SB173: Bill Text

LRB-2280/1

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2019 - 2020 LEGISLATURE

2019 Senate BILL 173

April 22, 2019 - Introduced by Senators Testin, Craig, Bernier, Darling, Kapenga, Kooyenga, Marklein, Nass, Olsen, Stroebel and Wanggaard, cosponsored by Representatives Dittrich, Jagler, Ballweg, Duchow, Edming, Felzkowski, Gundrum, Horlacher, Hutton, James, Katsma, Krug, Kuglitsch, Kulp, Kurtz, Loudenbeck, Murphy, Ott, Quinn, Ramthun, Rodriguez, Rohrkaste, Sanfelippo, Schraa, Snyder, Sortwell, Spiros, Thiesfeldt, Tittl, Tusler, Vos and Skowronski. Referred to Committee on Health and Human Services.

SB173,1,3 An Act to amend 448.02 (3) (a); and to create 253.10 (3) (c) 2. es. and 253.103 of the statutes; relating to: sex-selective, disability-selective, and other selective abortions and providing a penalty.

Analysis by the Legislative Reference Bureau

This bill prohibits a person from performing or inducing or attempting to perform or induce an abortion on a woman if the person knows the woman is seeking an abortion solely because of the race, color, national origin, ancestry, or sex of the unborn child or solely because the unborn child has been diagnosed with or has a potential diagnosis of Down syndrome or another congenital disability. A congenital disability is defined in the bill as any congenital disease, defect, or disorder, except a life-limiting fetal anomaly, which is a profound and irremediable congenital or chromosomal anomaly that is incompatible with sustaining life after birth and does not include any condition that can be treated. The bill allows a claim for damages for a violation of this bill to be brought by a woman on whom an abortion is performed, induced, or attempted; the father of the aborted unborn child or unborn child that is attempted to be aborted, unless the pregnancy is the result of a sexual assault or incest; and, if the woman is a minor at the time or dies as a result of the abortion or attempted abortion, a parent or guardian of the woman on whom an abortion was performed, induced, or attempted. A district attorney or the attorney general may bring an action to enjoin a person who performs, induces, or attempts an abortion in violation of the prohibitions in the bill, and the bill specifies penalties for each violation of an injunction. An allegation that a physician violates the prohibitions in the bill is an allegation of unprofessional conduct that must be investigated by the Medical Examining Board.

Under current law, a woman upon whom an abortion is to be performed or induced must give voluntary and informed written consent to an abortion. Except in a medical emergency, a woman's consent to an abortion is considered informed only if, at least 24 hours before the abortion is performed or induced, the physician or an assistant has, in person, orally provided the woman with certain information and given to the woman certain written materials. If the pregnancy is the result of sexual assault or incest, the 24-hour period, but not the provision of information, may be waived or reduced under certain circumstances. In addition to the current requirement to inform the woman, orally and in writing, of certain information specified under current law, the bill requires the physician or assistant to inform the woman that Wisconsin does not allow an abortion of an unborn child solely because of the unborn child's race, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, or diagnosis or potential diagnosis of Down syndrome or another congenital disability.

Current law prohibits any person from performing or inducing an abortion if the probable postfertilization age of the unborn child is 20 or more weeks, unless the woman is undergoing a medical emergency. Current law also prohibits a person from performing an abortion after the unborn child reaches viability, unless the abortion is necessary to preserve the life or health of the woman.

The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows:

SB173,1 Section 1. 253.10 (3) (c) 2. es. of the statutes is created to read:

SB173,2,4 253.10 (3) (c) 2. es. That this state does not allow an abortion of an unborn child solely because of the unborn child's race, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, or diagnosis or potential diagnosis of Down syndrome or another congenital disability.

SB173,2 Section 2. 253.103 of the statutes is created to read:

SB173,2,6 253.103 Selective abortions. (1) Definitions. In this section:

SB173,2,7 (a) “Abortion” has the meaning given in s. 253.10 (2) (a).

SB173,2,10 (b) “Congenital disability” means any congenital disease, defect, or disorder, except a life-limiting fetal anomaly, including, but not limited to, any of the following:

SB173,2,11 1. A physical disability.

SB173,3,1 2. A mental or intellectual disability.

SB173,3,2 3. A physical disfigurement.

SB173,3,3 4. Scoliosis.

SB173,3,4 5. Dwarfism.

SB173,3,5 6. Albinism.

SB173,3,7 7. Meromelia, amelia, or other birth defect marked by the absence or partial absence of limbs.

SB173,3,8 8. A physical or mental disease.

SB173,3,10 (c) “Down syndrome” means a chromosomal disorder associated with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21.

SB173,3,14 (d) “Life-limiting fetal anomaly” means a profound and irremediable congenital or chromosomal anomaly that is incompatible with sustaining life after birth. “Life-limiting fetal anomaly” does not include any condition that can be treated.

SB173,3,19 (2) Disability-selective abortion prohibited. No person may perform or induce or attempt to perform or induce an abortion upon a woman if the person knows that the woman is seeking the abortion solely because the unborn child has been diagnosed with or has a potential diagnosis of Down syndrome or another congenital disability.

SB173,3,23 (3) Selective abortion prohibited. No person may perform or induce or attempt to perform or induce an abortion upon a woman if the person knows the woman is seeking an abortion solely because of any of the following characteristics of the unborn child:

SB173,3,24 (a) Race.

SB173,3,25 (b) Color.

SB173,4,1 (c) National origin.

SB173,4,2 (d) Ancestry.

SB173,4,3 (e) Sex.

SB173,4,6 (4) Woman exempt from penalty. No penalty may be assessed against a woman upon whom an abortion is performed or induced or attempted to be performed or induced in violation of sub. (2) or (3).

SB173,4,9 (5) Civil remedies; injunction. (a) Any of the following individuals may bring a claim for damages, including damages for personal injury and emotional and psychological distress, for a violation of sub. (2) or (3):

SB173,4,11 1. A woman on whom an abortion was performed or induced or attempted to be performed or induced.

SB173,4,13 2. The father of the aborted unborn child or the unborn child that is attempted to be aborted, unless the pregnancy is the result of sexual assault or incest.

SB173,4,17 3. If the woman on whom an abortion was performed or induced or attempted to be performed or induced is a minor at the time of the abortion or attempt or dies as a result of the abortion or attempt, a parent or guardian of the woman on whom an abortion was performed or induced or attempted to be performed or induced.

SB173,4,20 (b) A person who has been awarded damages under par. (a) shall, in addition to any damages awarded under par. (a), be entitled to punitive damages for a violation that satisfies a standard under s. 895.043 (3).

SB173,4,23 (c) Notwithstanding s. 814.04 (1), a person who recovers damages under par. (a) or (b) may also recover reasonable attorney fees incurred in connection with the action.

SB173,5,3 (d) 1. A district attorney or the attorney general may institute an action for injunctive relief against any person who performs or attempts to perform an abortion in violation of sub. (2) or (3).

SB173,5,10 2. A violation of the terms of an injunction issued as a result of an action under subd. 1. constitutes contempt of the order. The court, after a finding of contempt, shall impose a forfeiture in an amount of $10,000 for the first violation, $50,000 for a 2nd violation, and $100,000 for each subsequent violation. The court may grant any other relief it determines is just and proper in the circumstances. For purposes of this subdivision, each abortion performed that violates the terms of the injunction is considered a separate violation.

SB173,5,11 (e) A contract is not a defense to an action under this subsection.

SB173,5,13 (f) Nothing in this subsection limits the common law rights of a person that are not in conflict with sub. (2) or (3).

SB173,6,2 (6) Confidentiality in court proceedings. (a) In every proceeding brought under this section, the court, upon motion or sua sponte, shall rule whether the identity of any woman upon whom an abortion was performed or induced or attempted to be performed or induced shall be kept confidential unless the woman waives confidentiality. If the court determines that a woman's identity should be kept confidential, the court shall issue orders to the parties, witnesses, and counsel and shall direct the sealing of the record and exclusion of individuals from courtrooms or hearing rooms to the extent necessary to safeguard the woman's identity from public disclosure. If the court issues an order to keep a woman's identity confidential, the court shall provide written findings explaining why the woman's identity should be kept confidential, why the order is essential to that end, how the order is narrowly tailored to its purpose, and why no reasonable less restrictive alternative exists.

SB173,6,6 (b) Any person, except for a public official, who brings an action under this section shall do so under a pseudonym unless the person obtains the written consent of the woman upon whom an abortion was performed or induced, or attempted to be performed or induced, in violation of sub. (2) or (3).

SB173,6,8 (c) This section may not be construed to allow the identity of a plaintiff or a witness to be concealed from the defendant.

SB173,6,11 (7) Construction. Nothing in this section may be construed as creating or recognizing a right to abortion or as making lawful an abortion that is otherwise unlawful.