NR 665.0091(1)(a)(a) Monitoring wells (at least one) installed hydraulically upgradient (i.e., in the direction of increasing static head) from the limit of the waste management area. Their number, locations and depths shall be sufficient to yield groundwater samples that are all of the following:

NR 665.0091(1)(a)1.1. Representative of background groundwater quality in the uppermost aquifer near the facility.

NR 665.0091(1)(b)(b) Monitoring wells (at least 3) installed hydraulically downgradient (i.e., in the direction of decreasing static head) at the limit of the waste management area. Their number, locations and depths shall ensure that they immediately detect any statistically significant amounts of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents that migrate from the waste management area to the uppermost aquifer.

NR 665.0091(1)(c)(c) The facility owner or operator may demonstrate that an alternate hydraulically downgradient monitoring well location will meet all of the following criteria. The demonstration shall be in writing and kept at the facility. The demonstration shall be certified by a qualified groundwater scientist and establish that all of the following apply:

NR 665.0091(1)(c)1.1. An existing physical obstacle prevents monitoring well installation at the hydraulically downgradient limit of the waste management area.

NR 665.0091(1)(c)2.2. The selected alternate downgradient location is as close to the limit of the waste management area as practical.

NR 665.0091(1)(c)3.3. The location ensures detection that, given the alternate location, is as early as possible of any statistically significant amounts of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents that migrate from the waste management area to the uppermost aquifer.

NR 665.0091(1)(c)4.4. Lateral expansion, new or replacement units are not eligible for an alternate downgradient location under this paragraph.

NR 665.0091(2)(2) Separate monitoring systems for each waste management component of a facility are not required provided that provisions for sampling upgradient and downgradient water quality will detect any discharge from the waste management area.

NR 665.0091(2)(a)(a) In the case of a facility consisting of only one surface impoundment or landfill, the waste boundary (perimeter) describes the waste management area.

NR 665.0091(2)(b)(b) In the case of a facility consisting of more than one surface impoundment or landfill, an imaginary boundary line which circumscribes the several waste management components describes the waste management area.

NR 665.0091(3)(3) All monitoring wells shall be cased in a manner that maintains the integrity of the monitoring well bore hole. This casing shall be screened or perforated, and packed with gravel or sand where necessary, to enable sample collection at depths where appropriate aquifer flow zones exist. The annular space (i.e., the space between the bore hole and well casing) above the sampling depth shall be sealed with a suitable material (e.g., cement grout or bentonite slurry) to prevent contamination of samples and the groundwater.

NR 665.0092(1)(1) The owner or operator shall obtain and analyze samples from the installed groundwater monitoring system. The owner or operator shall develop and follow a groundwater sampling and analysis plan. Chemical and physical samples shall be analyzed by a laboratory certified or registered under ch. NR 149, except for field analyses for pH, specific conductance and temperature. The owner or operator shall keep this plan at the facility. The plan shall include procedures and techniques for all of the following:

NR 665.0092 NoteNote: See “Procedures Manual For Ground-water Monitoring At Solid Waste Disposal Facilities,” EPA-530/SW-611, and “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,” EPA-600/4-79-020, for discussions of sampling and analysis procedures.

NR 665.0092(2)(2) The owner or operator shall determine the concentration or value of all of the following parameters in groundwater samples in accordance with subs. (3) and (4):

NR 665.0092(2)(a)(a) Parameters characterizing the suitability of the groundwater as a drinking water supply, as specified in ch. NR 665 Appendix III.