71.22(9ad) (9ad) 

71.22(9ad)(a) (a) “Qualified real estate investment trust” means a real estate investment trust, except a real estate investment trust the shares or beneficial interests of which are not regularly traded on an established securities market and more than 50 percent of the voting power or value of any class of the beneficial interests or shares of which are owned or controlled, directly, indirectly or constructively, by a single entity that is treated as an association taxable as a corporation under the Internal Revenue Code.

71.22(9ad)(b) (b) For purposes of this subsection, the following entities are not considered an association taxable as a corporation:

71.22(9ad)(b)1. 1. An entity that is exempt from taxation under s. 71.26 (1) and exempt from federal income tax pursuant to the provisions of section 501 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code.

71.22(9ad)(b)2. 2. A real estate investment trust that is a qualified real estate investment trust.

71.22(9ad)(b)3. 3. A qualified real estate investment trust subsidiary under section 856 (i) of the Internal Revenue Code that is a subsidiary of a qualified real estate investment trust.

71.22(9ad)(b)5. 5. A corporation, trust, association, or partnership organized outside the laws of the United States that satisfies all of the following:

71.22(9ad)(b)5.a. a. At least 75 percent of the entity’s total asset value at the close of its taxable year consists of real estate assets, as defined in section 856 (c) (5) (B) of the Internal Revenue Code, cash and cash equivalents, and U.S. government securities.

71.22(9ad)(b)5.b. b. The entity is not subject to tax on amounts distributed to its beneficial owners or is exempt from entity-level taxation.

71.22(9ad)(b)5.c. c. The entity distributes at least 85 percent of its taxable income, as computed in the jurisdiction in which it is organized, to the holders of its shares or certificates of beneficial interest on an annual basis.

71.22(9ad)(b)5.d. d. Either no more than 10 percent of the voting power or value in the entity is held directly, indirectly, or constructively by a single entity or individual or the shares or beneficial interests of the entity are regularly traded on an established securities market.

71.22(9ad)(b)5.e. e. The entity is organized in a country that has a tax treaty with the United States.

71.22(9ad)(c) (c) For purposes of this subsection, the constructive ownership rules of section 318 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code, as modified by section 856 (d) (5) of the Internal Revenue Code, shall apply in determining the ownership of stock, assets, or net profits of any person.

71.22(9am) (9am) “Related entity” means any person related to a taxpayer as provided under section 267 or 1563 of the Internal Revenue Code during all or a portion of the taxpayer’s taxable year and any real estate investment trust under section 856 of the Internal Revenue Code, except a qualified real estate investment trust, if more than 50 percent of any class of the beneficial interests or shares of the real estate investment trust are owned directly, indirectly, or constructively by the taxpayer, or any person related to the taxpayer, during all or a portion of the taxpayer’s taxable year. For purposes of this subsection, the constructive ownership rules of section 318 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code, as modified by section 856 (d) (5) of the Internal Revenue Code, shall apply in determining the ownership of stock, assets, or net profits of any person.

71.22(9an) (9an) For purposes of s. 71.26 (2) (a) 7. and 9., “rental expenses” means the gross amounts that would otherwise be deductible under the Internal Revenue Code, as modified under s. 71.26 (3), for the use of, or the right to use, real property and tangible personal property in connection with real property, including services furnished or rendered in connection with such property, regardless of how reported for financial accounting purposes and regardless of how computed.

71.22(9g) (9g) For purposes of s. 71.25 (9) (df), (dh), (dj), and (dk), “state” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States, unless the context requires that “state” means only the state of Wisconsin.

71.22(9m) (9m) “Subscribe” means write one’s signature or, if the department prescribes another method of authenticating, use that other method.

71.22(10) (10) “Taxable year” means the taxable period upon the basis of which the taxable income of the taxpayer is computed for federal income tax purposes. The taxable year of a corporation that keeps its accounting records on the basis of a 52-53 week period ends on the last day of the month closest to the end of the 52-53 week period.

71.22(11) (11) Except as provided in s. 71.45 (2), “Wisconsin net income”, for corporations engaged in business wholly within this state, means net income and, for corporations engaged in business both within and outside this state, means the amount assigned to this state under s. 71.25 (6), (10) (c) or (13) or by a separate accounting or allocation, if allowed under s. 71.25 (6), or by another method approved under s. 71.25 (11), (12) or (14).

71.22 History History: 1987 a. 312; 1987 a. 411 ss. 14, 19, 109, 112; 1989 a. 31, 336; 1991 a. 39, 269; 1993 a. 16, 112, 437; 1995 a. 27, 380, 428; 1997 a. 27, 37, 237, 252, 299; 1999 a. 9, 194; 2001 a. 16, 109; 2003 a. 33; 2005 a. 25, 49; 2007 a. 20, 226; 2009 a. 2, 28, 161, 183; 2011 a. 32; 2013 a. 20; 2015 a. 55, 216; 2017 a. 59, 231; 2019 a. 185; 2021 a. 1; 2021 a. 240 s. 30; 2023 a. 36; s. 35.17 correction in (4) (m) 2., (n) 2., (4m) (m) 2., (n) 2.

71.23 71.23 Imposition of tax.

71.23(1) (1) Income tax. For the purpose of raising revenue for the state and the counties, cities, villages and towns, there shall be assessed, levied, collected and paid a tax as provided under this chapter on all Wisconsin net incomes of corporations that are not subject to the franchise tax under sub. (2) and that own property within this state; that derive income from sources within this state or from activities that are attributable to this state; or whose business within this state during the taxable year, except as provided under sub. (3), consists exclusively of foreign commerce, interstate commerce, or both, or that buy or sell lottery prizes if the winning tickets were originally bought in this state; except as exempted under s. 71.26 (1). This section shall not be construed to prevent or affect the correction of errors or omissions in the assessments of income for former years under s. 71.74 (1) and (2).

71.23(2) (2) Franchise tax. For the privilege of exercising its franchise, buying or selling lottery prizes if the winning tickets were originally bought in this state or doing business in this state in a corporate capacity, except as provided under sub. (3), every domestic or foreign corporation, except corporations specified in s. 71.26 (1), and every nuclear decommissioning trust or reserve fund shall annually pay a franchise tax according to or measured by its entire Wisconsin net income of the preceding taxable year at the rate set forth in s. 71.27 (2). In addition, except as provided in sub. (3) and s. 71.26 (1), a corporation that ceases doing business in this state and a nuclear decommissioning trust or reserve fund that is terminated shall pay a special franchise tax according to or measured by its entire Wisconsin net income for the taxable year during which the corporation ceases doing business in this state or the nuclear decommissioning trust or reserve fund is terminated at the rates under s. 71.27 (2). Every corporation organized under the laws of this state shall be deemed to be residing within this state for the purposes of this franchise tax. All provisions of this chapter and ch. 73 relating to income taxation of corporations shall apply to franchise taxes imposed under this subsection, unless the context requires otherwise. The tax imposed by this subsection on national banking associations shall be in lieu of all taxes imposed by this state on national banking associations to the extent it is not permissible to tax such associations under federal law.

71.23(3) (3) Activities that do not create nexus.

71.23(3)(am) (am) A foreign corporation may do business, exercise its franchise and own property in this state to the limited extent referred to in the following activities, in addition to those activities permitted under P.L. 86-272, without subjecting itself to the imposition of the income or franchise tax under subs. (1) and (2):

71.23(3)(am)1. 1. The storage for any length of time in this state in or on property owned by a person other than the foreign corporation of its tangible personal property and the delivery of its tangible personal property to another person in this state when such storage and delivery is for fabricating, processing, manufacturing or printing by that other person in this state.

71.23(3)(am)2. 2. The storage for any length of time in this state in or on property owned by a person other than the foreign corporation, and the shipment or delivery outside this state by another person in this state, of the entire amount of the foreign corporation’s tangible personal property fabricated, processed, manufactured or printed in this state.

71.23(3)(am)3. 3. If the foreign corporation is a publisher, the purchase from a printer of a printing service or of tangible personal property printed in this state for the publisher and the storage of the printed material for any length of time in this state in or on property owned by a person other than the publisher, whether or not the tangible personal property is subsequently resold or delivered in this state or shipped or delivered outside this state.

71.23(3)(am)4. 4. The storage for no more than 90 days in this state in or on property owned by a person, other than the foreign corporation, of the foreign corporation’s tangible personal property, if the tangible personal property is transferred to the person and is used in this state by the person for fabricating, processing, manufacturing or printing on the parcel of property in or on which the tangible personal property is stored and if the parcel of property has an assessed value, for property tax purposes, of at least $10,000,000 but no more than $11,000,000 on January 1, 1999.