702.502 Creditor claim: general power not created by powerholder. (1) Except as otherwise provided in sub. (2), appointive property subject to a general power of appointment created by a person other than the powerholder is subject to a claim of a creditor of any of the following:
(a) If the power of appointment is a presently exercisable power of appointment, the powerholder to the extent the powerholder’s property is insufficient.
(b) If the power of appointment is exercisable at the powerholder’s death, the powerholder’s estate or revocable trust, subject to the right of a decedent to direct the source from which liabilities are paid, but only to the extent of the powerholder’s exercise of that general power of appointment and only to the extent that the claim of the creditor has been filed and allowed in the powerholder’s estate or filed with and approved by the trustee of a revocable trust but not paid because the assets of the estate or revocable trust are insufficient. For purposes of this paragraph, a revocable trust is a trust that is revocable, as defined in s. 701.0103 (22), by the powerholder or jointly by the powerholder and the powerholder’s spouse.
(2) Subject to s. 702.504 (3), a power of appointment created by a person other than the powerholder that is subject to an ascertainable standard relating to an individual’s health, education, support, or maintenance within the meaning of 26 USC 2041 (b) (1) (A) or 2514 (c) (1), is considered for purposes of this subchapter as a nongeneral power of appointment.
(3) If during the powerholder’s lifetime, the powerholder exercises a general power of appointment created by a person other than the powerholder, a creditor of the powerholder can reach the appointed interests to the same extent that under the law relating to fraudulent conveyances the creditor could reach property that the powerholder has owned and transferred during the powerholder’s lifetime.
702.503 Power to withdraw. (1) For purposes of this subchapter, and except as otherwise provided in sub. (2), a power to withdraw property from a trust is considered, during the time the power may be exercised, as a presently exercisable general power of appointment to the extent of the property subject to the power to withdraw.
(2) On the lapse, release, or waiver of a power to withdraw property from a trust, the power is treated as a presently exercisable general power of appointment only to the extent the value of the property affected by the lapse, release, or waiver exceeds the greater of the following:
(a) The amount referenced in section 2041 (b) (2) or 2514 (e) of the Internal Revenue Code.
(b) The amount referenced in section 2503 (b) of the Internal Revenue Code for each individual other than the beneficiary who makes a transfer to the trust or who is considered to make a transfer to the trust pursuant to an election to split gifts under section 2513 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code.
702.504 Creditor claim: nongeneral power of appointment. (1) Except as otherwise provided in subs. (2) and (3), appointive property subject to a nongeneral power of appointment is exempt from a claim of a creditor of the powerholder or the powerholder’s estate.
(2) Appointive property subject to a nongeneral power of appointment is subject to a claim of a creditor of the powerholder or the powerholder’s estate to the extent that the powerholder owned the property and, reserving the nongeneral power, transferred the property in violation of the law relating to fraudulent conveyances.
(3) For purposes of this subchapter, if the initial gift in default of appointment is to the powerholder or the powerholder’s estate, a nongeneral power of appointment is treated as a general power of appointment.
702.505. Third parties in good faith protected. Any person acting without actual notice of claims of creditors under this subchapter incurs no liability to those creditors for transferring property that is subject to a power of appointment or that has been appointed. A purchaser without actual notice and for a valuable consideration takes an interest in property, legal or equitable, and takes the interest free of any rights that a powerholder’s creditor may have under this subchapter.
SUBCHAPTER VI
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
702.601 Recording instruments relating to a power of appointment. (1) Each of the following instruments relating to a power of appointment is entitled to be recorded as a conveyance upon compliance with s. 706.05 (1):
(a) An instrument, other than a will, exercising a power of appointment.
(b) An instrument expressing consent to exercise a power of appointment.
(c) A disclaimer.
(d) A release.
(2) If a power of appointment is exercised by a will, a certified copy of the will and of the certificate of probate thereof may be recorded.
702.602 Uniformity of application and construction. In applying and construing this section, consideration shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.
702.603 Relation to electronic signatures in global and national commerce act. (1) Except as provided in sub. (2), this chapter modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 USC 7001, et seq.
(2) This chapter does not modify, limit, or supersede 15 USC 7001 (c) or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in 15 USC 7003 (b).
702.604 Applicability. (1) (a) This chapter applies to a power of appointment created before, on, or after the effective date of this paragraph .... [LRB inserts date].
(b) This chapter applies to a judicial proceeding concerning a power of appointment commenced on or after the effective date of this paragraph .... [LRB inserts date].
(c) This chapter applies to a judicial proceeding concerning a power of appointment commenced before the effective date of this paragraph .... [LRB inserts date], unless the court finds that application of a particular provision of this chapter would interfere substantially with the effective conduct of the judicial proceeding or prejudice a right of a party, in which case the particular provision of this chapter does not apply and the superseded law applies.
(d) A rule of construction or presumption in this chapter applies to an instrument executed before the effective date of this paragraph .... [LRB inserts date], unless there is a clear indication of a contrary intent in the terms of the instrument.
(e) Except as otherwise provided in pars. (a) to (d), this chapter does not apply to an action taken before the effective date of this paragraph .... [LRB inserts date].
(2) If a right is acquired, extinguished, or barred on the expiration of a prescribed period that commenced under a law of this state other than this chapter before the effective date of this subsection .... [LRB inserts date], the law continues to apply to the right.
127,119Section 119. 711.03 (4m) of the statutes is created to read: 711.03 (4m) “Consent instrument” means a written notarized document in physical or electronic form evidencing the user’s consent to the disclosure of the contents of electronic communications to a then acting fiduciary.
127,120Section 120. 711.04 (1) of the statutes is renumbered 711.04 (1) (intro.) and amended to read: 711.04 (1) (intro.) A user may use an online tool to direct the custodian to disclose or not disclose to a designated recipient or not to disclose some or all of the user’s digital property, including the content of electronic communications. If the online tool allows the user to modify or delete a direction at all times, a direction regarding disclosure using an online tool overrides a contrary direction by the user in a any of the following:
(a) A will, trust, power of attorney, or any other governing instrument.
127,121Section 121. 711.04 (1) (b) of the statutes is created to read: 711.04 (1) (b) A power of attorney.
127,122Section 122. 711.04 (1) (c) of the statutes is created to read: 711.04 (1) (c) A consent instrument.
127,123Section 123. 711.04 (1) (d) of the statutes is created to read: 711.04 (1) (d) Any other record.
127,124Section 124. 711.04 (2) of the statutes is amended to read: 711.04 (2) If a user has not used an online tool to give direction under sub. (1), or if the custodian has not provided an online tool, the user may allow or prohibit disclosure to a fiduciary of some or all of the user’s digital property, including the content of electronic communications sent or received by the user, in a will, trust, any other governing instrument, power of attorney, or any other governing consent instrument.
127,125Section 125. 711.05 (2) (b) of the statutes is amended to read: 711.05 (2) (b) Unless the user provided direction using an online tool, a copy of the user’s will, certification of trust under s. 701.1013, or other governing instrument, or consent instrument evidencing the deceased user’s consent to disclosure of the content of electronic communications.
127,126Section 126. 711.06 (2) (intro.) of the statutes is amended to read: 711.06 (2) Disclosure of content of electronic communications; principal. (intro.) To the extent a power of attorney expressly grants an agent authority over the content of electronic communications sent or received by the principal, or to the extent a consent instrument expressly consents to the disclosure to the agent the content of electronic communications sent or received by the principal, and unless directed otherwise by the principal or the court, a custodian shall grant an agent authority over the content of electronic communications or disclose to the agent the content of electronic communications if the agent gives the custodian all of the following:
127,127Section 127. 711.06 (2) (b) of the statutes is amended to read: 711.06 (2) (b) An original or a copy of the power of attorney that expressly grants the agent authority over the content of electronic communications of the principal or the consent instrument that expressly grants consent to disclosure to the agent of the content of electronic communications of the principal.
127,128Section 128. 711.07 (3) (b) of the statutes is amended to read: 711.07 (3) (b) A consent instrument or certification of the trust under s. 701.1013 that includes an original or successor user’s consent to disclosure of the content of electronic communications to the trustee.
127,129Section 129. 711.13 of the statutes is amended to read: 711.13 Marital property classification of digital property. Chapter 766 Section 766.625 governs the classification of digital property of a user who is married person.
127,130Section 130. 766.01 (9) (a) of the statutes is amended to read: 766.01 (9) (a) Except as provided in pars. (b) to (d) (f), property is “held” by a person only if a document of title to the property is registered, recorded, or filed in a public office in the name of the person or a writing that customarily operates as a document of title to the type of property is issued for the property in the person’s name.
127,131Section 131. 766.01 (9) (e) of the statutes is created to read: 766.01 (9) (e) 1. An account, as defined in s. 711.03 (1), and the digital property in the account, including the content of an electronic communication, as defined in s. 711.03 (6), are “held” by a person who is the user, as defined in s. 711.03 (28).
2. The catalogue of electronic communications, as defined in s. 711.03 (4), or similar identifying information for digital property in an account, is “held” by a person who holds such digital property, including the content of such electronic communications, under subd. 1.
3. For purposes of subds. 1. and 2., “person” has the meaning given under s. 711.03 (19).
127,132Section 132. 766.01 (9) (f) of the statutes is created to read: 766.01 (9) (f) A right or interest in digital property, not titled in the name of either spouse, that has been identified as having been originally created, purchased, or otherwise acquired by a spouse is “held” by that spouse.
127,133Section 133. 766.31 (7) (b) of the statutes is amended to read: 766.31 (7) (b) In Except as provided in s. 766.625 (2) (b) 1., in exchange for or with the proceeds of other individual property of the spouse.
127,134Section 134. 766.31 (7) (g) of the statutes is created to read: 766.31 (7) (g) By classification under s. 766.625 (2), designating an account and the digital property in an account, including the content of electronic communications, as defined in s. 711.03 (6), as the individual property of the holding spouse.
127,135Section 135. 766.58 (7) (c) of the statutes is created to read: 766.58 (7) (c) Unless the marital property agreement expressly provides otherwise, a marital property agreement that classifies digital property as marital property does not affect the operation of s. 766.625 (2).
127,136Section 136. 766.58 (13) (b) of the statutes is renumbered 766.58 (13) (b) 1. and amended to read: 766.58 (13) (b) 1. After the death of a spouse, if an estate administration proceeding is filed, no action concerning a marital property agreement may be brought later than 6 months after the inventory is filed under s. 858.01. If an amended inventory is filed, the action may be brought within 6 months after the filing of the amended inventory if the action relates to information contained in the amended inventory that was not contained in a previous inventory.
127,137Section 137. 766.58 (13) (b) 2. and 3. of the statutes are created to read: 766.58 (13) (b) 2. After the death of a spouse, if no estate administration proceeding is filed, no action concerning a marital property agreement may be brought later than 8 months after the death of the spouse.
3. If an action concerning a marital property agreement is barred under subd. 2. and an estate administration proceeding is thereafter commenced, any judgment in an action concerning a marital property agreement not barred under subd. 1. may be recovered only from the estate of the deceased spouse.
127,138Section 138. 766.58 (13) (c) of the statutes is amended to read: 766.58 (13) (c) The court may extend the 6-month period under par. (b) 1. for cause if a motion for extension is made within the applicable 6-month period.
127,139Section 139. 766.59 (1) of the statutes is amended to read: 766.59 (1) A Except as provided in s. 766.625 (2) (b) 2., a spouse may unilaterally execute a written statement which classifies the income attributable to all or certain of that spouse’s property other than marital property as individual property.
127,140Section 140. 766.625 of the statutes is created to read: 766.625 Classification of digital property, including the content of electronic communications. (1) General. Except as otherwise determined under sub. (2), classification of digital property, including the content of electronic communications, is determined under s. 766.31.
(2) Exceptions. (a) Digital property in an account. An account and the digital property held in an account, as defined in s. 766.01 (9) (e), including the content of electronic communications, as defined in s. 711.03 (6), not otherwise classified as individual property under s. 766.31 (6) and (7) (a) to (d), is classified as the individual property of the holding spouse, regardless of the classification of property used to create, purchase, or otherwise acquire the account and digital property held in the account, unless the nonholding spouse can prove that any of the following apply:
1. ‘Creation.’ The account or the digital property in the account was not originally created, purchased, or otherwise acquired exclusively for the personal, noneconomic purposes of the holding spouse.
2. ‘Use.’ The account or the digital property in the account has at any time been used for purposes other than the personal, noneconomic purposes of the holding spouse.
(b) Exchanges; income. Notwithstanding par. (a), with respect to an account and the digital property held in the account, as defined in s. 766.01 (9) (e), including the content of electronic communications, as defined in s. 711.03 (6), classified as individual property solely by reason of par. (a), all of the following apply:
1. ‘Exchanges; Proceeds.’ Section 766.31 (7) (b) does not apply, and in the event of a sale, exchange, or other disposition, property received in exchange for such account, or the digital property in the account, is classified as marital property.
2. ‘Income.’ Section 766.59 does not apply, and income during marriage and after the determination date attributable to the account, or the digital property in the account, is classified as marital property.
127,141Section 141. 766.63 (1) of the statutes is amended to read: 766.63 (1) Except as provided otherwise in ss. 766.61 and, 766.62, and 766.625 (2), mixing marital property with property other than marital property reclassifies the other property to marital property unless the component of the mixed property which is not marital property can be traced.
127,142Section 142. 766.70 (3) (dm) of the statutes is created to read: 766.70 (3) (dm) An interest in a digital property account, as defined in s. 711.03 (1).
127,143Section 143. 814.66 (1) (o) of the statutes is created to read:
