NR 440.13(7)(7) When the emissions from a single affected facility or 2 or more affected facilities subject to the same emission standards are combined before being released to the atmosphere, the owner or operator may install applicable continuous monitoring systems on each emission or on the combined emissions. When the affected facilities are not subject to the same emission standards, separate continuous monitoring systems shall be installed on each emission. When the emission from one affected facility is released to the atmosphere through more than one point, the owner or operator shall install an applicable continuous monitoring system on each separate emission unless the installation of fewer systems is approved by the department. When more than one continuous monitoring system is used to measure the emissions from one affected facility (e.g., multiple breechings, multiple outlets), the owner or operator shall report the results as required from each continuous monitoring system.

NR 440.13(8)(8) Owners or operators of all continuous monitoring systems for measurement of opacity shall reduce all data to 6-minute averages and for continuous monitoring systems other than opacity to one-hour averages for time periods as defined under s. NR 440.02 (20) and (29), respectively. Six-minute opacity averages shall be calculated from 36 or more data points equally spaced over each 6-minute period. For continuous monitoring systems other than opacity, one-hour averages shall be computed from 4 or more data points equally spaced over each one-hour period. Data recorded during periods of continuous monitoring system breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments may not be included in the data averages computed under this subsection. For owners and operators complying with the requirements in s. NR 440.07 (6) (a) or (b), data averages shall include any data recorded during periods of monitor breakdown or malfunction. An arithmetic or integrated average of all data may be used. The data may be recorded in reduced or nonreduced form (for example, ppm pollutant and percent O2 or ng of pollutant per J of heat input). All excess emissions shall be converted into units of the standard using the applicable conversion procedures specified in the standards. After conversion into units of the standard, the data may be rounded to the same number of significant digits used in the standard to specify the emission limit (for example, rounded to the nearest one percent opacity).

NR 440.13(9)(a)(a) Alternative monitoring requirements when installation of a continuous monitoring system or monitoring device specified by this chapter would not provide accurate measurements due to liquid water or other interferences caused by substances with the effluent gases.

NR 440.13(9)(b)(b) Alternative monitoring requirements when the affected facility is infrequently operated.

NR 440.13(9)(c)(c) Alternative monitoring requirements to accommodate continuous monitoring systems that require additional measurements to correct for stack moisture conditions.

NR 440.13(9)(d)(d) Alternative locations for installing continuous monitoring systems or monitoring devices when the owner or operator can demonstrate that installation at alternate locations will enable accurate and representative measurements.

NR 440.13(9)(e)(e) Alternative methods of converting pollutant concentration measurements to units of the standards.

NR 440.13(9)(f)(f) Alternative procedures for performing daily checks of zero and span drift that do not involve use of span gases or tests cells.

NR 440.13(9)(g)(g) Alternatives to the ASTM test methods or sampling procedures specified by any section of this chapter.

NR 440.13(9)(h)(h) Alternative continuous monitoring systems that do not meet the design or performance requirements in Performance Specification 1 of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17, but adequately demonstrate a definite and consistent relationship between their measurements and the measurements of opacity by a system complying with the requirements in Performance Specification 1. The department may require that a demonstration be performed for each affected facility.

NR 440.13(9)(i)(i) Alternative monitoring requirements when the emission from a single affected facility or the combined emissions from 2 or more affected facilities are released to the atmosphere through more than one point.

NR 440.13(10)(a)(a) An alternative to the reference method test for determining relative accuracy is available for sources with emission rates demonstrated to be less than 50% of the applicable standard. A source owner or operator may petition the administrator to waive the relative accuracy test in section 8.4 of Performance Specification 2 and substitute the procedures in section 16.0 if the results of a performance test conducted according to the requirements in s. NR 440.08 or other tests performed following the criteria in s. NR 440.08 demonstrate that the emission rate of the pollutant of interest in the units of the applicable standard is less than 50% of the applicable standard. For sources subject to standards expressed as control efficiency levels, a source owner or operator may petition the administrator to waive the relative accuracy test and substitute the procedures in section 16.0 of Performance Specification 2 if the control device exhaust emission rate is less than 50% of the level needed to meet the control efficiency requirement. The alternative procedures do not apply if the continuous emission monitoring system is used to determine compliance continuously with the applicable standard. The petition to waive the relative accuracy test shall include a detailed description of the procedures to be applied. Included shall be location and procedure for conducting the alternative, the concentration or response levels of the alternative relative accuracy materials, and the other equipment checks included in the alternative procedure. The administrator shall review the petition for completeness and applicability. The determination to grant a waiver will depend on the intended use of the CEMS data (for example, data collection purposes other than NSPS) and may require specifications more stringent than in Performance Specification 2 (for example, the applicable emission limit is more stringent than NSPS).

NR 440.13(10)(b)(b) The waiver of a CEMS relative accuracy test shall be reviewed and may be rescinded at the time, following successful completion of the alternative relative accuracy procedure, that the CEMS data indicate the source emissions are approaching the level of the applicable standard. The criterion for reviewing the waiver is the collection of CEMS data showing that emissions have exceeded 70% of the applicable standard for 7 consecutive averaging periods as specified by the applicable regulations. For sources subject to standards expressed as control efficiency levels, the criterion for reviewing the waiver is the collection of CEMS data showing that exhaust emissions have exceeded 70% of the level needed to meet the control efficiency requirement for 7 consecutive averaging periods as specified by the applicable regulations. It is the responsibility of the source operator to maintain records and determine the level of emissions relative to the criterion on the waiver of relative accuracy testing. If this criterion is exceeded, the owner or operator shall notify the administrator within 10 days of the occurrence and include a description of the nature and cause of the increasing emissions. The administrator shall review the notification and may rescind the waiver and require the owner or operator to conduct a relative accuracy test of the CEMS as specified in section 8.4 of Performance Specification 2.

NR 440.14(1)(1) Except as provided under subs. (5), (6) and (8) to (12), any physical or operational change to an existing facility which results in an increase in the emission rate to the atmosphere of any pollutant to which a standard applies shall be considered a modification within the meaning of this chapter. Upon modification, an existing facility becomes an affected facility for each pollutant to which a standard applies and for which there is an increase in the emission rate to the atmosphere.

NR 440.14(2)(a)(a) Emission factors as specified in “Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,” AP-42, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources, EPA-OAQPS, as amended, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (2) (i) 2., or other emission factors determined by the department to be superior to AP-42 emission factors, in cases where utilization of emission factors demonstrates that the emission level resulting from the physical or operational change will either clearly increase or clearly not increase.

NR 440.14(2)(b)(b) Material balances, continuous monitor data, or manual emission tests in cases where utilization of emission factors as referenced in par. (a) does not demonstrate to the department’s satisfaction whether the emission level resulting from the physical or operational change will either clearly increase or clearly not increase, or where an owner or operator demonstrates to the department’s satisfaction that there are reasonable grounds to dispute the result obtained by the department utilizing emission factors as referenced in par. (a). When the emission rate is based on results from manual emission tests or continuous monitoring systems, the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix C, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17, shall be used to determine whether an increase in emission rate has occurred. Tests shall be conducted under such conditions as the department may specify to the owner or operator based on representative performance of the facility. At least 3 valid test runs shall be conducted before and at least 3 after the physical or operational change. All operating parameters which may affect emissions shall be held constant to the maximum feasible degree for all test runs.

NR 440.14(5)(a)(a) Maintenance, repair and replacement which the department determines to be routine for a source category, subject to the provisions of sub. (3) and s. NR 440.15.

NR 440.14(5)(b)(b) An increase in production rate of an existing facility, if that increase can be accomplished without a capital expenditure on that facility.

NR 440.14(5)(c)(c) An increase in the hours of operation.

NR 440.14(5)(d)(d) Use of an alternative fuel or raw material if, prior the date any standard under this chapter became applicable to that source type, the existing facility was designed to accommodate that alternative use. A facility shall be considered to be designed to accommodate an alternative fuel or raw material if that use could be accomplished under the facility’s construction specifications as amended prior to the change. Conversion to coal required for energy considerations, as specified in section 111 (a) (8) of the act (42 USC 7411 (a) (8)), will not be considered a modification under this chapter.