DHS 157.03(26)(26) “Area of use” means a portion of an address of use that has been set aside for the purpose of receiving, using or storing radioactive material. DHS 157.03(27)(27) “As low as is reasonably achievable” or “ALARA” means making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to radiation as far below the dose limits in this chapter as is practical, consistent with the purpose for which the licensed or registered activity is undertaken, taking into account the state of technology, the economics of improvements in relation to state of technology, the economics of improvements in relation to benefits to the public health and safety and other societal and socioeconomic considerations, and in relation to utilization of nuclear energy and licensed or registered sources of radiation in the public interest. DHS 157.03(28)(28) “Assembler” means any person engaged in the business of assembling, replacing or installing one or more components into an x-ray system or subsystem. The term includes the owner of an x-ray system or his or her employee or agent who assembles components into an x-ray system that is subsequently used to provide professional or commercial services. DHS 157.03(29)(29) “Assigned Protection Factor” or “APF” means the expected workplace level of respiratory protection that would be provided by a properly functioning respirator or a class of respirators to properly trained and fitted users. Operationally, the inhaled concentration may be estimated by dividing the ambient airborne concentration by the APF. DHS 157.03(30)(30) “Associated equipment” means equipment that is used in conjunction with a radiographic exposure device to make radiographic exposures that drives, guides or comes in contact with the source. DHS 157.03 NoteNote: Examples of associated equipment include a guide tube, control tube, control cable, removable source stop, “J” tube and collimator when used as an exposure head.
DHS 157.03(30m)(30m) “Associate radiation safety officer” means an individual who meets all of the following qualifications: DHS 157.03(30m)(b)(b) Is currently identified as an associate radiation safety officer for the types of use of radioactive material for which the individual has been assigned duties and tasks by the radiation safety officer on a specific medical use license issued by the department, the NRC, or another agreement state or medical use permit issued by an NRC master material licensee. DHS 157.03(31)(31) “Atmosphere-supplying respirator” means a respirator that supplies the respirator user with breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere, and includes supplied-air respirators and self-contained breathing apparatus units. DHS 157.03(32)(32) “Attenuation block” means a block or stack of type 1100 aluminum alloy, or aluminum alloy having equivalent attenuation, with dimensions 20 centimeters by 20 centimeters or larger by 3.8 centimeters that is large enough to intercept the entire x-ray beam. DHS 157.03(32m)(32m) ”Authorized medical physicist” means an individual who has any of the following qualifications: DHS 157.03(32m)(b)(b) Is identified as an authorized medical physicist on a specific medical use license or equivalent permit issued by the department, NRC or another agreement state. DHS 157.03(32m)(c)(c) Is identified as an authorized medical physicist on a permit issued by the department, NRC or another agreement state specific medical use licensee of broad scope that is authorized to permit the use of radioactive material. DHS 157.03(33)(33) “Authorized nuclear pharmacist” means a pharmacist licensed by the state under ch. 450, Stats., and who fulfills at least one of the following: DHS 157.03(33)(b)(b) Is identified as an authorized nuclear pharmacist on a nuclear regulatory commission or agreement state license or other equivalent permit or license recognized by the NRC that authorizes the medical use of radioactive material or the practice of nuclear pharmacy. DHS 157.03(33)(c)(c) Is identified as an authorized nuclear pharmacist on a permit issued by an NRC or agreement state specific licensee of broad scope that is authorized to permit the medical use of radioactive material or the practice of nuclear pharmacy. DHS 157.03(33)(d)(d) Is approved as an authorized nuclear pharmacist by a nuclear pharmacy authorized by the NRC or an agreement state to approve authorized nuclear pharmacists. DHS 157.03(34)(34) “Authorized user” means a state licensed person engaged in the healing arts who fulfills at least one of the following: DHS 157.03(34)(a)(a) Meets the recentness of training requirements in s. DHS 157.61 (11) and the certification requirement, depending upon the desired use of the radioactive material, found in any of the following: DHS 157.03(34)(b)(b) Is identified as an authorized user on a nuclear regulatory commission or agreement state license or other equivalent permit or license recognized by the NRC that authorizes the medical use of radioactive material. DHS 157.03(34)(c)(c) Is identified as an authorized user on a permit issued by a nuclear regulatory commission or agreement state specific licensee of broad scope that is authorized to permit the medical use of radioactive material. DHS 157.03(35)(35) “Automatic exposure control” or “AEC” means a device that automatically controls one or more technique factors to obtain at a preselected location a required quantity of radiation. DHS 157.03 NoteNote: Examples of an automatic exposure control includes devices such as phototimers and ion chambers.
DHS 157.03(36)(36) “Autoradiograph” means a radiographic image created by placing a sealed source on radiographic film to directly expose the film. DHS 157.03(36m)(36m) “Background investigation” means the investigation conducted by a licensee or applicant for a license to support the determination of trustworthiness and reliability. DHS 157.03(37)(37) “Background radiation” means radiation from cosmic sources, naturally occurring radioactive materials, including radon, except as a decay product of source or special nuclear material and including global fallout as it exists in the environment from the testing of nuclear explosive devices or from past nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl that contribute to background radiation and are not under the control of a licensee or registrant. “Background radiation” does not include sources of radiation from radioactive materials regulated by the department. DHS 157.03(38)(38) “Barrier” means a device or material used to restrict access to an area. DHS 157.03(39)(39) “Beam axis” means a line from the source through the centers of the radiation fields. DHS 157.03(40)(40) “Beam monitoring system” means a system designed and installed in the radiation head to detect and measure the radiation present in the useful beam. DHS 157.03(40m)(a)(a) “Beam port” means an opening on the x-ray apparatus designed to emit a primary beam. DHS 157.03(40m)(b)(b) “Beam port” does not include accessible openings on a security screening unit. DHS 157.03(41)(41) “Beam scattering foil” means a thin piece of material, usually metallic, placed in the beam to scatter a beam of electrons to provide a more uniform electron distribution in the useful beam. DHS 157.03(42)(42) “Beam-limiting device” means a field defining collimator that provides a means to restrict the dimensions of the useful beam to the desired dimensions. DHS 157.03(43)(43) “Becquerel” or “Bq” means the SI unit of activity. One becquerel equals one disintegration or transformation per second. The special unit of decay is the curie and is being replaced by the becquerel. DHS 157.03(44)(44) “Bent beam linear accelerator” means a linear accelerator geometry in which the accelerated electron beam must change direction by passing through a bending magnet. DHS 157.03(45)(45) “Bioassay” means the determination of kinds, quantities or concentrations and, in some cases, the locations of radioactive material in the human body, whether by direct measurement, in vivo counting or by analysis and evaluation of materials excreted or removed from the human body. DHS 157.03(45m)(a)(a) ”Bomb detection radiographic equipment” means x-ray generating equipment used solely for the purpose of remotely detecting explosive devices. DHS 157.03(45m)(b)(b) ”Bomb detection radiographic equipment” does not include hand-held x-ray bomb detection equipment. DHS 157.03(46)(46) “Brachytherapy” means a method of radiation therapy in which sources are used to deliver a radiation dose at a distance of up to a few centimeters by surface, intracavitary or interstitial application. DHS 157.03(47)(47) “Brachytherapy source” means a radioactive material or a manufacturer-assembled material train or a combination of these materials. DHS 157.03(48)(48) “Broad scope license” means a specific license authorizing receipt, acquisition, ownership, possession, use and transfer of any chemical or physical form of up to multi-curie quantities of radioactive material, including the establishment of administrative procedures that assure control of procurement and safe use of radioactive materials. DHS 157.03 NoteNote: Section DHS 157.13 (3) (b) describes the different types of broad scope licenses. DHS 157.03(49)(49) “Buffer zone” means a portion of a disposal site that is controlled by the licensee that lies under the disposal units and is between the disposal units and the site boundary. DHS 157.03(50)(a)(a) Any radioactive material, except special nuclear material, yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or using special nuclear material. DHS 157.03(50)(b)(b) The tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from ore processed primarily for its source material content, including discrete surface wastes resulting from uranium or thorium solution extraction processes. Underground ore bodies depleted by these solution extraction operations do not constitute “byproduct material” within this definition. DHS 157.03(50)(c)(c) Any discrete source of radium-226 that has been produced, extracted or converted after extraction, for use for a commercial, medical or research activity. DHS 157.03(50)(d)(d) Any material that has been made radioactive by use of a particle accelerator, and is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction, for use for a commercial, medical or research activity. DHS 157.03(50)(e)(e) Any discrete source of naturally occurring radioactive material, other than source material, that the NRC, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the head of any other appropriate federal agency, determines would pose a threat similar to the threat posed by a discrete source of radium-226 to the public health and safety or the common defense and security, and is extracted or converted after extraction for use in a commercial, medical or research activity. DHS 157.03(51)(51) “Cabinet radiography” means industrial radiography conducted in an enclosure or cabinet so shielded that every location on the exterior meets the dose limits for individual members of the public as specified in s. DHS 157.23 (1). DHS 157.03(52)(52) “Cabinet x-ray system” means an x-ray system, manufactured under the requirements of 21 CFR 1020.40, with an x-ray tube installed in an enclosure that is independent of existing architectural structures except the floor. The cabinet x-ray system is intended to contain at least that portion of a material being irradiated, provide radiation attenuation and exclude personnel from its interior during generation of radiation. “Cabinet x-ray system” includes x-ray systems designed primarily for the inspection of carry-on baggage at airline, railroad and bus terminals and in similar facilities. An x-ray tube used within a shielded part of a building or x-ray equipment that may temporarily or occasionally incorporate portable shielding is not considered a cabinet x-ray system. DHS 157.03(53)(53) “Calendar quarter” means a period of time equal to one-fourth of the year observed by the licensee or registrant, providing that the beginning of the first quarter in a year coincides with the starting date of the year and that no day is omitted or duplicated in consecutive quarters. DHS 157.03 NoteNote: A calendar quarter is approximately 13 consecutive weeks.
DHS 157.03(54)(54) “C-arm x-ray system” means an x-ray system in which the image receptor and x-ray tube housing assembly are connected by a common mechanical support system to maintain a desired spatial relationship. The system allows the operator to change the projection of the beam through the patient without changing the position of the patient. DHS 157.03(55)(55) “Calibration” means determining either of the following: DHS 157.03(55)(a)(a) The response or reading of an instrument relative to a series of known radiation values over the range of the instrument. DHS 157.03(56)(56) “Carrier” means a person engaged in the transportation of passengers or property by land or water as a common, contract or private carrier or by civil aircraft. DHS 157.03(56g)(56g) “Category 1 quantity of radioactive material” means a quantity of radioactive material meeting or exceeding the category 1 threshold in ch. DHS 157 Appendix U. DHS 157.03 NoteNote: This is determined by calculating the ratio of the total activity of each radionuclide to the category 1 threshold for that radionuclide and adding the ratios together. If the sum is equal to or exceeds 1, the quantity would be considered a category 1 quantity. Category 1 quantities of radioactive material do not include the radioactive material contained in any fuel assembly, subassembly, fuel rod, or fuel pellet. Chapter DHS 157 Appendix U is used to determine the category 1 threshold for a category 1 quantity of radioactive material. The category 1 and category 2 thresholds in ch. DHS 157 Appendix U and ch. DHS 157 Appendix T are not interchangeable. DHS 157.03(56r)(56r) “Category 2 quantity of radioactive material” means a quantity of radioactive material meeting or exceeding the category 2 threshold, but less than the category 1 threshold in ch. DHS 157 Appendix U. DHS 157.03 NoteNote: This is determined by calculating the ratio of the total activity of each radionuclide to the category 2 threshold for that radionuclide and adding the ratios together. If the sum is equal to or exceeds 1, the quantity would be considered a category 2 quantity. Category 2 quantities of radioactive material do not include the radioactive material contained in any fuel assembly, subassembly, fuel rod, or fuel pellet. Chapter DHS 157 Appendix U is used to determine the category 2 threshold for a category 2 quantity of radioactive material. The category 1 and category 2 thresholds in ch. DHS 157 Appendix U and ch. DHS 157 Appendix T are not interchangeable. DHS 157.03(57)(57) “Cephalometric device” means a device intended for the radiographic visualization and measurement of the dimensions of the human head. DHS 157.03(57c)(57c) “Certifiable cabinet x-ray system” means an existing uncertified radiation generating device that has been modified to meet the certification requirements specified in 21 CFR 1020.40. DHS 157.03(57g)(57g) “Certificate holder” means a person who has been issued a certificate of compliance or other package approval by the U.S. nuclear regulatory commission. DHS 157.03(57r)(57r) “Certificate of Compliance” or “CoC” means the certificate issued by the U.S. nuclear regulatory commission under subpart D of 10 CFR 71 which approves the design of a package for the transportation of radioactive material. DHS 157.03(57w)(57w) “Certified cabinet x-ray system” means a radiation generating device certified by the manufacturer in accordance with 21 CFR 1010.2 as being manufactured and assembled pursuant to the provisions of applicable federal radiation safety performance standards 21 CFR 1010 and 1020.40. DHS 157.03(60)(60) “Certifying entity” means an independent certifying organization meeting the requirements in 10 CFR 34, Appendix A or an agreement state meeting the requirements in 10 CFR 34, Appendix A, Parts II and III. DHS 157.03(61)(61) “Changeable filters” means any filter, exclusive of inherent filtration, that may be removed from the useful beam through any electronic, mechanical or physical process. DHS 157.03(62)(62) “Chelating agent” means a chemical compound used to remove radioactive material from other substances. DHS 157.03 NoteNote: Examples of chelating agents are amine polycarboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, glucinic acid and polycarboxylic acids.
DHS 157.03(63)(63) “Chiropractor” means an individual licensed under ch. 446, Stats., to practice chiropractic. DHS 157.03(64)(64) “Class” means a classification scheme for inhaled material according to the material’s rate of clearance from the pulmonary region of the lung. Materials are classified as D, W or Y, depending on the amount of time half of the material clears from human lungs. Half of class D material clears from lungs in less than 10 days; half of class W material clears from lungs in from 10 to 100 days; and half of class Y material clears from lungs in greater than 100 days.
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