NR 465.45(3)(d)
(d) A record of the name and volume of each coating, thinner, other additive and cleaning material used during each compliance period. If you are using the compliant material option in
s. NR 465.43 (2) (a) for all coatings at the source, you may maintain purchase records for each material used rather than a record of the volume used.
NR 465.45(3)(e)
(e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner and other additive, and cleaning material used during each compliance period unless the material is tracked by weight.
NR 465.45(3)(f)
(f) A record of the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating used during each compliance period.
NR 465.45(3)(g)
(g) If you use either the emission rate without add-on controls option in
s. NR 465.43 (2) (b) or the emission rate with add-on controls compliance option in
s. NR 465.43 (2) (c), the density for each coating, thinner, other additive and cleaning material used during each compliance period.
NR 465.45(3)(h)
(h) If you use an allowance in Equation 1 of
s. NR 465.47 (2) for organic HAP contained in waste materials sent to or designated for shipment to a treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF) according to
s. NR 465.47 (2) (e) 2., you shall keep records of the information specified in
subds. 1. to
3.
NR 465.45(3)(h)1.
1. The name and address of each TSDF to which you sent waste materials for which you use an allowance in Equation 1 of
s. NR 465.47 (2); a statement of which subparts under
40 CFR parts 262,
264,
265 and
266 apply to the facility; and the date of each shipment.
NR 465.45(3)(h)2.
2. Identification of the coating operations producing waste materials included in each shipment and the month or months in which you used the allowance for these materials in Equation 1 of
s. NR 465.47 (2).
NR 465.45(3)(h)3.
3. The methodology used in accordance with
s. NR 465.47 (2) (e) 2. to determine the total amount of waste materials sent to or the amount collected, stored and designated for transport to a TSDF each month; and the methodology to determine the mass of organic HAP contained in these waste materials. You shall include the sources for all data used in the determination, methods used to generate the data, frequency of testing or monitoring and supporting calculations and documentation, including the waste manifest for each shipment.
NR 465.45(3)(j)
(j) You shall keep records of the date, time and duration of each deviation.
NR 465.45(3)(k)1.
1. For each deviation, a record of whether the deviation occurred during a period of startup, shutdown or malfunction.
NR 465.45(3)(k)3.
3. The records required to show continuous compliance with each operating limit specified in Table 1 of this subchapter that applies to you.
NR 465.45(3)(k)4.
4. For each capture system that is a PTE, the data and documentation you used to support a determination that the capture system meets the criteria in Method 204 in
40 CFR part 51, Appendix M, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.04 (9), for a PTE and has a capture efficiency of 100%, as specified in
s. NR 465.48 (6) (a).
NR 465.45(3)(k)5.
5. For each capture system that is not a PTE, the data and documentation you used to determine capture efficiency according to the requirements specified in
s. NR 465.48 (5) and
(6) (b) to
(e), including the records specified in
subd. 5. a. to
c. that apply to you.
NR 465.45(3)(k)5.a.
a. For a liquid-to-uncaptured gas protocol using a temporary total enclosure or building enclosure, records of the mass of total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) as measured by Method 204A or 204F in
40 CFR part 51, Appendix M, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.04 (9), for each material used in the coating operation or operations, and the total TVH for all materials used during each capture efficiency test run, including a copy of the test report. Records of the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the capture system that exited the temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency test run, as measured by Method 204D or 204E in
40 CFR part 51, Appendix M, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.04 (9), including a copy of the test report. Records documenting that the enclosure used for the capture efficiency test met the criteria in Method 204 in
40 CFR part 51, Appendix M, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.04 (9), for either a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure.
NR 465.45(3)(k)5.b.
b. For a gas-to-gas protocol using a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure, records of the mass of TVH emissions captured by the emission capture system as measured by Method 204B or 204C in
40 CFR part 51, Appendix M, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.04 (9), at the inlet to the add-on control device, including a copy of the test report. Records of the mass of TVH emissions not captured by the capture system that exited the temporary total enclosure or building enclosure during each capture efficiency test run as measured by Method 204D or 204E in
40 CFR part 51, Appendix M, including a copy of the test report. Records documenting that the enclosure used for the capture efficiency test met the criteria in Method 204 in
40 CFR part 51, Appendix M for either a temporary total enclosure or a building enclosure.
NR 465.45(3)(k)5.c.
c. For an alternative protocol, records needed to document a capture efficiency determination using an alternative method or protocol as specified in
s. NR 465.48 (6) (e), if applicable.
NR 465.45(3)(k)6.
6. The records specified in
subd. 6. a. and
b. for each add-on control device organic HAP destruction or removal efficiency determination as specified in
s. NR 465.48 (7).
NR 465.45(3)(k)6.b.
b. Records of the coating operation conditions during the add-on control device performance test showing that the performance test was conducted under representative operating conditions.
NR 465.45(3)(k)7.
7. Records of the data and calculations you used to establish the emission capture and add-on control device operating limits as specified in
s. NR 465.48 (8) and to document compliance with the operating limits as specified in Table 1 of this subchapter.
NR 465.45(3)(k)8.
8. A record of the work practice plan required by
s. NR 465.43 (4) and documentation that you are implementing the plan on a continuous basis.
NR 465.45(4)
(4) In what form and for how long must i keep my records? NR 465.45(4)(a)(a) Your records shall be in a form suitable and readily available for expeditious review, according to
s. NR 460.09 (2) (a). Where appropriate, the records may be maintained as electronic spreadsheets or as a database.
NR 465.45(4)(b)
(b) As specified in
s. NR 460.09 (2) (a), you shall keep each record for 5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report or record.
NR 465.45(4)(c)
(c) You shall keep each record on-site for at least 2 years after the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report or record according to
s. NR 460.09 (2) (a). You may keep the records off-site for the remaining 3 years.
NR 465.45 History
History: CR 05-040: cr. Register February 2006 No. 602, eff. 3-1-06. NR 465.46
NR 465.46
Compliance requirements for the compliant material option. NR 465.46(1)
(1)
By what date must i conduct the initial compliance demonstration? You shall complete the initial compliance demonstration for the initial compliance period according to the requirements in
sub. (2). The initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date specified in
s. NR 465.41 (4) and ends on the last day of the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial compliance period extends through that month plus the next 12 months. The initial compliance demonstration includes the calculations according to
sub. (2) and supporting documentation showing that during the initial compliance period, you used no coating with an organic HAP content that exceeded the applicable emission limit in
s. NR 465.43 (1), and that you used no thinners or other additives, or cleaning materials that contained organic HAP as determined according to
sub. (2) (a).
NR 465.46(2)
(2) How do i demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limits? You may use the compliant material option for any individual coating operation, for any group of coating operations in the affected source or for all the coating operations in the affected source. You shall use either the emission rate without add-on controls option in
s. NR 465.43 (2) (b) or the emission rate with add-on controls option in
s. NR 465.43 (2) (c) for any coating operation in the affected source for which you do not use the compliant material option. To demonstrate initial compliance using the compliant material option, the coating operation or group of coating operations may not use any coating with an organic HAP content that exceeds the applicable emission limits in
s. NR 465.43 (1) and may not use any thinner or other additive, or cleaning material that contains organic HAP as determined according to
pars. (a) to
(e). Any coating operation for which you use the compliant material option is not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards required in
s. NR 465.43 (3) and
(4), respectively. You shall conduct a separate initial compliance demonstration for each general use, high performance, magnet wire, rubber-to-metal and extreme performance fluoropolymer coating operation unless you are demonstrating compliance with a predominant activity or facility-specific emission limit as provided in
s. NR 465.43 (1) (c). If you are demonstrating compliance with a predominant activity or facility-specific emission limit, you shall demonstrate that all coating operations included in the predominant activity determination or calculation of the facility-specific emission limit comply with that limit. You shall meet all the requirements of this subsection. You shall use the procedures in
pars. (a) to
(e) on each coating, thinner, other additive and cleaning material in the condition it is in when it is received from its manufacturer or supplier and prior to any alteration. You do not need to redetermine the organic HAP content of coatings, thinners, other additives and cleaning materials that are reclaimed on-site, or reclaimed off-site if you have documentation showing that you received back the exact same materials that were sent off-site, and reused in the coating operation or operations for which you use the compliant material option, provided these materials in their condition as received were demonstrated to comply with the compliant material option.
NR 465.46(2)(a)
(a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You shall determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner, other additive and cleaning material used during the compliance period by using one of the options in
subds. 1. to
5.
NR 465.46(2)(a)1.
1. `Method 311.' You may use Method 311 in
40 CFR part 63, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.04 (25), for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the procedures specified in
subd. 1. a. and
b. when performing a Method 311 test.
NR 465.46(2)(a)1.a.
a. Count each organic HAP that is measured to be present at 0.1% by mass or more for Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-defined carcinogens as specified in
29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0% by mass or more for other compounds. Express the mass fraction of each organic HAP you count as a value truncated to 4 places after the decimal point.
NR 465.46 Note
Note: For example, if toluene, which is not an OSHA carcinogen, is measured to be 0.5% of the material by mass, you do not have to count it.
NR 465.46(2)(a)1.b.
b. Calculate the total mass fraction of organic HAP in the test material by adding up the individual organic HAP mass fractions and truncating the result to 3 places after the decimal point.
NR 465.46(2)(a)2.
2. `Method 24.' For coatings, you may use Method 24 in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.04 (13), to determine the mass fraction of nonaqueous volatile matter and use that value as a substitute for mass fraction of organic HAP. For reactive adhesives in which some of the HAP react to form solids and are not emitted to the atmosphere, you may use the alternative method contained in
40 CFR part 63, Subpart PPPP, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.04 (24r), rather than Method 24. You may use the volatile fraction that is emitted, as measured by the alternative method in
40 CFR part 63, Subpart PPPP, Appendix A, as a substitute for the mass fraction of organic HAP.
NR 465.46(2)(a)3.
3. `Alternative method.' You may use an alternative test method for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP once the administrator has approved it. You shall follow the procedure in
s. NR 460.06 (5) to submit an alternative test method for approval.
NR 465.46(2)(a)4.
4. `Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.' You may rely on information other than that generated by the test methods specified in
subds. 1. to
3., such as manufacturer's formulation data, if it represents each organic HAP that is present at 0.1% by mass or more for OSHA-defined carcinogens as specified in
29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(4) and at 1.0% by mass or more for other compounds. For reactive adhesives in which some of the HAP react to form solids and are not emitted to the atmosphere, you may rely on manufacturer's data that expressly states the organic HAP or volatile matter mass fraction emitted. If there is a disagreement between manufacturer's information and results of a test conducted according to
subds. 1. to
3., then the test method results will take precedence unless, after consultation, you demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the formulation data are correct.
NR 465.46 Note
Note: Note: For example, concerning which HAPs to include, if toluene, which is not an OSHA carcinogen, is 0.5% of the material by mass, you do not have to count it.
NR 465.46(2)(a)5.
5. `Solvent blends.' Solvent blends may be listed as single components for some materials in data provided by manufacturers or suppliers. Solvent blends may contain organic HAP which shall be counted toward the total organic HAP mass fraction of the materials. When test data and manufacturer's data for solvent blends are not available, you may use the default values for the mass fraction of organic HAP in these solvent blends listed in Table 2 or 3 of this subchapter. If you use the tables, you shall use the values in Table 2 for all solvent blends that match Table 2 entries according to the instructions for Table 2, and you may use Table 3 only if the solvent blends in the materials you use do not match any of the solvent blends in Table 2 and you know only whether the blend is aliphatic or aromatic. However, if the results of a test using Method 311 in
40 CFR part 63, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.04 (25), indicate higher values than those listed on Table 2 or 3, the Method 311 results will take precedence unless, after consultation, you demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the formulation data are correct.
NR 465.46(2)(b)
(b) Determine the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating. You shall determine the volume fraction of coating solids, in liters (gallons) of coating solids per liter (gallon) of coating, for each coating used during the compliance period by a test, by information provided by the supplier or the manufacturer of the material, or by calculation, as specified in
subds. 1. to
4. If test results obtained according to
subd. 1. do not agree with the information obtained under
subd. 3. or
4., the test results will take precedence unless, after consultation, you demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the formulation data are correct.
NR 465.46(2)(b)1.
1. `ASTM D2697-86 (1998) or ASTM D6093-97 (2003).' You may use ASTM D2697-86 (1998) “Standard Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings", incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.10 (39e), or ASTM D6093-97 (2003) “Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer", incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.10 (55m), to determine the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating. Divide the nonvolatile volume percent obtained with the methods by 100 to calculate volume fraction of coating solids.
NR 465.46(2)(b)2.
2. `Alternative method.' You may use an alternative test method for determining the solids content of each coating once the administrator has approved it. You shall follow the procedure in
s. NR 460.06 (5) to submit an alternative test method for approval.
NR 465.46(2)(b)3.
3. `Information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material.' You may obtain the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating from the supplier or manufacturer.
NR 465.46(2)(b)4.
4. `Calculation of volume fraction of coating solids.' You may determine the volume fraction of coating solids using the following equation:
(Equation 1)
where:
Vs is the volume fraction of coating solids, liters (gallons) of coating solids per liter (gallon) of coating
m
volatiles is the total volatile matter content of the coating, including HAP, volatile organic compounds, water and exempt compounds, determined according to Method 24 in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, grams (lb) of volatile matter per liter (gallon) of coating
D
avg is the average density of volatile matter in the coating, grams (lb) of volatile matter per liter (gallon) of volatile matter, determined from test results using ASTM D1475-98 (2003) “Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products", incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.10 (22), information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material, or reference sources providing density or specific gravity data for pure materials. If there is disagreement between ASTM Method D1475-98 (2003) test results and other information sources, the test results will take precedence unless, after consultation, you demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the formulation data are correct.
NR 465.46(2)(c)
(c) Determine the density of each coating. Determine the density of each coating used during the compliance period from test results using ASTM D1475-98 (2003) “Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products", incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.10 (22), information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material, or specific gravity data for pure chemicals. If there is disagreement between ASTM D1475-98 (2003) test results and the supplier's or manufacturer's information, the test results will take precedence unless, after consultation, you demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the formulation data are correct.
NR 465.46(2)(d)
(d) Determine the organic HAP content of each coating. Calculate the organic HAP content of each coating used during the compliance period using the following equation:
(Equation 2)
where:
Hc is the organic HAP content of the coating, kg (lb) of organic HAP emitted per liter (gallon) of coating solids used
Dc is the density of coating, kg (lb) of coating per liter (gallon) of coating, determined according to par. (c)
Wc is the mass fraction of organic HAP in the coating, kg (lb) of organic HAP per kg (lb) of coating, determined according to par. (a)
Vs is the volume fraction of coating solids, liter (gallon) of coating solids per liter (gallon) of coating, determined according to par. (b)
NR 465.46(2)(e)
(e) Compliance demonstration. The calculated organic HAP content for each coating used during the initial compliance period shall be less than or equal to the applicable emission limit in
s. NR 465.43 (1); and each thinner, other additive and cleaning material used during the initial compliance period may not contain any organic HAP, determined according to
par. (a). You shall keep all records required by
s. NR 465.45 (3) and
(4). As part of the notification of compliance status required in
s. NR 465.45 (1), you shall identify the coating operations for which you used the compliant material option and submit a statement that the coating operations were in compliance with the emission limits in
s. NR 465.43 (1) during the initial compliance period because you used no coatings for which the organic HAP content exceeded the applicable emission limit in
s. NR 465.43 (1), and you used no thinners or other additives, or cleaning materials that contained organic HAP, determined according to the procedures in
par. (a).
NR 465.46(3)
(3) How do i demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits? NR 465.46(3)(a)(a) For each compliance period, to demonstrate continuous compliance, you may not use any coating for which the organic HAP content, determined using Equation 2 of
sub. (2) (d), exceeds the applicable emission limit in
s. NR 465.43 (1), and you may not use any thinner or other additive, or cleaning material that contains organic HAP, determined according to
sub. (2) (a). A compliance period consists of 12 months. Each month, after the end of the initial compliance period described in
sub. (1), is the end of a compliance period consisting of that month and the preceding 11 months. If you are complying with a facility-specific emission limit under
s. NR 465.43 (1) (c) 2., you shall also perform the calculation using Equation 1 of
s. NR 465.43 (1) (c) 2. on a monthly basis using the data from the previous 12 months of operation.
NR 465.46(3)(b)
(b) If you choose to comply with the emission limits in
s. NR 465.43 (1) by using the compliant material option specified in this section, the use of any coating, thinner or other additive, or cleaning material that does not meet the criteria specified in
par. (a) is a deviation from the emission limits in
s. NR 465.43 (1) that shall be reported as specified in
s. NR 465.45 (1) (c) 6. and
(2) (a) 5.
NR 465.46(3)(c)
(c) As part of each semiannual compliance report required by
s. NR 465.45 (2), you shall identify the coating operations for which you used the compliant material option. If there were no deviations from the applicable emission limit in
s. NR 465.43 (1), submit a statement that the coating operations were in compliance with the emission limits during the reporting period because you used no coatings for which the organic HAP content exceeded the applicable emission limit in
s. NR 465.43 (1), and you used no thinner, other additive or cleaning material that contained organic HAP, determined according to
sub. (2) (a).
NR 465.46 History
History: CR 05-040: cr. Register February 2006 No. 602, eff. 3-1-06. NR 465.47
NR 465.47
Compliance requirements for the emission rate without add-on controls option. NR 465.47(1)
(1)
By what date must i conduct the initial compliance demonstration? You shall complete the initial compliance demonstration for the initial compliance period according to the requirements of
sub. (2). The initial compliance period begins on the applicable compliance date specified in
s. NR 465.41 (4) and ends on the last day of the 12th month following the compliance date. If the compliance date occurs on any day other than the first day of a month, then the initial compliance period extends through the end of that month plus the next 12 months. You shall determine the mass of organic HAP emissions and volume of coating solids used each month and then calculate an organic HAP emission rate at the end of the initial compliance period. The initial compliance demonstration includes the calculations according to
sub. (2) and supporting documentation showing that during the initial compliance period the organic HAP emission rate was equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in
s. NR 465.43 (1).
NR 465.47(2)
(2) How do i demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limits? You may use the emission rate without add-on controls option for any individual coating operation, for any group of coating operations in the affected source, or for all the coating operations in the affected source. You shall use either the compliant material option in
s. NR 465.43 (2) (a) or the emission rate with add-on controls option in
s. NR 465.43 (2) (c) for any coating operation in the affected source for which you do not use the emission rate without add-on controls option. To demonstrate initial compliance using the emission rate without add-on controls option, the coating operation or group of coating operations shall meet the applicable emission limit in
s. NR 465.43 (1), but is not required to meet the operating limits or work practice standards in
s. NR 465.43 (3) and
(4). You shall conduct a separate initial compliance demonstration for each general use, magnet wire, rubber-to-metal and extreme performance fluoropolymer coating operation unless you are demonstrating compliance with a predominant activity or facility-specific emission limit as provided in
s. NR 465.43 (1) (c). If you are demonstrating compliance with a predominant activity or facility-specific emission limit, you shall demonstrate that all coating operations included in the predominant activity determination or calculation of the facility-specific emission limit comply with that limit. You shall meet all the requirements of this subsection. When calculating the organic HAP emission rate according to
pars. (a) to
(h), do not include any coatings, thinners, other additives or cleaning materials used on coating operations for which you use the compliant material option specified in
s. NR 465.43 (2) (a) or the emission rate with add-on controls option specified in
s. NR 465.43 (2) (c) You do not need to redetermine the mass of organic HAP in coatings, thinners or other additives, or cleaning materials that have been reclaimed on-site, or reclaimed off-site if you have documentation showing that you received back the exact same materials that were sent off-site, and reused in the coating operation or operations for which you use the emission rate without add-on controls option. If you use coatings, thinners or other additives, or cleaning materials that have been reclaimed on-site, the amount of each used in a month may be reduced by the amount of each that is reclaimed.
NR 465.47(2)(a)
(a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner, other additive and cleaning material used during each month according to the requirements in
s. NR 465.46 (2) (a).
NR 465.47(2)(b)
(b) Determine the volume fraction of coating solids. Determine the volume fraction of coating solids, in liters (gallons) of coating solids per liter (gallon) of coating, for each coating used during each month according to the requirements in
s. NR 465.46 (2) (b).
NR 465.47(2)(c)
(c) Determine the density of each material. Determine the density of each liquid coating, thinner or other additive, and cleaning material used during each month from test results using ASTM D1475-98 (2003), “Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products", incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.10 (22), information from the supplier or manufacturer of the material, or reference sources providing density or specific gravity data for pure materials. If you are including powder coatings in the compliance determination, determine the density of powder coatings, using ASTM D5965-02 “Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Powders
", incorporated by reference in
s. NR 484.10 (55i), or information from the supplier. If there is disagreement between ASTM Method D1475-98 (2003) or ASTM Method D5965-02 test results and other information sources, the test results will take precedence unless, after consultation, you demonstrate to the satisfaction of the department that the formulation data are correct. If you purchase materials or monitor consumption by weight instead of volume, you do not need to determine material density. Instead, you may use the material weight in place of the combined terms for density and volume in Equations 1A, 1B, 1C and 2 of this subsection.
NR 465.47(2)(d)
(d) Determine the volume of each material used. Determine the volume in liters (gallons) of each coating, thinner, other additive, and cleaning material used during each month by measurement or usage records. If you purchase materials or monitor consumption by weight instead of volume, you do not need to determine the volume of each material used. Instead, you may use the material weight in place of the combined terms for density and volume in Equations 1A, 1B and 1C of this subsection.
NR 465.47(2)(e)1.1. The mass of organic HAP emissions is the combined mass of organic HAP contained in all coatings, thinners, other additives and cleaning materials used during each month minus the organic HAP in certain waste materials. Calculate the mass of organic HAP emissions using the following equations and the procedures in
subd. 2. if applicable:
(Equation 1)
where:
He is the total mass of organic HAP emissions during the month, kg (lb)
A is the total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month, kg (lb), as calculated in Equation 1A of this subsection
B is the total mass of organic HAP in the thinners and other additives used during the month, kg (lb), as calculated in Equation 1B of this subsection
C is the total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials used during the month, kg (lb), as calculated in Equation 1C of this subsection
Rw is the total mass of organic HAP in waste materials sent or designated for shipment to a hazardous waste TSDF for treatment or disposal during the month, kg (lb), determined according to subd. 2. You may assign a value of zero to RW if you do not wish to use this allowance.
(Equation 1A)
where:
