DHS 157.87(2)(e)1.1. During an exposure or preset succession of exposures of one-half second or greater duration, the operator is able to terminate the exposure or preset succession of exposures at any time.

DHS 157.87(2)(e)2.2. During an exposure or preset succession of exposures of less than one-half second duration, the operator is able to prevent additional exposures after the completion of the exposure in progress.

DHS 157.87(3)(3) Additional requirements for open-beam radiation generating devices. The registrant shall submit a written explanation of the need to utilize the open beam configuration instead of closed-beam systems and receive the written approval of the department prior to use. In addition to the requirements in sub. (1) all of the following apply to all open-beam radiation generating devices not otherwise addressed in this subchapter:

DHS 157.87(3)(a)1.1. The registrant shall use a safety device which prevents the entry of any portion of the operator’s body into the path of the primary beam or which causes the primary beam to be shut off upon entry into its path, unless otherwise authorized by the department or this subchapter.

DHS 157.87(3)(a)2.2. If the registrant’s use of the open-beam radiation generating device does not permit the use of a safety device described in subd. 1. or 4., the registrant shall submit a written justification for why such a safety device cannot be used and receive the written approval of the department prior to use. The documented request and approval, include information about the absence of safety devices, shall be available for inspection as long the open-beam radiation generating device is in use. A record of this documentation shall be retained for 5 years after the open-beam radiation generating device is used.

DHS 157.87(3)(a)3.3. If the registrant does not use a safety device described in subd. 1., the registrant shall employ alternative methods such as policies and procedures to minimize the possibility of unnecessary exposure. These alternative methods shall be documented and available for inspection as long as these methods are employed. A record of this documentation shall be retained for 5 years after the method is no longer employed.

DHS 157.87(3)(a)4.4. For portable open-beam radiation generating devices that are manufactured to be used hand-held, or potentially used as a hand-held, without a safety device described in subd. 1, this safety device requirement shall be met by complying with all the requirements in sub. (4) prior to use.

DHS 157.87(3)(b)(b) X-ray on status. For open-beam equipment, radiation generating devices shall be provided with a readily discernible and active indication of all of the following:

DHS 157.87(3)(b)1.1. ‘X-ray tube “on-off” status.’ An on-off status indicator shall be of a fail-safe design and be located near the radiation source housing. The warning lights as required by sub. (1) (a) 2. may meet this requirement if the warning lights are readily discernible and viewable by anyone near the primary beam.

DHS 157.87(3)(b)2.2. ‘Shutter “open-closed” status.’ An open-closed status indicator shall be of a fail-safe design and be located at the control panel. If the primary beam is controlled with a shutter, it shall be near each beam port on the radiation source housing. The shutter status indicator shall be clearly labeled as to the meaning of the status of the device. The status indicator at the control panel may meet the requirement for the status indicator at the beam port if the status indicator at the control panel is readily discernible and viewable by anyone near the primary beam.

DHS 157.87(3)(c)(c) Labeling. Each unit shall be labeled at or near the x-ray exit beam port to identify the location of the beam with the words, “CAUTION - X-RAY BEAM”, “CAUTION – HIGH INTENSITY X-RAY BEAM”, or words having a similar meaning and intent.

DHS 157.87(3)(d)(d) Beam ports. Unused beam ports on radiation source housings shall be secured in the closed position in a manner which will prevent inadvertent opening.

DHS 157.87(3)(e)(e) Shutters. On open-beam radiation generating device configurations that are designed to accommodate interchangeable components, such as apertures, filters, or target materials, each beam port on the radiation source housing shall be equipped with a shutter that cannot be opened unless a collimator or a component coupling has been connected to the beam port.

DHS 157.87(3)(f)(f) Radiation emission limits. The local components of an open-beam radiation generating device, such as portable shielding, room walls, and designed housing, shall be located and arranged and shall include sufficient shielding or access control such that no radiation emissions exist, exclusive of the primary beam, in any area surrounding the local component group which could result in a dose to an individual present therein in excess of the dose limits as outlined in s. DHS 157.25. These emissions shall be met at any specified tube rating.

DHS 157.87(3)(g)(g) Primary beam attenuation. In cases where the primary x-ray beam is not intercepted by the detector device under all conditions of operation, protective measures shall be provided, such as auxiliary shielding or administrative procedures, to avoid exposure to any individual from the transmitted primary x-ray beam.

DHS 157.87(3)(h)(h) Operator attendance. The operator shall be in immediate attendance at all times when the equipment is in operation except when the area is locked, or the equipment is secured to protect against unauthorized or accidental entry.

DHS 157.87(3)(i)(i) Control of access. If the radiation generating device is not in a restricted area, the operator shall be able to control access to the radiation generating device at all times during operation. If the radiation generating device is not in a restricted area and the radiation generating device is capable of creating a radiation area or, the operator shall be able to control access to the radiation generating device at all times during operation, and do all the following:

DHS 157.87(3)(i)1.1. Conspicuously identify radiation areas. The radiation source shall be within a conspicuous perimeter that identifies the area in which the dose equivalent rate exceeds 0.05 mSv (5 mrem) per hour. The area identified shall be suitably posted with “CAUTION -RADIATION AREA” signs at the perimeter. The operator shall ensure that no one is inside or enters the radiation area during operation of the radiation generating device.

DHS 157.87(3)(i)2.2. Conspicuously identify high radiation areas. The radiation source shall be within a conspicuous perimeter that identifies the area in which the dose equivalent rate exceeds 1 mSv (100 mrem) per hour. The area identified shall be suitably posted with “CAUTION - HIGH RADIATION AREA” signs at the perimeter. The operator shall ensure that no one is inside or enters the high radiation area during operation of the radiation generating device.

DHS 157.87(3)(i)3.3. Perform a visual check of the controlled area to ensure it is free of all unauthorized personnel immediately prior to activating or exposing the radiation source.

DHS 157.87(3)(i)4.4. Maintain surveillance of the exposure area during operation, either visually or by other reliable means to ensure that no person enters the area.

DHS 157.87(3)(i)5.5. With the exception of hand-held x-ray systems, when approaching the radiation source, following the conclusion of an exposure, use a suitable calibrated and operable radiation detection instrument to verify that the radiation source is in its fully shielded condition or that the x-ray tube has been de-energized.

DHS 157.87(3)(i)6.6. Wear a personal alarming dose rate meter to approach the work area. The radiation field in the work area must be uniform such that the personal alarming dose rate meter responds to radiation exposure to any part of the body. The personal alarming dose rate meter shall not be used to measure radiation levels required under subds. 7. to 9., nor shall it be used to indicate the presence of a radiation source for potential non-uniform exposure, such as may occur during machine maintenance or work in a radiation generating device target area. The personal alarming dose rate meter shall meet all of the following:

DHS 157.87(3)(i)6.b.b. Is set at an appropriate level to detect the presence of the radiation source, for example 0.02 mSv (2 mrem) per hour.

DHS 157.87(3)(i)7.7. Perform measurement of radiation levels for a radiation survey using an appropriate calibrated radiation survey meter required by subs. (1) (e) 1. and 2. A radiation survey meter shall also be used when there is potential for non-uniform exposure to personnel, such as may occur during machine maintenance or work in a radiation generating device target area.

DHS 157.87(3)(i)8.8. During the first exposure for each set up of the device, measure the radiation levels around the perimeter of the controlled area. The perimeter shall be adjusted accordingly to meet the access control requirement for radiation areas or high radiation areas before subsequent exposures are made.