provide dental therapy services only under the supervision of a dentist with whom the dental therapist has a collaborative management agreement that addresses various aspects of the dental therapist’s practice. Dental therapists are, subject to the terms of a collaborative management agreement and what was covered in their dental therapy education program, limited to providing services, treatments, and procedures that are specified in the bill, as well as additional services, treatments, or procedures specified by the board by rule. Dental therapists may initially provide dental therapy services only under the direct or indirect supervision of a qualifying dentist. Once a dental therapist has provided dental therapy services for at least 2,000 hours, the dental therapist may provide services under the general supervision of a qualifying dentist. However, the level of supervision for a dental therapist may be further limited under the terms of a collaborative management agreement. Dental therapists must also, under the bill, either 1) limit their practice to federally defined dental shortage areas or 2) practice in settings where at least 50 percent of their patient base consists of certain specified populations. Dental therapists must complete 12 hours of continuing education each biennium.
The bill subjects dental therapists to, or covers dental therapists under, various other laws, including the health care records law, the volunteer health care provider program, the health care worker protection law, and the emergency volunteer health care practitioner law. The bill also provides for loan forgiveness for dental therapists under the health care provider loan assistance program.
Finally, the bill requires, effective when 50 individuals become licensed as a dental therapist in this state or five years after the bill is enacted, that, to the extent possible, one of the dental hygienist members on the board also be licensed as a dental therapist.
Professional licenses for certain noncitizens
Currently, federal law prohibits all but certain noncitizens from receiving any “state or local public benefit,” which is defined to include any “professional license, or commercial license provided by an agency of a state or local government.” However, federal law allows states to explicitly allow eligibility for certain public benefits. The bill allows certain individuals who are not U.S. citizens to receive any professional license issued in this state if they meet all other requirements or qualifications for the professional license. For purposes of the bill, “professional license” means a license, registration, certification, or other approval to perform certain work tasks, whether issued by the state or a local governmental entity.
