NR 664.0552(5)(c)2.a.a. The department finds that alternate design and operating practices, together with location characteristics, will prevent the migration of any hazardous constituents into the groundwater or surface water at least as effectively as the liner and leachate collection systems in subd. 1. NR 664.0552(5)(c)2.b.b. The CAMU is to be established in an area with existing significant levels of contamination, and the department finds that an alternative design, including a design that does not include a liner, would prevent migration from the unit that would exceed long-term remedial goals. NR 664.0552(5)(d)(d) Minimum treatment requirements. Unless the wastes will be placed in a CAMU for storage or treatment only in accordance with sub. (6), CAMU-eligible wastes that, absent this section, would be subject to the treatment requirements of ch. NR 668, and that the department determines contain principal hazardous constituents shall be treated to the standards specified in subd. 3. NR 664.0552(5)(d)1.1. Principal hazardous constituents are those constituents that the department determines pose a risk to human health and the environment substantially higher than the cleanup levels or goals at the site. NR 664.0552(5)(d)1.a.a. In general, the department will designate as principal hazardous constituents all of the following: 1) Carcinogens that pose a potential direct risk from ingestion or inhalation at the site at or above 10-3.
2) Non-carcinogens that pose a potential direct risk from ingestion or inhalation at the site an order of magnitude or greater over their reference dose.
NR 664.0552(5)(d)1.b.b. The department will also designate constituents as principal hazardous constituents, where appropriate, when risks to human health and the environment posed by the potential migration of constituents in wastes to groundwater are substantially higher than cleanup levels or goals at the site; when making such a designation, the department may consider factors such as constituent concentrations, and fate and transport characteristics under site conditions. NR 664.0552(5)(d)1.c.c. The department may also designate other constituents as principal hazardous constituents that the department determines pose a risk to human health and the environment substantially higher than the cleanup levels or goals at the site. NR 664.0552(5)(d)2.2. In determining which constituents are “principal hazardous constituents”, the department shall consider all constituents which, absent this section, would be subject to the treatment requirements in ch. NR 668. NR 664.0552(5)(d)3.3. Waste that the department determines contains principal hazardous constituents shall meet treatment standards determined in accordance with subd. 4. or 5. NR 664.0552(5)(d)4.a.a. For non-metals, treatment shall achieve 90% reduction in total principal hazardous constituent concentrations, except as provided by subd. 4. c. NR 664.0552(5)(d)4.b.b. For metals, treatment shall achieve 90% reduction in principal hazardous constituent concentrations as measured in leachate from the treated waste or media (tested according to the TCLP) or 90% reduction in total constituent concentrations (when a metal removal treatment technology is used), except as provided by subd. 4. c. NR 664.0552(5)(d)4.c.c. When treatment of any principal hazardous constituent to a 90% reduction standard would result in a concentration less than 10 times the universal treatment standard for that constituent, treatment to achieve constituent concentrations less than 10 times the universal treatment standard is not required. Universal treatment standards are identified in s. NR 668.48, Table UTS. NR 664.0552(5)(d)4.d.d. For waste exhibiting the hazardous characteristic of ignitability, corrosivity or reactivity, the waste shall also be treated to eliminate these characteristics. NR 664.0552(5)(d)4.e.e. For debris, the debris shall be treated in accordance with s. NR 668.45, or by methods or to levels established under subd. 4. a. to d. or 5., whichever the department determines is appropriate. NR 664.0552(5)(d)4.f.f. For metal bearing wastes for which metals removal treatment is not used, the department may specify a leaching test other than the TCLP (method 1311 of EPA SW-846, incorporated by reference in s. NR 660.11) to measure treatment effectiveness, provided the department determines that an alternative leach testing protocol is appropriate for use, and that the alternative more accurately reflects conditions at the site that affect leaching. NR 664.0552(5)(d)5.5. The department may adjust the treatment level or method in subd. 4. to a higher or lower level, based on one or more of the following factors, as appropriate. The adjusted level or method shall be protective of human health and the environment: NR 664.0552(5)(d)5.b.b. The levels or methods in subd. 4. would result in concentrations of principal hazardous constituents (PHCs) that are significantly above or below cleanup standards applicable to the site (established either site-specifically, or promulgated under state or federal law). NR 664.0552(5)(d)5.c.c. The views of the affected local community on the treatment levels or methods in subd. 4. as applied at the site, and, for treatment levels, the treatment methods necessary to achieve these levels. NR 664.0552(5)(d)5.d.d. The short-term risks presented by the on-site treatment method necessary to achieve the levels or treatment methods in subd. 4. NR 664.0552(5)(d)5.e.e. The long-term protection offered by the engineering design of the CAMU and related engineering controls where any of the following apply: 1) The treatment standards in subd. 4. are substantially met and the principal hazardous constituents in the waste or residuals are of very low mobility.
2) Cost-effective treatment has been used and the CAMU meets the liner and leachate collection requirements for new land disposal units at s. NR 664.0301 (3) and (4). 3) After review of appropriate treatment technologies, the department determines that cost-effective treatment is not reasonably available, and the CAMU meets the liner and leachate collection requirements for new land disposal units at s. NR 664.0301 (3) and (4). 4) Cost-effective treatment has been used and the principal hazardous constituents in the treated wastes are of very low mobility.
5) After review of appropriate treatment technologies, the department determines that cost-effective treatment is not reasonably available, the principal hazardous constituents in the wastes are of very low mobility and either the CAMU meets or exceeds the liner standards for new, replacement or laterally expanded CAMUs in par. (c) 1. and 2. or the CAMU provides substantially equivalent or greater protection.