Michigan has one firearm season, two archery seasons, and one muzzleloader season, as well as two antlerless-only seasons and a youth hunt. The firearm season run November 15 – 30. The archery seasons runs October 1 – November 14 and December 1 – January 1, 2014. Michigan’s muzzleloader-only season is split into three zones with each zone’s season occurring in December and lasting for either 10 or 17 days. The antlerless-only seasons run from September 21-22 and December 23 – January 1, 2014 and the youth hunt occurs on Sept 21-22. Hunters interested in harvesting an antlerless deer must purchase an antlerless license that is valid within a specific DMU for use on either public access lands or private land. In some DMUs, these licenses may only be purchased over the counter, whereas in others there is an application process and drawing.
Minnesota
Minnesota has one archery season, one firearm season that is divided into four separate zones, and one muzzleloader season. There is also a special archery season on Camp Ripley (a military base) and a youth season. The archery season runs from September 14 – December 31. The firearm season runs November 9 – 17, November 9 – 24, or November 23 – December 1 depending on the zone. The muzzleloader season runs November 30 – December 15. The special archery hunt on Camp Ripley occurs on October 26 – 27 and November 2-3. The youth hunt runs from October 17 – 20. Antlerless permits are distributed through a license lottery in “lottery” areas of the state. In “Hunter Choice”, “Managed”, or “Intensive” areas licenses are either-sex. Bonus permits for antlerless deer are available over the counter for use in managed and intensive areas.
Summary of Factual Data and Analytical Methodologies: Implementation of the deer trustee’s report will result in establishing a number of new policies for deer management and hunting management compared to current rules. The primary policy alternatives evaluated in development of these rules are ones recommended in the report. Throughout this rulemaking process, the department and its partners did evaluate other policy alternatives as they were identified.
The full report is located on the department’s website at:
Revisions to Ch. NR 1 are minor and consist of an update to Natural Resources Board policy so that the term “population objective” and “goal” are used consistently throughout the board order and for concise wording. This rule order favors the term “objective” to describe the deer population level that management activities are designed to achieve. The terms “objective” and “goal” are very similar and “objective” is favored in this rulemaking because it was a recommendation of the trustee’s report. Chapter NR 10 establishes most of the deer population management policy, practices and hunting regulations that are in place today. Currently, Ch. NR 10 establishes the Sex-Age-Kill model for estimating deer populations, deer population goals, and deer management units. These rules establish a process by which the department can elect to use alternative methods of estimating deer populations. These rules will replace the current population goals by eliminating numeric goals and replacing them with a simplified statement of objectives to “increase, stabilize, or decrease the deer population.” These rules establish a set of metrics to monitor progress towards the objective. These rules significantly reduce the number of deer management units and establish that they are generally the same as the county boundaries with exceptions for metropolitan subunits and tribal lands. These rules do not change the department’s current requirement to evaluate deer management unit boundaries and population goals or objectives on a recurring three year basis. Under these rules the department will be able to modify antlerless harvest quotas and permit levels on an annual basis. These rules establish that the department will seek input from groups or representatives for certain deer related interests in establishing quotas by creating county deer management advisory councils. Through these councils, the department will seek comment from members of the public on the status of the deer herd. The councils will usually be chaired by the chairperson for the county delegation of the Conservation Congress. Other members of the council can also include a representative of Wisconsin’s Chippewa bands if in ceded territories and a representative for; agriculture, forestry, tourism, transportation, a local organization representing hunting interests, and local government. Membership on a county deer management advisory council may also include a participant in the deer management assistance program. The department will establish guidance for the operation of county deer management advisory councils and background checks of volunteer council members may be conducted.
The county deer management advisory councils will have the ability to recommend a number of deer hunting season framework modifications which may be implemented by the department by an order of the secretary. Modifications could be made in individual units and could be in place for as little as one season. The options include an antlerless deer only season framework for all archery, crossbow, or firearm seasons. A season commonly referred to as the December, antlerless-only holiday firearm season could be recommended to the department and would begin on December 24 and continue through January 1. The holiday hunt option is available only in units that are in a farmland zone. Additionally, councils could make recommendations on the number of farmland zone antlerless deer permits which are included with the purchase of a license.
Under this proposal, hunters in most of the state will continue to receive an antlerless deer tag with the purchase of a firearm or archery license. This tag will be comparable to the current “herd control unit” tag which is issued in units that are 20% or more over the established population goal. In 2015 these antlerless tags are not weapon-specific but, beginning in 2016, these tags could only be used under the authority of the license they are issued with and would not be transferable among seasons. Under the proposal, these tags will be valid in many but potentially not all farmland units. Beginning in 2016, the antlerless tag issued with an archery license would be valid statewide except in units without a quota allowing the harvest of antlerless deer. There is flexibility to establish that antlerless tags issued automatically with deer hunting licenses are not valid in farmland units that have a population objective to increase or stabilize the deer population. The department would establish this after natural resources board approval of a secretary’s order, and following evaluation and a recommendation from county deer management advisory councils and the department. The department currently issues additional herd control tags for the cost of a $2.00 issuance fee but those tags will be discontinued by this rule. Under this proposal, the standard fee of $12.00, also the current fee for a bonus permit, will apply for most antlerless permits which are in addition to the one that was issued with hunting licenses. These rules also establish a $12.00 fee for additional antlerless tags which allow harvest of deer in the CWD-affected area. Under statute, $5.00 of the fee for bonus permits issued for use in a CWD-affected area will be credited to an account for management and testing of chronic wasting disease. Through the deer management assistance program, these rules allow establishing separate fees and unique antlerless deer permits that are specific for use on properties enrolled in the deer management assistance program and those are explained where that program is described. In units where the department has not established a quota allowing the harvest of antlerless deer, the department may establish by an order of the secretary that antlerless tags issued to junior deer hunting license buyers are not valid.
An important change in the allowable use of most antlerless deer permits is that, under this proposal, they will be valid for harvesting antlerless deer only on private land or only on lands open to public access for hunting. Historically, bonus permits had been valid for hunting on any type of land in the correct management unit. This rule change is intended to address hunter concerns about harvest and hunting pressure on publicly accessible lands. This regulation may reduce the level of antlerless deer harvest on lands open to public hunting. Under the proposal, public access lands are defined as land owned, under easement to, or lease by federal, state or county government if that land is open to public access for hunting and includes private lands enrolled in the managed forest or forest crop program, or which is otherwise open to hunting by members of the general public.
A variety of related hunting regulations changes are proposed in these rules. Some of them are simplifications to current rules. Changes include the names for permits and the allowable use of various deer permits. Deer carcass tags, tagging, and transportation requirements are modified where possible in order to simplify regulations or where needed in anticipation of a new automated licensing system. The current requirement to register deer is replaced in these rules with a more customer-friendly harvest reporting procedure using telephone or internet. Black bear are another species for which in-person registration of harvested animals is required. These rules will modify bear harvest recording requirements because deer and bear registration occur at the same locations and through the same process under current rules. These rules will eliminate deadlines to register deer and bear that currently vary by season, harvest method, and location. Instead, a simple statewide requirement to register deer and bear harvest by 5:00 p.m. of the day after harvest is established. The department can make exceptions where in-person registration may still be required for sampling purposes. This allows fewer hours to register an animal than under current law but electronic registration will be significantly more convenient. Faster registration of deer will provide the department, and others who may be interested, with very timely harvest information. The shorter deadline may also help with enforcing bag limit, tagging, transportation, and possession restrictions. The option to require in-person registration of deer carcasses is preserved in areas that are part of a CWD-affected area or where necessary for deer population and herd health monitoring purposes. The department could take advantage of this authority in order to collect tissue specimens for sampling for a wide variety of diseases or biometrics associated with deer populations. Finally, in order to assure hunter accountability and compliance with group bagging restrictions, these rules establish that a deer carcass possessed in the field must be accompanied by the person who tagged it. These rules maintain the restriction that deer and bear can only be “quartered” while in the field, even if they have already been registered. Both of these regulations essentially maintain current requirements because in-the-field registration of harvested deer was not possible previously. Now that deer could be registered while in the field by using a cellular phone or other electronic means, these rules will continue to require that the person who tagged the carcass accompany it during dragging or other field transport or possession by others. Deer that have been registered could be possessed and transported by other people on public highways or possessed at a residence or business, such as a taxidermist or butcher shop. These requirements will also assure sex or size of deer or bear are identifiable in the field.
Season date modifications may have the impact of opening a small number of refuges, which are established in NR 11 and 15, to additional deer hunting during the late firearm season that begins on December 24. These refuges are located primarily on department managed lands and most of them were established to provide undisturbed resting areas for migrating waterfowl. This deer hunt will occur very late in fall migration and will normally be after all waterfowl seasons are closed.
The department is recommending deer hunting season date modifications as a result of this rulemaking. The report generally recommended, “keeping seasons and bag limits consistent for longer periods of time to allow better assessment of management progress”. The season date modifications in the proposal may lead to more long term stability of seasons. These rules will maintain the current season for hunting deer by archery methods. This proposal maintains the traditional Wisconsin firearm deer season opener on the Saturday before Thanksgiving and 9 day structure. The current 10 day muzzleloader season is maintained under this proposal. These rules retain a statewide four day antlerless-only firearm season beginning on the second Thursday following the Thanksgiving Day holiday. This antlerless-only season is the same as the one held statewide from 2006 through 2013 but which was suspended in 2014 only. This proposal modifies the “holiday hunt” which has been held in the CWD management zone so that it is no longer a standard part of the deer hunting season framework and, in counties where it is held, it would end on January 1 instead of the Sunday nearest January 6. The holiday hunt could be expanded geographically to include entire counties where previously the hunt was held only in a portion of the county. This holiday deer hunt occurs under current rules in the CWD management zone. It has been a low-pressure event but, for some, a greatly appreciated opportunity for additional deer hunting at a time when families are together and around which some new deer hunting traditions are developing. The late firearm season, or holiday hunt, is similar to seasons offered in other adjacent states and will occur during a time of the year when more residents are traditionally taking vacation or home for the holidays as in the case of veterans. Finally, only in areas that are part of the CWD season under current rules, archery deer hunting has been allowed on the day before the traditional 9-day firearm season opens. Under this proposal, the archery deer season will be open statewide on the day before the traditional 9-day firearm season for statewide consistency.
In metropolitan deer management subunits a 19-day firearm deer hunting season has been in place and is maintained by this rule proposal.
Under current rule, numerous state parks are listed in the table that establishes deer seasons because the department was required to establish hunting seasons in state parks by administrative rule. Under 2011 ACT 168, hunting is allowed at state parks except where, or at times when, the Natural Resources Board has prohibited the activity in order to protect public safety or a unique plant or animal community. Because the old presumption that state parks are closed unless opened by rule has been replaced by a presumption that state parks are open unless board action has been taken to close them, most state park names have been removed from the table. Those parks will be open to deer hunting under normal statewide regulations at times when hunting has not been prohibited for safety related purposes by natural resources board order. A number of parks, which had deer hunting seasons or regulations which are not the same as the ones that apply statewide are still found in the season table in order to preserve those unique seasons or regulations. All state park deer management unit number designations have been repealed and state parks are simply referred to by their name. Current rules require that deer hunters in state parks in the CWD management zone obtain a free access permit to a park. The number of access permits is not restricted. This rule repeals that requirement because it is no longer needed considering that access to other parks will not be monitored to this extent. Finally, the deer hunt at the Loew Lake Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, which had been a limited entry/draw hunt, will now be open to participation by any licensed hunter. However, this season will continue to be muzzleloader only. These changes are made for consistency with other changes made at state parks which previously had limited entry hunts.
These rules establish additional season framework options which the department could implement upon the recommendation of two-thirds of the county deer management advisory councils in a management zone. Those options include an antlerless deer only season framework for all archery, crossbow, or firearm seasons. The second option in the holiday antlerless-only firearm season in farmland zones, as described earlier in this summary.
The trustee’s report generally recommends a more passive approach than current department policy to the management of chronic wasting disease. This approach is reflected by the establishment of deer seasons in CWD-affected areas that are similar to other areas of the state. Management of CWD in the state’s deer herd is still important under these rules. These rules retain an option to hold a firearm deer season occurring over the Christmas holiday, although it will now end on January 1. These rules modify the current CWD zone management system by designating it as the CWD-affected area using county boundaries to describe the zone instead of the previous DMU configuration based on roads and natural features such as rivers. A process for efficiently adding new counties as CWD-affected areas when the disease is discovered in new areas is created. The department currently establishes numeric population goals for deer units that are in a CWD zone. Those goals are modified by these rules so that they are consistent with the manner in which objectives for other units are expressed.
This rulemaking establishes a deer management assistance program that will allow landowners and hunters to work together with the department to manage deer on a site-specific basis. The program will actively involve members of the public in the collection, analysis, and reporting of deer harvest information and improve management of the deer herd at the local level. The rule establishes enrollment fees for participation in the program and statute has established that revenue will be credited back to implementation of the program. This proposal establishes a separate half-price fee of $6.00 for antlerless deer hunting permits obtained through participation in the program. The lower fee is intended to be an incentive for participation. These rules allow the sales of antlerless deer hunting permits to a landowner or primary contact who is enrolled in the deer management assistance program or their authorized representative. The permits could then be transferred, for no more than the actual cost, to hunters who would be able to use the tags on the enrolled property. The program is a central feature of the report which recommended that the department establish: a) applicability to private and publically accessible lands, b) initial areas eligible to participate, c) administration of DMAP, d) funding, e) personnel and training, f) minimum property size to participate, g) fees, h) participation requirements, i) data collection requirements, j) registration of deer harvested on DMAP properties, k) data analysis and reporting, and l) assessment of DMAP effectiveness.
Chapter NR 13 is intended to regulate off-reservation treaty rights of treaty rights participants recognized by Lac Courte Oreilles Band v. Voigt, 700 F. 2d 341 (7th Cir. 1983). Modifications to Ch. NR 13 update a cross reference with Ch. NR 10. Other out-of-date cross-references exist in this chapter but are not revised here as that might be more appropriate as a stand-alone, more thorough review. The report did not recommend changes to this chapter of administrative code. A significant portion of this board order is dedicated to updating administrative code so that it is consistent with 2013 ACT 61 which establishes deer hunting seasons in 2014 and 2015 where the use of crossbows is allowed. Under the Act, the crossbow season must be identical to the archery season. Other substantiative provisons of this rule related to the use of crossbows, such as the allowable uses of carcass tags, are also written as directed by the ACT. The department has limited discretion in rulemaking for the 2014 and 2015 seasons. Beginning in 2016, the department will have much greater statutory authority and more decision making ability. This board order does make numerous remedial revisions to reflect the new status of crossbows as generally allowed for hunting. Throughout the rule, references to “archery” and “crossbow” are intended to reflect statutory language which creates an “archer hunting” license and a “crossbow hunting” license.
Additional remedial revisions reflect that statutes now allow the possession of loaded, uncased handguns by people who are licensed to possess a concealed handgun, including in department closed areas and game refuges where possession of other weapons is restricted.
Analysis and supporting documents used to determine effect on small business or in preparation of an economic impact analysis: The department estimates that the economic impact of these rules will be none or minimal and, pursuant to 2011 Executive Order 50, facilitated a 14 day period for comment on a draft economic impact analysis. The comment period began on October 7 and ended on October 21, 2013. Although s. Ch. 227.14 Stats., does not require an economic impact analysis for emergency rules, an analysis was prepared for companion emergency rules as well as for this board order. This proposal modifies rules that establish the department’s habitat and deer harvest management strategies. Examples of the new management efforts include: increased emphasis of habitat management on private land through the deer management assistance program, eliminating the requirement to use a specific method of measuring and estimating deer populations even though that model may still be used and considered, and new ways to describe desired deer population levels. These rules will result in moderate revisions to regulations that apply to individual deer hunters. Examples of the types of changes proposed include adjustments to deer management unit boundaries, simplified harvest registration procedures, different deer hunting regulations on private versus public access lands, and different uses and changes in the availability of antlerless deer harvest permits.
Deer population, harvest, and habitat management affect many entities in this state. A broad description of affected industries includes agriculture, forestry, tourism, and retail. Governments may be impacted by these rules because many do have programs to manage nuisance deer locally. Many non-profit groups are focused on natural resource conservation, wildlife resources, or deer in particular, and may be affected by these rules.
The department anticipates there will be no or a minimal effect on the financial health of industries, governments, and groups. The department anticipates there will be no economic effects of these regulations for individual hunters and landowners.
Affected entities are likely to base their evaluations of economic impact on their opinions of whether or not the rules will result in deer population changes. For instance, agriculture and forest-products interests may benefit from low deer populations and resulting low levels of crop and tree damage. The tourism and retail industries may benefit from high deer populations that result in greater enthusiasm and participation in deer hunting. This rule package will be designed to balance competing interests with a different approach than current rules.
It is important to note that the department is statutorily prohibited from managing deer populations with regulations that require a hunter to first harvest an antlerless deer before harvesting a buck. The department also lacks rulemaking authority for certain deer hunting season frameworks. These changes to the department’s regulatory authority result from previously enacted statutes and they were not considered as part of an economic analysis prepared for these rules. While deer may have significant positive or negative impacts to different entities, removal of these harvest regulations likely moderates the economic impact of this rule package.
The department anticipates that there will be no or very few implementation and compliance costs for the affected entities. These rules will not establish reporting or compliance requirements or other regulations for small business. A possible outcome of these rules is the elimination of deer registration stations at local businesses throughout the state. The department has summarized the value of registration fees paid by the department to businesses, and related impacts of this voluntary program, in the economic impact analysis.
This is not a complete estimate of economic impacts but, rather, a summary which indicates that these rules will have no or minimal economic effects. The final economic analysis for these rules includes a description of the specific impacts of deer and deer hunting in this state based on surveys and research done by the department and other state and federal agencies. However, even though significant research exists, the impact of wild deer on the environment and to people under various conditions cannot be anticipated with exact precision. The final analysis includes significant narrative descriptions of anticipated economic impacts.
Anticipated Private Sector Costs: These rules, and the legislation which grants the department rule making authority, do not have a significant fiscal effect on the private sector. Additionally, no costs are associated with compliance to these rules.
Effects on Small Business: These rules are applicable to individual sportspersons and impose no compliance or reporting requirements for small businesses, and no design or operational standards are contained in the rule. Because this rule does not add any regulatory requirements for small businesses, the proposed rules will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small businesses under 227.114(6) or 227.14(2g).
Comment period: The comment period for these rules ended on January 31, 2015.
Agency Contact Person: Scott Loomans, 101 South Webster St., PO BOX 7921, Madison, WI 53707-7921. (608) 267-2452, scott.loomans@wisconsin.gov [See PDF to view properly formatted document]
Section 1. NR 1.15 (1) (a), (b), (c) 1., and (2) (a) (title) and (intro.) are amended to read:
NR 1.15 (1) (a) Forest diversity. A planned program of maintaining forest diversity including shade-intolerant cover types, particularly aspen, oak and forest openings, is required to slow or halt this decline in habitat quality and to maintain deer populations at established goal levels population objectives.
(b) Summer range. Habitat conditions are deteriorating most rapidly on summer deer range. Forest maturation, conversion from sun-loving tree species to shade tolerant species and loss of grassy openings are reducing the quality of summer deer range and with it, the deer carrying capacity in northern Wisconsin. The habitat management objective, depending upon the deer population goal, is to provide an adequate mixture of aspen, oak, upland brush, jack pine and sodded openings in connection with regular forest management practices.
(c) 1. The department will seek appropriate deer harvest quotas to maintain move deer populations at established goals in the direction specified by deer population objectives.
(2) (a) Deer population goals objectives. The department shall seek to maintain a deer herd in balance with its range and at deer population goals with deer population and sustainable harvest objectives that are reasonably compatible with social, economic and ecosystem management objectives for each deer management unit. Deer population objectives are to be based on:
Section 2. NR 1.15 (2) (a) 8. is repealed and recreated to read:
NR 1.15 (2) (a) 8. Ability to manage the deer herd in a management unit towards an established population objective.
Section 3. NR 1.15 (2) (at) and (3) are amended to read:
NR 1.15 (2) (at) If crop damage in a deer management unit with an objective to maintain or increase the population is above the tolerable limit in 2 years out of a 3 year period prior to a current unit review under s. NR 10.104 (3), the department shall consider reducing the goal if intolerable levels of damage are likely when the herd is at goal. If damage in a deer management unit exceeds tolerable levels when the herd is at goal in 2 years out of a 3 year period prior to a current unit review under s. NR 10.104 (3), the department shall reduce the population goal in that unit, unless an objective is selected which would result in a herd size goal reduction is not expected to alleviate intolerable levels of deer damage. establishing an objective to reduce or maintain the deer population. (3) Research and surveys. Surveys, investigations and research shall be conducted to provide technical information necessary to evaluate population objectives and establish population estimates trends, harvest recommendations, population goals objectives and habitat management needs and guidelines.
