10. The bill modifies current law provisions relating to a collection agency’s change of business location. The bill requires a collection agency to give written notice to DFI at least 30 days prior to changing its business location, but deletes the requirement that the collection agency obtain approval from DFI.
11. The bill gives DFI discretion to determine whether to report to the district attorney for prosecution violations of law relating to a collection agency.
The bill also modifies and repeals various DFI rules related to collection agencies, including the following:
1. The bill prohibits, with an exception, a licensed collection agency from contracting for or assessing a fee, commission, or other charge to a creditor for returning any account to the creditor that is not in the actual process of collection.
2. The bill requires a licensed collection agency’s trust checking account to be identified as a “trust account.” For the purpose of determining that funds are maintained in a trust account sufficient to pay creditors or forwarders, amounts collected by a third party, but not yet deposited into the trust account, are not considered trust funds. Third-party payment processors may not be given authority to withdraw funds from a collection agency’s trust account.
3. The bill requires a licensed collection agency, in the records that it must keep at its office, to maintain a list of all collectors and solicitors employed by the collection agency that includes specified information about each collector or solicitor.
4. The bill includes the following requirements related to a licensed collection agency’s use of a trade name (commonly referred to as a “doing business as” or “d/b/a” designation): 1) a licensed collection agency may not conduct business under a name other than a name listed on its license; 2) before using a trade name, the collection agency must obtain approval of the use of the trade name from DFI; and 3) the trade name may not include a corporate identifier.
5. The bill specifies that, in attempting to collect an alleged account, bill, or other indebtedness, a licensed collection agency may not violate any federal or state statute, rule, or regulation that relates to practice as a collection agency.
6. The bill defines “terminated,” for purposes related to the termination of a collection agency license, to include a license that is surrendered, revoked, or expired.
7. The bill specifies that a collection agency must enter into a written agreement with the creditor not only before accepting accounts for collection from the creditor but also before earning or collecting a fee or commission.
8. The bill includes restrictions on the ability of a collection agency and its client to modify the meaning of the defined term “actual process of collection” for purposes of a collection agency’s duty upon receiving a written request from a creditor or forwarder for the return of an account not in the actual process of collection.
9. The bill changes the date by which a licensed collection agency must provide a remittance statement and remit money due to creditors or forwarders, establishing the deadline as the last day of the month following the close of the month during which the collection was effected instead of 30 days from the close of the month during which the collection was effected.
10. The bill repeals a rule relating to the use of an alias by a collector or solicitor, but incorporates similar provisions into the statutes.
11. The bill makes other changes to DFI’s rules to retain consistency with the statutory changes in the bill.
Licensed lenders
The bill makes various changes relating to DFI’s licensing and regulation of certain consumer lenders.
Under current law, a lender other than a bank, savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, or any of its affiliates (financial institution) generally must obtain a license from DFI to assess a finance charge for a consumer loan that is greater than 18 percent per year. This type of lender is generally referred to as a “licensed lender.” A “consumer loan” is not defined in provisions governing licensed lenders, but the Wisconsin Consumer Act (WCA) defines a consumer loan as a loan made to an individual for personal, family, or household purposes that is payable in installments or for which a finance charge may be imposed and includes most transactions under an open-end credit plan such as most credit card debt.
The bill makes numerous changes related to the licensing and regulation of licensed lenders, including the following:
1. The bill creates a definition of consumer loan for purposes of licensed lenders that is similar to the WCA definition of consumer loan.
2. The bill specifies that provisions governing licensed lenders apply to any person who takes an assignment for sale, in whole or in part, of a consumer loan with a finance charge in excess of 18 percent per year, without regard to whether the loan was originally made by a financial institution. The bill also specifies that provisions governing licensed lenders do not apply to collection agencies, payment processors, and certain persons involved in investment or financing transactions.
3. The bill specifies that the following activities are doing business that require a person to be licensed as a licensed lender: a) making a consumer loan that has a finance charge in excess of 18 percent per year; b) taking an assignment of a consumer loan in which a customer is assessed a finance charge in excess of 18 percent per year; or c) directly collecting payments from or enforcing rights against a customer relating to a consumer loan in which a customer is assessed a finance charge in excess of 18 percent per year.
4. The bill specifies that a licensed lender may contract with a person that is not a licensed lender to service a consumer loan on behalf of the licensed lender, but the licensed lender generally is responsible for violations of law committed by the contracted party with respect to the servicing of the consumer loan. “Service” is defined to include collecting or receiving payments of principal, interest, and other amounts on consumer loans and undertaking other tasks related to the administration of consumer loans under the direction and control of the licensed lender.
5. As described above, the bill requires DFI to use the NMLSR in the licensing and regulation of licensed lenders. The bill also modifies license renewal and reporting procedures for licensed lenders to conform to the standardized procedures applicable to all licensed financial services providers that use the NMLSR.
6. The bill provides as an additional basis for DFI to suspend or revoke a license that the licensed lender has made a material misstatement, or knowingly omitted a material fact, in an application for a license or in information furnished to DFI or the NMLSR.
7. The bill eliminates provisions related to consumer loan interest rates that apply to certain loans entered into before specified dates, the latest being August 1, 1987.
8. The bill removes a provision of current law that, subject to exceptions, all loans must be consummated at the licensed location, but does not change the requirement that a licensed lender operate only from its licensed location.
9. The bill requires a licensed lender to keep its loan records separate and distinct from the records of any other business of the licensed lender. The bill also requires a licensed lender, upon DFI’s request, to promptly deliver books and records located outside Wisconsin to a location within Wisconsin specified by DFI.
Sellers of checks and money transmitters
The bill repeals provisions of current law governing the licensing and regulation of sellers of checks, which are persons engaged in the business of selling and issuing checks, transmitting money, or receiving money for transmission. The bill replaces these provisions with provisions governing the licensing and regulation of money transmitters, titled the Model Money Transmission Modernization Law.
The bill generally requires that a person be licensed by DFI in order to engage in the business of money transmission or advertise, solicit, or hold itself out as providing money transmission (money transmitter). However, certain persons and transactions are exempt from this license requirement, including federally insured financial institutions, government agencies, registered securities broker-dealers, agents of a payee that collect and process payments on behalf of the payee if certain conditions are satisfied, electronic funds transfers of governmental benefits by government contractors, employees and authorized delegates of licensed money transmitters if certain conditions are satisfied, and any other person exempted by DFI, as long as the exempt person does not engage in money transmission outside the scope of the exemption. “Money transmission” means 1) selling or issuing payment instruments to a person located in this state; 2) selling or issuing stored value to a person located in this state; or 3) receiving money for transmission from a person located in this state. “Money transmission” includes payroll processing services. A “payment instrument” is, with specified exceptions such as stored value, a written or electronic check, money order, traveler’s check, or other written or electronic instrument for the transmission or payment of money or monetary value, whether or not negotiable. “Stored value” means monetary value representing a claim against the issuer that is evidenced by an electronic or digital record and is intended and accepted for use as a means of redemption for money or monetary value or payment for goods or services.
Under the bill, an application for a money transmitter license must be made to DFI through the NMLSR. The application must include specified information and be accompanied by an application fee. DFI must promptly notify an applicant when its application is complete and must then investigate the applicant’s financial condition and responsibility, financial and business experience, character, and general fitness. DFI must issue a money transmitter license to the applicant, valid for a calendar year, if the applicant satisfies certain requirements, including requirements related to the applicant’s financial security and that the applicant’s financial condition and responsibility, financial and business experience, competence, character, and general fitness, and the competence, experience, character, and general fitness of persons in control of the applicant, indicate that it is in the interest of the public to permit the applicant to engage in money transmission. DFI must approve or deny an application within 120 days after the date the application is complete, unless DFI for good cause extends the review period. DFI may deny a license application for the same reasons it may suspend a license (discussed below). If DFI denies an application, DFI must provide specific reasons for the denial in a written notice. An issued license may be renewed annually, upon payment of the applicable renewal fee, in accordance with the standardized renewal procedures under the bill for all licensed financial services providers.
The bill allows DFI, after complaint, notice, and hearing, to suspend, revoke, or refuse renewal of a license for specified reasons, including that the licensee no longer meets a requirement for initial granting of the license; the licensee made a material misstatement, or knowingly omitted a material fact, in the application for the license or in information furnished to DFI or the NMLSR; the licensee has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices in connection with, or fraudulent or deceptive conduct or gross negligence relating to, the business of money transmission; or the licensee has violated a law or DFI order applicable to money transmission.
Under the bill, a person or group seeking to acquire control of a licensed money transmitter must apply to DFI, in cooperation with the licensed money transmitter, and obtain DFI’s written approval before acquiring control. “Control” means, among other powers, the power to vote at least 25 percent of the outstanding shares of the licensed money transmitter, to elect a majority of its officers, or to exercise controlling influence over its management or policies. The process and criteria for DFI’s approval to acquire control of a licensed money transmitter are mostly similar to that for issuance of a money transmitter license. The bill specifies various circumstances under which DFI’s approval is not required, although notice may be required to DFI after the acquisition of control. A licensed money transmitter, upon adding or replacing a key individual, must also provide notice of the change to DFI along with certain information. A “key individual” is an individual ultimately responsible for establishing or directing policies and procedures of the licensed money transmitter, such as an officer. DFI may issue a notice of disapproval of a key individual if DFI finds that the competence, experience, character, or integrity of the individual indicates that it is not in the interest of the public or the customers of the licensed money transmitter to permit the individual to be a key individual of the licensed money transmitter.
The bill allows a licensed money transmitter to conduct business through an authorized delegate. An “authorized delegate” is defined as a person designated by a licensed money transmitter to engage in money transmission on behalf of the licensed money transmitter. An authorized delegate of a licensed money transmitter is not required to hold a money transmitter license if the delegate acts within the scope of authority conferred by a written contract with the licensed money transmitter. Before a licensed money transmitter may conduct business through an authorized delegate or allow a person to act as an authorized delegate, the licensed money transmitter must 1) adopt written policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that its authorized delegate complies with applicable state and federal law; 2) conduct a reasonable risk-based background investigation sufficient for the licensed money transmitter to determine whether the authorized delegate will likely comply with applicable state and federal law; and 3) enter into a written agreement with the authorized delegate containing specified terms, including appointing the authorized delegate with the authority to conduct money transmission on behalf of the licensed money transmitter; requiring the authorized delegate to fully comply with applicable law pertaining to money transmission; and establishing certain requirements pertaining to the relationship between the licensed money transmitter and the authorized delegate and the duties of the authorized delegate. An application for a money transmitter license must include a list of the applicant’s proposed authorized delegates and a sample contract for these authorized delegates. An authorized delegate of a licensed money transmitter holds in trust for the benefit of the licensed money transmitter all money net of fees received from money transmission. An authorized delegate may not use a subdelegate to conduct money transmission on behalf of a licensed money transmitter. DFI may suspend or revoke the designation of an authorized delegate under specified circumstances.
The bill imposes various other requirements on licensed money transmitters, including requiring a licensed money transmitter to 1) forward all money received for transmission in accordance with the terms of the agreement between the licensed money transmitter and the sender, subject to limited exceptions; 2) refund to the sender any money received for transmission within 10 days of receipt of the sender’s written request for a refund unless the money was forwarded within 10 days of the date on which the money was received for transmission or unless various other circumstances apply; 3) provide the sender a receipt, for money received for transmission, containing specified information, subject to certain exceptions; 4) submit a quarterly report of condition; 5) submit annually audited financial information that contains specified information and meet certain standards; 6) submit a quarterly report of authorized delegates; 7) report certain events to DFI, including the filing of a bankruptcy petition, a proceeding to suspend or revoke its license in another state, or that the licensed money transmitter, a key individual, or an authorized delegate has been charged with or convicted of a felony; 8) maintain specified records for at least three years and make these records available to DFI upon written request; 9) maintain a tangible net worth of more than $100,000 or an amount determined by formula, whichever is greater, although DFI may exempt a licensed money transmitter from this requirement; 10) maintain a surety bond or other form of security acceptable to DFI in a minimum amount of $100,000 or an amount determined by formula, whichever is greater; and 11) maintain a certain minimum value of permissible investments, specified by investment category, which, if certain events occur such as the filing of a petition for bankruptcy, are held in trust for the benefit of those whose money is outstanding.
The bill provides DFI with various powers relating to the regulation of money transmitters, including investigatory and enforcement powers. Among these powers, DFI may investigate the business of a licensed money transmitter and examine its books, accounts, or records and those of its authorized delegates, and the cost of the examination must be paid by the licensed money transmitter. DFI may issue subpoenas and take testimony. DFI may also accept an audit report made by a third-party for a licensed money transmitter and incorporate the audit report in any report of examination or investigation. DFI may also take possession of an insolvent licensed money transmitter under specified circumstances.
Payday lenders
The bill makes changes relating to DFI’s licensing and regulation of payday lenders. As described above, the bill requires DFI to use the NMLSR in the licensing and regulation of payday lenders. The bill also modifies license renewal and reporting procedures for payday lenders to conform to the standardized procedures applicable to all licensed financial services providers that use the NMLSR. The bill also modifies as a basis for DFI to suspend or revoke a license, in addition to a material misstatement, that the payday lender knowingly omitted a material fact in an application or information furnished to DFI or the NMLSR.
Sales finance companies
The bill makes changes relating to DFI’s licensing and regulation of sales finance companies, which are companies that acquire motor vehicle installment sales contracts or consumer leases originated by a motor vehicle dealer. As described above, the bill requires DFI to use the NMLSR in the licensing and regulation of sales finance companies. The bill also modifies license renewal procedures and creates reporting procedures for sales finance companies to conform to the standardized procedures applicable to all licensed financial services providers that use the NMLSR. The bill modifies as a basis for DFI to suspend or revoke a license, in addition to a material misstatement, that the sales finance company knowingly omitted a material fact in an application or information furnished to DFI or the NMLSR. The bill requires a sales finance company to give DFI notice within 10 days of a change of location.
Adjustment service companies
The bill makes changes relating to DFI’s licensing and regulation of adjustment service companies, which are companies that, for a fee, assist debtors in prorating the income of the debtor to the debtor’s creditors or assume the debtor’s obligations by purchasing the accounts of the debtor. As described above, the bill requires DFI to use the NMLSR in the licensing and regulation of adjustment service companies. The bill also modifies license renewal and reporting procedures for adjustment service companies to conform to the standardized procedures applicable to all licensed financial services providers that use the NMLSR. The bill provides as an additional basis for DFI to revoke a license that the adjustment service company has made a material misstatement, or knowingly omitted a material fact, in an application for a license or in information furnished to DFI or the NMLSR.
Community currency exchanges
The bill makes changes relating to DFI’s licensing and regulation of community currency exchanges, also called check cashers, which cash checks for individuals for a fee. As described above, the bill requires DFI to use the NMLSR in the licensing and regulation of community currency exchanges. The bill also modifies license renewal and reporting procedures for community currency exchanges to conform to the standardized procedures applicable to all licensed financial services providers that use the NMLSR. The bill provides as an additional basis for DFI to revoke a license that the community currency exchange has made a material misstatement, or knowingly omitted a material fact, in an application for a license or in information furnished to DFI or the NMLSR. The bill eliminates a requirement that a community currency exchange’s license be conspicuously posted at its place of business.
Insurance premium finance companies
The bill makes changes relating to DFI’s licensing and regulation of insurance premium finance companies, which are companies that loan money to an insured to finance the payment of insurance premiums. As described above, the bill requires DFI to use the NMLSR in the licensing and regulation of insurance premium finance companies. The bill also modifies license renewal procedures and creates reporting procedures for insurance premium finance companies to conform to the standardized procedures applicable to all licensed financial services providers that use the NMLSR. The bill also provides as an additional basis for DFI to suspend or revoke a license that the insurance premium finance company has made a material misstatement, or knowingly omitted a material fact, in an application for a license or in information furnished to DFI or the NMLSR.
For further information see the state fiscal estimate, which will be printed as an appendix to this bill.
SB668,,44The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows: SB668,15Section 1. 49.857 (1) (d) 12. of the statutes is amended to read: SB668,,6649.857 (1) (d) 12. A license or certificate of registration issued under ss. 138.09, 138.12, 138.14, 217.06 217.05, 218.0101 to 218.0163, 218.02, 218.04, 218.05, 224.72, 224.725, 224.93 or subch. IV of ch. 551. SB668,27Section 2. 73.0301 (1) (d) 6. of the statutes is amended to read: SB668,,8873.0301 (1) (d) 6. A license or certificate of registration issued by the department of financial institutions, or a division of it, under ss. 138.09, 138.12, 138.14, 202.12 to 202.14, 202.22, 217.06 217.05, 218.0101 to 218.0163, 218.02, 218.04, 218.05, 224.72, 224.725, 224.93 or under subch. IV of ch. 551. SB668,39Section 3. 100.315 (1) of the statutes is amended to read: SB668,,1010100.315 (1) In this section, “check” has the meaning given in s. 217.02 (2) means any check, draft, money order, traveler’s check, personal money order, or other instrument for the transmission or payment of money. SB668,411Section 4. 108.227 (1) (e) 6. of the statutes is amended to read: SB668,,1212108.227 (1) (e) 6. A license or certificate of registration issued by the department of financial institutions, or a division of it, under ss. 138.09, 138.12, 138.14, 202.12 to 202.14, 202.22, 217.06 217.05, 218.0101 to 218.0163, 218.02, 218.04, 218.05, 224.72, 224.725, 224.93 or under subch. IV of ch. 551. SB668,513Section 5. 138.09 (1a) of the statutes is renumbered 138.09 (1c) (a). SB668,614Section 6. 138.09 (1c) (a) 3., 4., 5. and 6. of the statutes are created to read: SB668,,1515138.09 (1c) (a) 3. An individual or entity who, in connection with a securitization, private placement, collateral financing, or other type of investment or financing transaction, lends against or purchases consumer loans or any portion of the outstanding balances of consumer loans, if the following apply: SB668,,1616a. The consumer loans are serviced by a licensee under this section, either directly or through a contracted party. SB668,,1717b. The books and records for the consumer loans are maintained by a licensee under this section. SB668,,18184. Special purpose vehicles. SB668,,19195. Collection agencies licensed under s. 218.04. SB668,,20206. Payment processors. SB668,721Section 7. 138.09 (1c) (b) of the statutes is created to read: SB668,,2222138.09 (1c) (b) This section applies to any person who takes an assignment for sale, in whole or in part, of a consumer loan with a finance charge in excess of 18 percent per year, without regard to whether the loan was originally made by an entity listed under par. (a) 1. SB668,823Section 8. 138.09 (1d) of the statutes is renumbered 138.09 (1g) (intro.) and amended to read: SB668,,2424138.09 (1g) (intro.) In this section, “division”: SB668,,2525(c) “Division” means the division of banking. SB668,926Section 9. 138.09 (1g) (a), (b), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h) and (i) of the statutes are created to read: SB668,,2727138.09 (1g) (a) “Business” includes any of the following activities: SB668,,28281. To make a consumer loan that has a finance charge in excess of 18 percent per year. A person makes a consumer loan within the meaning of this section if the person is named as the lender in the consumer loan agreement. SB668,,29292. To take an assignment, in whole or in part, of a consumer loan in which a customer is being assessed a finance charge in excess of 18 percent per year. SB668,,30303. Except as provided in sub. (3) (cm), to directly collect payments from, or enforce rights against, a customer relating to a consumer loan in which a customer is being assessed a finance charge in excess of 18 percent per year. SB668,,3131(b) “Consumer loan” means a loan made by any person to a customer that is payable in installments or for which a finance charge is or may be imposed, and includes transactions pursuant to an open-end credit plan, as defined in s. 421.301 (27), other than a seller credit card, as defined in s. 421.301 (41). SB668,,3232(d) “Licensee,” except in sub. (3) (e) 1. g., means a person licensed under this section. SB668,,3333(e) “Nationwide multistate licensing system and registry” has the meaning given in s. 224.35 (1g) (b). SB668,,3434(f) “Payment processor” means a person who facilitates the purchase of, or payment of a bill for, a good or service through a clearance and settlement system by agreement with the licensee. Payment processor does not include a collection agency, as defined in s. 218.04 (1) (a), a debt collector, as defined in s. 427.103 (3), or any person who directly performs any of the activities set forth in par. (a). SB668,,3535(g) Except in sub. (9) (a), “service” or “servicing” means collecting or receiving payments of principal, interest, and other amounts on consumer loans and undertaking other tasks related to the administration of consumer loans, including negotiating a modification or extension of consumer loans, under the direction and control of the licensee. SB668,,3636(h) “Special purpose vehicle” means an entity that, in connection with a securitization, private placement, collateral financing, or other type of investment or financing transaction, is administered by a duly chartered financial institution under a management agreement for the purpose of purchasing, making loans against, or pooling receivables, general intangibles, and other financial assets, including consumer loans or the outstanding balances of consumer loans. SB668,,3737(i) “Unique identifier” has the meaning given in s. 224.35 (1g) (e). SB668,1038Section 10. 138.09 (1m) (a) of the statutes is renumbered 138.09 (1m) (a) 1. and amended to read: SB668,,3939138.09 (1m) (a) 1. Before any person may do business under this section, charge the interest authorized by sub. (7), or assess a finance charge on a consumer loan in excess of 18 percent per year, that person shall first obtain a license from the division. SB668,,40402. Applications for a license shall be in writing and upon forms provided for this purpose made in the form and manner prescribed by the division. SB668,,41413. An applicant at the time of making an application shall pay to the division a nonrefundable $300 fee for investigating the application and a $500 annual license fee for the period terminating on the last day of the current calendar year. If the cost of the investigation exceeds $300, the applicant shall upon demand of the division pay to the division the amount by which the cost of the investigation exceeds the nonrefundable fee. SB668,1142Section 11. 138.09 (1m) (b) 1. (intro.) of the statutes is amended to read: SB668,,4343138.09 (1m) (b) 1. (intro.) Except as provided in par. (c), an application under par. (a) 2. for a license shall contain the following:
