AB68-ASA2-AA6,68,8
22(4) Certification of prevailing wage rates. The department of workforce
23development shall, by May 1 of each year, certify to the department of transportation
24the prevailing wage rates in each area for all trades or occupations commonly
25employed in the highway construction industry. The certification shall, in addition
1to the current prevailing wage rates, include future prevailing wage rates when such
2prevailing wage rates can be determined for any such trade or occupation in any area
3and shall specify the effective date of those future prevailing wage rates. The
4certification shall also include wage rates for work performed on Sundays or the
5holidays specified in s. 103.49 (1) (c) and shift differentials based on the time of day
6or night when work is performed. If a construction project extends into more than
7one area, the department shall determine only one standard of prevailing wage rates
8for the entire project.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,68,14
9(4m) Wage rate data. In determining prevailing wage rates for projects that
10are subject to this section, the department shall use data from projects that are
11subject to this section, s. 66.0903 or 103.49, or
40 USC 3142. In determining
12prevailing wage rates for those projects, the department may not use data from any
13construction work that is performed by a state agency or a local governmental unit,
14as defined in s. 66.0903 (1) (d).
AB68-ASA2-AA6,68,18
15(5) Appeals to governor. If the department of transportation considers any
16determination of the department of workforce development of the prevailing wage
17rates in an area to be incorrect, it may appeal to the governor, whose determination
18is final.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,69,9
19(6) Contents of contracts. The department of transportation shall include
20a reference to the prevailing wage rates determined under sub. (3) and the prevailing
21hours of labor in the notice published for the purpose of securing bids for a project.
22Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, if any contract or subcontract for a
23project that is subject to this section is entered into, the prevailing wage rates
24determined under sub. (3) and the prevailing hours of labor shall be physically
25incorporated into and made a part of the contract or subcontract. For a minor
1subcontract, as determined by the department of workforce development, that
2department shall prescribe by rule the method of notifying the minor subcontractor
3of the prevailing wage rates and prevailing hours of labor applicable to the minor
4subcontract. The prevailing wage rates and prevailing hours of labor applicable to
5a contract or subcontract may not be changed during the time that the contract or
6subcontract is in force. The department of transportation shall post the prevailing
7wage rates determined by the department, the prevailing hours of labor, and the
8provisions of subs. (2) and (7) in at least one conspicuous place that is easily
9accessible to the employees on the site of the project.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,69,13
10(7) Penalties. (a) Except as provided in pars. (b), (d), and (f), any contractor,
11subcontractor, or contractor's or subcontractor's agent who violates this section may
12be fined not more than $200 or imprisoned for not more than 6 months or both. Each
13day that a violation continues is a separate offense.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,69,2114
(b) Whoever induces any individual who seeks to be or is employed on any
15project that is subject to this section to give up, waive, or return any part of the wages
16to which the individual is entitled under the contract governing the project, or who
17reduces the hourly basic rate of pay normally paid to an individual for work on a
18project that is not subject to this section during a week in which the individual works
19both on a project that is subject to this section and on a project that is not subject to
20this section, by threat not to employ, by threat of dismissal from employment, or by
21any other means is guilty of an offense under s. 946.15 (1).
AB68-ASA2-AA6,70,522
(c) Any individual employed on a project that is subject to this section who
23knowingly allows a contractor, subcontractor, or contractor's or subcontractor's
24agent to pay him or her less than the prevailing wage rate set forth in the contract
25governing the project, who gives up, waives, or returns any part of the compensation
1to which he or she is entitled under the contract, or who gives up, waives, or returns
2any part of the compensation to which he or she is normally entitled for work on a
3project that is not subject to this section during a week in which the individual works
4both on a project that is subject to this section and on a project that is not subject to
5this section, is guilty of an offense under s. 946.15 (2).
AB68-ASA2-AA6,70,116
(d) Whoever induces any individual who seeks to be or is employed on any
7project that is subject to this section to allow any part of the wages to which the
8individual is entitled under the contract governing the project to be deducted from
9the individual's pay is guilty of an offense under s. 946.15 (3), unless the deduction
10would be allowed under
29 CFR 3.5 or
3.6 from an individual who is working on a
11project that is subject to
40 USC 3142.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,70,1612
(e) Any individual employed on a project that is subject to this section who
13knowingly allows any part of the wages to which he or she is entitled under the
14contract governing the project to be deducted from his or her pay is guilty of an
15offense under s. 946.15 (4), unless the deduction would be allowed under
29 CFR 3.5 16or
3.6 from an individual who is working on a project that is subject to
40 USC 3142.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,70,1917
(f) Paragraph (a) does not apply to any individual who fails to provide any
18information to the department to assist the department in determining prevailing
19wage rates under sub. (3) or (4).
AB68-ASA2-AA6,71,4
20(8) Enforcement and prosecution. The department of transportation shall
21require adherence to subs. (2), (2m), and (6). The department of transportation may
22demand and examine, and every contractor, subcontractor, and contractor's or
23subcontractor's agent shall keep and furnish upon request by the department of
24transportation, copies of payrolls and other records and information relating to
25compliance with this section. Upon request of the department of transportation or
1upon complaint of alleged violation, the district attorney of the county in which the
2work is located shall investigate as necessary and prosecute violations in a court of
3competent jurisdiction. Section 111.322 (2m) applies to discharge and other
4discriminatory acts arising in connection with any proceeding under this section.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,71,116
103.503
(1) (a) “Accident" means an incident caused, contributed to, or
7otherwise involving an employee that resulted or could have resulted in death,
8personal injury, or property damage and that occurred while the employee was
9performing the work described in s. 66.0903 (4)
, 2013 stats., or
s. 16.856 103.49 (2m)
,
102015 stats., on a project of public works or while the employee was performing work
11on a public utility project.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,71,1513
103.503
(1) (e) “Employee" means a laborer, worker, mechanic, or truck driver
14who performs the work described in s. 66.0903 (4)
, 2013 stats., or
s. 16.856 103.49 15(2m)
, 2015 stats., on a project of public works or on a public utility project.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,336j
16Section 336j. 103.503 (1) (g) of the statutes is repealed and recreated to read:
AB68-ASA2-AA6,71,1817
103.503
(1) (g) “Project of public works" means a project of public works that
18is subject to s. 66.0903 or 103.49.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,72,220
103.503
(2) Substance abuse prohibited. No employee may use, possess,
21attempt to possess, distribute, deliver, or be under the influence of a drug, or use or
22be under the influence of alcohol, while performing the work described in s. 66.0903
23(4)
, 2013 stats., or
s. 16.856
103.49 (2m)
, 2015 stats., on a project of public works or
24while performing work on a public utility project. An employee is considered to be
25under the influence of alcohol for purposes of this subsection if he or she has an
1alcohol concentration that is equal to or greater than the amount specified in s.
2885.235 (1g) (d).
AB68-ASA2-AA6,72,114
103.503
(3) (a) 2. A requirement that employees performing the work described
5in s. 66.0903 (4)
, 2013 stats., or
s. 16.856 103.49 (2m)
, 2015 stats., on a project of
6public works or performing work on a public utility project submit to random,
7reasonable suspicion, and post-accident drug and alcohol testing and to drug and
8alcohol testing before commencing work on the project, except that testing of an
9employee before commencing work on a project is not required if the employee has
10been participating in a random testing program during the 90 days preceding the
11date on which the employee commenced work on the project.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,72,1613
104.001
(4) This section does not affect the requirement that employees
14employed on a public works project contracted for by a city, village, town, or county
15be paid at the prevailing wage rate, as defined in s. 66.0903 (1) (g), as required under
16s. 66.0903.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,72,21
18106.04 Employment of apprentices on state public works projects. (1) 19Definition. In this section, “project" means a project of public works that is subject
20to s. 103.49 or 103.50 in which work is performed by employees employed in trades
21that are apprenticeable under this subchapter.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,73,2
22(2) Waiver. If the department grants an exception or modification to any
23requirement in any contract for the performance of work on a project relating to the
24employment and training of apprentices, the department shall post that information
1on its Internet site, together with a detailed explanation for granting the exception
2or modification.”.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,73,4
4“
Section 341a. 108.14 (27) (dg) and (dr) of the statutes are created to read:
AB68-ASA2-AA6,73,75
108.14
(27) (dg) The department shall allocate all available federal funding for
6the project under par. (a) before allocating any general purpose revenue for that
7purpose.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,73,158
(dr) If federal funding is received for the project under par. (a) prior to July 1,
92023, the secretary of administration may, to the extent permitted under federal law,
10lapse from the appropriation under s. 20.445 (1) (nc) to the general fund an amount
11not to exceed the amounts in the schedule under s. 20.445 (1) (ar) or the amount of
12federal funding received, whichever is less. This paragraph does not apply with
13respect to amounts received as administrative grants by the state under
42 USC 502 14or to amounts received by this state under section 903 (d) of the federal Social
15Security Act, as amended,
42 USC 1103.”.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,73,20
18111.01 Declaration of policy. The public policy of the state as to employment
19relations and collective bargaining, in the furtherance of which this subchapter is
20enacted, is declared to be as follows:
AB68-ASA2-AA6,73,24
21(1) It recognizes that there are 3 major interests involved, namely: the public,
22the employee, and the employer. These 3 interests are to a considerable extent
23interrelated. It is the policy of the state to protect and promote each of these interests
24with due regard to the situation and to the rights of the others.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,74,14
1(2) Industrial peace, regular and adequate income for the employee, and
2uninterrupted production of goods and services are promotive of all of these
3interests. They are largely dependent upon the maintenance of fair, friendly, and
4mutually satisfactory employment relations and the availability of suitable
5machinery for the peaceful adjustment of whatever controversies may arise. It is
6recognized that certain employers, including farmers, farmer cooperatives, and
7unincorporated farmer cooperative associations, in addition to their general
8employer problems, face special problems arising from perishable commodities and
9seasonal production that require adequate consideration. It is also recognized that
10whatever may be the rights of disputants with respect to each other in any
11controversy regarding employment relations, they should not be permitted, in the
12conduct of their controversy, to intrude directly into the primary rights of 3rd parties
13to earn a livelihood, transact business, and engage in the ordinary affairs of life by
14any lawful means and free from molestation, interference, restraint, or coercion.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,74,19
15(3) Negotiations of terms and conditions of work should result from voluntary
16agreement between employer and employee. For the purpose of such negotiation an
17employee has the right, if the employee desires, to associate with others in organizing
18and bargaining collectively through representatives of the employee's own choosing,
19without intimidation or coercion from any source.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,75,2
20(4) It is the policy of the state, in order to preserve and promote the interests
21of the public, the employee, and the employer alike, to establish standards of fair
22conduct in employment relations and to provide a convenient, expeditious, and
23impartial tribunal by which these interests may have their respective rights and
24obligations adjudicated. While limiting individual and group rights of aggression
1and defense, the state substitutes processes of justice for the more primitive methods
2of trial by combat.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,341ad
3Section 341ad. 111.04 (1) and (2) of the statutes are consolidated, renumbered
4111.04 and amended to read:
AB68-ASA2-AA6,75,12
5111.04 Rights of employees. Employees shall have the right of
6self-organization and the right to form, join or assist labor organizations, to bargain
7collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in lawful,
8concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or
9protection.
(2) Employees shall
also have the right to refrain from
self-organization;
10forming, joining, or assisting labor organizations; bargaining collectively through
11representatives; or engaging in activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or
12other mutual aid or protection such activities.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,76,1615
111.06
(1) (c) To encourage or discourage membership in any labor
16organization, employee agency, committee, association, or representation plan by
17discrimination in regard to hiring, tenure, or other terms or conditions of
18employment
except in a collective bargaining unit where an all-union agreement is
19in effect. An employer may enter into an all-union agreement with the voluntarily
20recognized representative of the employees in a collective bargaining unit, where at
21least a majority of such employees voting have voted affirmatively, by secret ballot,
22in favor of the all-union agreement in a referendum conducted by the commission,
23except that where the bargaining representative has been certified by either the
24commission or the national labor relations board as the result of a representation
25election, no referendum is required to authorize the entry into an all-union
1agreement. An authorization of an all-union agreement continues, subject to the
2right of either party to the all-union agreement to petition the commission to conduct
3a new referendum on the subject. Upon receipt of the petition, if the commission
4determines there is reasonable ground to believe that the employees concerned have
5changed their attitude toward the all-union agreement, the commission shall
6conduct a referendum. If the continuance of the all-union agreement is supported
7on a referendum by a vote at least equal to that provided in this paragraph for its
8initial authorization, it may continue, subject to the right to petition for a further
9vote by the procedure under this paragraph. If the continuance of the all-union
10agreement is not supported on a referendum, it terminates at the expiration of the
11contract of which it is then a part or at the end of one year from the date of the
12announcement by the commission of the result of the referendum, whichever is
13earlier. The commission shall declare any all-union agreement terminated
14whenever it finds that the labor organization involved has unreasonably refused to
15receive as a member any employee of such employer. An interested person may, as
16provided in s. 111.07, request the commission to perform this duty.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,76,2018
111.06
(1) (e) To bargain collectively with the representatives of less than a
19majority of the employer's employees in a collective bargaining unit, or to enter into
20an all-union agreement
except in the manner provided in par. (c).
AB68-ASA2-AA6,77,322
111.06
(1) (i) To deduct labor organization dues or assessments from an
23employee's earnings, unless the employer has been presented with an individual
24order therefor, signed by the employee personally, and terminable
at the end of any
25year of its life by the employee giving to the employer at least 30 days' written notice
1of the termination
. This paragraph applies to the extent permitted under federal law 2unless there is an all-union agreement in effect. The employer shall give notice to
3the labor organization of receipt of a notice of termination.”.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,78,36
109.09
(1) The department shall investigate and attempt equitably to adjust
7controversies between employers and employees
as to
regarding alleged wage
8claims. The department may receive and investigate any wage claim that is filed
9with the department, or received by the department under s. 109.10 (4), no later than
102 years after the date the wages are due. The department may, after receiving a wage
11claim, investigate any wages due from the employer against whom the claim is filed
12to any employee during the period commencing 2 years before the date the claim is
13filed. The department shall enforce this chapter and
s. ss. 66.0903,
2013 stats., s.
14103.49, 2013 stats., s. 229.8275, 2013 stats., and s. 16.856, 2015 stats., and ss. 103.02,
15103.49, 103.82,
and 104.12
, and 229.8275. In pursuance of this duty, the department
16may sue the employer on behalf of the employee to collect any wage claim or wage
17deficiency and ss. 109.03 (6) and 109.11 (2) and (3) shall apply to such actions. Except
18for actions under s. 109.10, the department may refer such an action to the district
19attorney of the county in which the violation occurs for prosecution and collection and
20the district attorney shall commence an action in the circuit court having appropriate
21jurisdiction. Any number of wage claims or wage deficiencies against the same
22employer may be joined in a single proceeding, but the court may order separate
23trials or hearings. In actions that are referred to a district attorney under this
24subsection, any taxable costs recovered by the district attorney shall be paid into the
1general fund of the county in which the violation occurs and used by that county to
2meet its financial responsibility under s. 978.13 (2) (b) for the operation of the office
3of the district attorney who prosecuted the action.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,78,85
111.322
(2m) (a) The individual files a complaint or attempts to enforce any
6right under s. 103.02, 103.10, 103.11, 103.13, 103.28, 103.32, 103.34, 103.455,
7103.50, 104.12, 109.03, 109.07, 109.075, 146.997, or 995.55, or ss. 101.58 to 101.599
8or 103.64 to 103.82.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,78,1310
111.322
(2m) (b) The individual testifies or assists in any action or proceeding
11held under or to enforce any right under s. 103.02, 103.10, 103.11, 103.13, 103.28,
12103.32, 103.34, 103.455,
103.50, 104.12, 109.03, 109.07, 109.075, 146.997, or 995.55,
13or ss. 101.58 to 101.599 or 103.64 to 103.82.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,78,1715
111.322
(2m) (c) The individual files a complaint or attempts to enforce a right
16under s. 66.0903, 103.49, or 229.8275 or testifies or assists in any action or
17proceeding under s. 66.0903, 103.49, or 229.8275.”.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,78,2420
109.03
(1) (b) School district and private school employees who voluntarily
21request payment over a 12-month period for personal services performed during the
22school year, unless
, with respect to private school employees, the employees are
23covered under a valid collective bargaining agreement which precludes this method
24of payment.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,79,172
111.70
(1) (a) “Collective bargaining" means the performance of the mutual
3obligation of a municipal employer, through its officers and agents, and the
4representative of its municipal employees in a collective bargaining unit, to meet and
5confer at reasonable times, in good faith, with the intention of reaching an
6agreement, or to resolve questions arising under such an agreement, with respect to
7wages, hours, and conditions of employment for public safety employees
or, for 8transit employees
and, or for municipal employees in a collective bargaining unit
9that contains a frontline worker; with respect to wages for general municipal
10employees
, who are in a collective bargaining unit that does not contain a frontline
11worker; and with respect to a requirement of the municipal employer for a municipal
12employee to perform law enforcement and fire fighting services under s. 60.553,
1361.66, or 62.13 (2e), except as provided in sub. (4) (mb) and (mc) and s. 40.81 (3) and
14except that a municipal employer shall not meet and confer with respect to any
15proposal to diminish or abridge the rights guaranteed to any public safety employees
16under ch. 164. Collective bargaining includes the reduction of any agreement
17reached to a written and signed document.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,80,219
111.70
(1) (f) “Fair-share agreement" means an agreement between a
20municipal employer and a labor organization that represents public safety
21employees
or, transit employees
, or a frontline worker under which all or any of the
22public safety employees or transit employees in the collective bargaining unit
or all
23or any of the employees in a collective bargaining unit containing a frontline worker 24are required to pay their proportionate share of the cost of the collective bargaining
1process and contract administration measured by the amount of dues uniformly
2required of all members.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,80,54
111.70
(1) (fd) “Frontline worker” means a municipal employee who is
5determined to be a frontline worker under sub. (4) (bm) 2.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,80,87
111.70
(1) (fm) “General municipal employee" means a municipal employee
8who is not a public safety employee
or, a transit employee
, or a frontline worker.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,80,1410
111.70
(1) (n) “Referendum" means a proceeding conducted by the commission
11in which public safety employees or transit employees in a collective bargaining unit
12or municipal employees in a collective bargaining unit containing a frontline worker 13may cast a secret ballot on the question of authorizing a labor organization and the
14employer to continue a fair-share agreement.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,80,1716
111.70
(1) (p) “Transit employee" means a municipal employee who is
17determined to be a transit employee under sub. (4) (bm)
1.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,341ar
18Section 341ar. 111.70 (2) of the statutes is renumbered 111.70 (2) (a) and
19amended to read:
AB68-ASA2-AA6,82,220
111.70
(2) (a) Municipal employees have the right of self-organization, and the
21right to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through
22representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in lawful, concerted activities
23for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. Municipal
24employees have the right to refrain from any and all such activities. A general
25municipal employee
may not be covered by a fair-share agreement unless the
1general municipal employee is in a collective bargaining unit containing a frontline
2worker. Unless the general municipal employee is covered by a fair-share
3agreement, a general municipal employee has the right to refrain from paying dues
4while remaining a member of a collective bargaining unit. A public safety employee
5or, a transit employee,
however, or a municipal employee in a collective bargaining
6unit containing a frontline worker may be
covered by a fair-share agreement and be 7required to pay dues in the manner provided in
a
the fair-share agreement; a
8fair-share agreement
covering a public safety employee or a transit employee must
9contain a provision requiring the municipal employer to deduct the amount of dues
10as certified by the labor organization from the earnings of the employee affected by
11the fair-share agreement and to pay the amount deducted to the labor organization.
12A fair-share agreement
covering a public safety employee or transit employee is
13subject to the right of the municipal employer or a labor organization to petition the
14commission to conduct a referendum. Such petition must be supported by proof that
15at least 30 percent of the employees in the collective bargaining unit desire that the
16fair-share agreement be terminated. Upon so finding, the commission shall conduct
17a referendum. If the continuation of the agreement is not supported by at least the
18majority of the eligible employees, it shall terminate. The commission shall declare
19any fair-share agreement suspended upon such conditions and for such time as the
20commission decides whenever it finds that the labor organization involved has
21refused on the basis of race, color, sexual orientation, creed, or sex to receive as a
22member any
public safety employee or transit
eligible municipal employee
of the
23municipal employer in the bargaining unit involved, and such agreement is subject
24to this duty of the commission. Any of the parties to such agreement or any
public
1safety employee or transit municipal employee covered by the agreement may come
2before the commission, as provided in s. 111.07, and ask the performance of this duty.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,82,104
111.70
(2) (b) General municipal employees who are not in a collective
5bargaining unit containing a frontline worker have the right to have their municipal
6employer consult with them, through a representative of their own choosing, with no
7intention of reaching an agreement, with respect to wages, hours, and conditions of
8employment. The right may be exercised when the municipal employer proposes or
9implements policy changes affecting wages, hours, or conditions of employment or,
10if no policy changes are proposed or implemented, at least quarterly.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,82,1512
111.70
(3) (a) 3. To encourage or discourage a membership in any labor
13organization by discrimination in regard to hiring, tenure, or other terms or
14conditions of employment; but the prohibition shall not apply to a fair-share
15agreement
that covers public safety employees or transit employees.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,83,217
111.70
(3) (a) 5. To violate any collective bargaining agreement previously
18agreed upon by the parties with respect to wages, hours
, and conditions of
19employment affecting public safety employees
or, transit employees,
or municipal
20employees in a collective bargaining unit containing a frontline worker, including an
21agreement to arbitrate questions arising as to the meaning or application of the
22terms of a collective bargaining agreement or to accept the terms of such arbitration
23award, where previously the parties have agreed to accept such award as final and
24binding upon them or to violate any collective bargaining agreement affecting
a
1collective bargaining unit containing only general municipal employees, that was
2previously agreed upon by the parties with respect to wages.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,83,114
111.70
(3) (a) 6. To deduct labor organization dues from the earnings of a public
5safety employee
or, a transit employee,
or a municipal employee who is in a collective
6bargaining unit containing a frontline worker unless the municipal employer has
7been presented with an individual order therefor, signed by the employee personally,
8and terminable by at least the end of any year of its life or earlier by the
public safety
9employee or transit municipal employee giving at least 30 days' written notice of such
10termination to the municipal employer and to the representative organization,
11except when a fair-share agreement is in effect.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,83,1713
111.70
(3) (a) 9. If the collective bargaining unit contains a public safety
14employee
or, transit employee,
or frontline worker, after a collective bargaining
15agreement expires and before another collective bargaining agreement takes effect,
16to fail to follow any fair-share agreement in the expired collective bargaining
17agreement.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,83,2219
111.70
(3g) Wage deduction prohibition. A municipal employer may not
20deduct labor organization dues from the earnings of a general municipal employee
,
21unless the general municipal employee is in a collective bargaining unit that
22contains a frontline worker, or
from the earnings of a supervisor.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,341ay
23Section 341ay. 111.70 (4) (bm) (title) of the statutes is amended to read:
AB68-ASA2-AA6,83,2424
111.70
(4) (bm) (title)
Transit employee or frontline worker determination.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,341az
1Section 341az. 111.70 (4) (bm) of the statutes is renumbered 111.70 (4) (bm)
21.
AB68-ASA2-AA6,84,94
111.70
(4) (bm) 2. The commission shall determine that a municipal employee
5is a frontline worker if the commission finds that the municipal employee has regular
6job duties that include interacting with members of the public or with large
7populations of people or that directly involve the maintenance of public works. The
8commission may not determine that a public safety employee or a transit employee
9is a frontline worker.