NR 809.50(4)(4) Small water systems compliance technologies for radionuclides. NR 809.50(4)(a)(a) The department identifies, as indicated in the following table, the best available technology for achieving compliance with the maximum contaminant levels for combined radium-226 and radium-228, uranium, gross alpha particle activity and beta particle and photo radioactivity for small systems serving a population of 10,000 or less: NR 809.50(4)(b)(b) Point of Use (POU) treatment may only be allowed if the department determines that treatment prior to entry is not feasible. NR 809.50(5)(5) Alternative treatment. The department may approve the use of alternative treatment not listed in subs. (3) and (4), if a water supplier demonstrates to the department, using pilot studies or other means, that the alternative treatment is sufficient to achieve compliance with the MCLs in sub. (1). Table J
BAT for Combined Radium-226 and Radium-228,
Uranium, Gross Alpha Particle Activity, and Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity
1 National Research Council (NRC). Safe Water from Every Tap: Improving Water Service to Small Communities. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1997.
2 POU devices are typically installed at the kitchen tap. See the April 21, 2000 NODA for more details.
Limitations Footnotes: Technologies for Radionuclides:
a The regeneration solution contains high concentrations of the contaminant ions. Disposal options should be carefully considered before choosing this technology.
b When POU devices are used for compliance, programs for long-term operation, maintenance, and monitoring shall be provided by water utility to ensure proper performance.
c Reject water disposal options should be carefully considered before choosing this technology. See other RO limitations described in the SWTR Compliance Technologies Table.
d The combination of variable source water quality and the complexity of the water chemistry involved may make this technology too complex for small surface water systems.
e Removal efficiencies can vary depending on water quality.
f This technology may be very limited in application to small water systems. Since the process requires static mixing, detention basins, and filtration, it is most applicable to small water systems with sufficiently high sulfate levels that already have a suitable filtration treatment train in place.
g This technology is most applicable to small water systems that already have filtration in place.
h Handling of chemicals required during regeneration and pH adjustment may be too difficult for small water systems without an adequately trained operator.
i Assumes modification to a coagulation/filtration process already in place.
1 Numbers correspond to those technologies found listed in the Table K of s. NR 809.50 (4).
NR 809.50 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; CR 15-049: am. (4) Table K Register March 2016 No. 723, eff. 4-1-16. NR 809.51NR 809.51 Beta particle and photon radioactivity from man-made radionuclides maximum contaminant levels. NR 809.51(1)(1) Allowable dose. The average annual concentration of beta particle and photon radioactivity from man-made radionuclides in drinking water shall not produce an annual dose equivalent to the total body or any internal organ greater than 4 millirem/year. NR 809.51(2)(2) MCL calculation. Except for the radionuclides listed in Table M, the concentration of man–made radionuclides causing 4 mrem total body or organ dose equivalents shall be calculated on the basis of a 2 liter per day drinking water intake using the 168 hour data listed in “Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air or Water for Occupational Exposure”, NBS Handbook 69 as amended August, 1963, U.S. Department of Commerce. Copies of this document are available for inspection at the office of the department of natural resources and the office of the legislative reference bureau, and may be obtained for personal use from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. If 2 or more radionuclides are present, the sum of their annual dose equivalent to the total body or to any organ may not exceed 4 millirem/year. NR 809.51 NoteNote: Sections ss. NR 809.50 to 809.52 are identical to the radioactivity standards of the department of health services in ch. DHS 157, Wis. Adm. Code, and to the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations, 40 CFR part 141. These sections are adopted pursuant to s. 254.34, Stats. NR 809.51 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; correction in (2) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 6., Stats., Register April 2023 No. 808. NR 809.52NR 809.52 Analytical methods for radionuclides.
